hey everyone welcome to yet another medical terminology the basics lesson and this is lesson 4 so let's begin so we're gonna first look at more modifiers in this lesson so first we're gonna begin by looking at location modifiers so the first one is Axio which means axial you can think of the axial skeleton in this case the next one is cata this means down or downward the next prefix is ech and you can think of outside so think of ectopic the next one is vent or vent row this means toward the front so you can think of ventral or the ventral surface of the body and likewise the opposite of that is door so you can think of the back or the back of the body dorsal or dorsal so here is a little quick picture here ventral again is toward the front dorsal is toward the back the next one is ladder or lateral and this rate this really means relating to the side so we can think of lateral and the next one is cod or caught oh this means tail so you can think of caudal in this case so this might more relate to the use in animals but there are also times and we use the word caudal when we describe the human body as well the next one is mezzo and this simply means the middle so you can think of mezzo durn that embryonic tissue layer that's in between endoderm and ectoderm so Meisel means middle so the next group of modifiers are going to look at our cellular modifiers the first one is cario this means nucleus so you can think of karyotype and another way to say nucleus is simply nuclei so you can think of nucleo FEI jie or the nucleo pore you can think of the nucleus in these cases so cario and nucleon both refer to the nucleus the next one is point kilo point kilo means variation or irregularity so point kilo you can think of in zoology poi killeth arms in with regards to cells and you think of point kilo sites so there's cells that have varying shapes the next one is reticular the scan refer to reticulum society reticulocyte is an immature red blood cell in another cellular modifier is the prefix Sphero this is very easy just refers to the shape of a sphere so again there are cells known as Sphero sites so this would simply mean that they have a shape of a sphere so the next set of medical terms are gonna look at our general terms the first one is anthropo so the prefix anthropos of anthropology the next one is corp or or corporal this means body or relating to the body so we can think of corporeal another prefix that or prefix and actually suffix that refers to the body is somato and Soma so so you can think of somatic or in some cases we refer to neurons the body of a neuron as a soma the next prefix is Organo this is easy this means organ so you can think of Organo megali an enlarged organ and related to that visceral this means internal organs so you can think of viscera the next one is kilo this means tissue so you can think of kilo weed in this case the next prefix is proteome this is easy again this just means protein or relating to a protein the next prefix is far more pharmaco again this is quite well known this means drugs or medications you can think of pharmacy you can think a pharmacist can think of pharmacology all of these relate to drugs and medications the next medical term is Morpho this means denoting form or structure so you can think of morphology in this case the next prefix is new tree or new trio this means relating to nutrition or to nourish so it can think of new you can think of a nutritionist it's relating to an relating to nutrition so we have even more general terms coming up so here's another one the prefix physio which means nature you can think of a physiotherapist the next one is lumen or luminal this means light and you can think of the word lumen or illuminate so these are all referring to light the next prefix is nomen this means name and you can think of the word nomenclature the next one is known or normal this means custom or law the next one is spectral this simply means spectrum this is pretty easy one to remember so unis think of that exact word spectrum the next one is the suffix type which simply means class so you can think of some matter type a class of body shape the next one is the prefix techno this simply means skill so you can think of technique when you think of this prefix the next prefix is viral or viral this simply means virus so this is very easy when remember you can think of a biologist someone that specializes in viral research or viral infections another prefix is Zygo and this actually means union or injunction so you can think of a zygote so the Union in union of a sperm and egg becomes a zygote so we'll look at some more prefixes in suffixes concerning conditions now so first set we're going to look at are related to medical conditions so we can think of Michael you can think of when you hear Michael we can think of fungus so you can think of a mycologist as someone that specializes in fungi and you can think of mitosis that a suffix mitosis simply means a disease caused by fungus you can think of onychomycosis a nail infection caused by a fungus the next one is uncle and this simply means cancer or relating to a tumor or mass and you can think of an oncologist or oncology the next suffix is poesis this simply means formation and we typically think of poesis when we think of the formation of blood so hematopoiesis or thrombo polices these all relate to formation of something next one is partum this means birth or labor so you can think of prepartum or postpartum so postpartum just means after birth or after a labor next one is senate and this simply means health so you can think of sanitation or sanitary so the next set of conditions are just general conditions so the first prefix is koulouri this means heat so you can think of a calorie it's a just simply a unit of heat the next one is the suffix coma and we all know what that word means and that just simply means a deep sleep the next one is Jim nur or Jim