AP Human Geography Review Lecture

Introduction

• Review of all seven units of AP Human Geography.
• Focus on summarizing key concepts, not teaching full curriculum.
• Resource: Ultimate Review Packet with videos, study guides, practice quizzes, and AP tests.

Unit 1: Geography

• Maps: Thematic, reference, and projections (e.g., Mercator map distortion).
• GIS: Geographic Information Systems for spatial data layering.
• Research: Qualitative vs. Quantitative; government and business applications.
• Spatial Concepts: Technology reduces distance decay, creates unique cultural landscapes.
• Environmental Themes: Environmental determinism vs. possibilism.
• Scale: Analysis of data organization and representation, small vs. large scale maps.
• Regions: Functional, perceptual, and formal regions.

Unit 2: Population and Migration

• Population Distribution: Urban vs. rural settlements.
• Population Density: Arithmetic, physiological, and agricultural densities.
• Demographic Measures: CBR, CDR, NIR, sex ratios, dependency ratios.
• Population Pyramids: Interpretation and demographic transition model stages.
• Malthusian Theory: Malthusian catastrophe and neo-Malthusians.
• Migration: Push-pull factors, forced vs. voluntary migration.

Unit 3: Culture

• Cultural Relativism vs. Ethnocentrism.
• Diffusion: Relocation, expansion, hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus.
• Religion: Universalizing vs. ethnic religions; impact on cultural landscapes.
• Language: Families, dialects, diffusion, impact on cultural landscapes.

Unit 4: Political Geography

• Nations and States: Nation vs. state, nation-state, multinational state.
• Political Boundaries: Creation, types (e.g., relic, antecedent, superimposed).
• Gerrymandering: Voting districts and political influence.
• State Governance: Unitary vs. federal states.
• State Sovereignty: Challenges from devolution, technology, and supranational organizations.

Unit 5: Agriculture

• Agricultural Practices: Intensive vs. extensive, commercial vs. subsistence.
• Settlement Patterns: Clustered, dispersed, linear.
• Agricultural Revolutions: First, second, and green revolutions.
• Debates: GMOs, organic farming, local food movements.

Unit 6: Urban Geography

• Models: Burgess, Hoyt, Harris and Ullman, Galactic, Latin American, Sub-Saharan African, Southeast Asian.
• Urban Challenges: Gentrification, infrastructure, segregation.
• Sustainability: Smart growth, new urbanism, green belts.

Unit 7: Economic Geography

• Globalization: Formal vs. informal economies.
• Economic Sectors: Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary.
• Trade: Neoliberal policies, comparative advantage.
• Development Models: Rostow’s stages, Wallerstein’s world systems.
• Women's Role: Participation in informal economies, microloans.

Conclusion

• Encouragement to review resources such as topic videos, discord community, and the ultimate review packet for further study.
• Wishes for success on AP tests and final exams.