no this means naked and the next one is Vito this means life so you can think of vitality when you think of this prefix so the next set of prefixes and suffixes relate to processes and modifiers so the first one is a cue this means needle so you can think of an acupuncture the next one is an envelope you can think of abnormal or irregular you can think of anomaly or anomalous another prefix is Baro this simply means weight or pressure you can think of a barometer something that measures pressure the next one is dénia this means pain or relating to pain so you don't hear this one to awesome it you can think of allodynia the next one is dynamo this is maybe more familiar to many people this one means strength or power so dynamic the next one is epi this means equal or equality so very easy to remember so eques just simply means equal or equality another prefix is ET or I do this means cos or relating to the cause so this you can think of etiology the etiology of a medical condition would be the cause of that medical condition the next prefix is Ayano you can think of ion in this instance another suffix is labile this means unstable or fragile another one is leiyo this means loosen or dissolve and the prefix radio means radiation so you can think of radiotherapy a treatment or therapy involving radiation and another one is Claire this means hardening or thickening so you can think of sclerosis or a duro sclerosis these are really two hardening or thickening of something so the next set of processes and modifier terms starts with scre oh this means hard they can think of like hard as a rock so Spiro or serous is another word you might hear in medicine skiers the next one is schist oh this means fissure or split a schist of site for instance and another one is schizos the suffix kisses this means cleft or split schizo denotes a splint or division you can think of schizophrenia in this case so another suffix is loosened this means light-emitting so a word you can think of is translucent or translucency so trans means a cross Lucent means light emitting so translucent simply means light emitting across something so it's translucent another prefix that's important is to Misco or to mask this means swelling and another word that means swelling is tumescence so this can be added on to other things but the word itself tumescence actually means swelling another prefix that's important is tempo and this relates to time so you can think of in music you want to keep a tempo so it's ready to time or you can think of the word temporal for ya the suffix for ya means feeling or relating to a feeling so you can think of euphoria or you feel euphoric you feel very content very happy the next one is physis or fesus this means growth or relating to growth so you think of the words epiphysis or diaphysis and another prefix is or sam'l this means sand like quality or sand like material now that we've learned all of those purchases in suffixes let's put them to practice so the first example is anthropomorphic so anthropomorphic so again when we look at a medical term we just want to break it into pieces that into pieces that we actually recognize the first one we can do in this word is we can break it into an through pole and what does anthropometry is human race so then we look at the rest of the word we can find another piece of that word that we might recognize more and more means denoting former structure and it it is really means pertaining to so when we put it all together what does it mean well it means pertaining to a former structure of the human race so it kind of sounds odd but really this word means having human characteristics so it is pertaining to something that resembles a human that's what anthropomorphic means the next example is baroreceptor so you might recognize receptor that's very easy that's an actual word but what does Baro mean Baro if we remember in this lesson it means pressure and again receptor just means receptor so this baroreceptor really is a pressure receptor in a lot of times it's something to do with our blood pressure there's our baroreceptors in our body that monitor our blood pressure the next example is dysphoria so again just break it down into pieces so first part of this word we might have heard this before this this means a problem or something that is abnormal and when we look at foria we learned that phoria means feeling or relating to a feeling so when we put it together it literally means there's some abnormal or problem or a negative feeling and it really actually means a state money's the next practice word is radiolucent so what does radiolucent mean if you break it down again radio Radio means radiation and loosened Lucent means light emitting so when we put that together it means it literally means light emitting radiation that really doesn't make much sense unless we think about using an x-ray so x-ray there's radiation used and it's something that's transparent on an x-rays the next practice word is hematopoiesis so again break it down so he motto we might think of words like hematologist so what does the madill mean the motto means blood and the suffix poesis what does that mean well we learned that that meant formation so when you put it together hematopoiesis means formation of blood so that's a very easy one and the last one is scleroderma so what does scleroderma mean so again breaking it down skleros claro means hardening or thickening and derma you can think of dermatologist so dharma means skin or relating to the skin so when you put this together scleroderma really means a condition of hardening or thickening of the skin so scleroderma means hardening or thickening of the skin anyways guys that was the end of lesson 4 of medical terminology the basics I hope you found this lesson helpful if you did please like and subscribe for more videos like this one and as always thank you so much for watching and I'll see you next time