Hello to you. I do hope you're well. Welcome to this GCSE religious studies video. I'm Ben Ward and today we are doing some exam practice on the Christian beliefs, teachings, and practices. This is for the 2025 AQA exam. And I hope that we will achieve two things by the end of today's video. The first is that we will strengthen your knowledge of Christianity. And number two is we will develop your grade nine exam technique so that you can feel confident about securing a grade nine in this section of the paper. So let's get started with the Christian beliefs and teachings. There will be five questions on this section of the exam and they will total 24 marks. Those questions could be on any of these topics here. So make sure you have revised them all. the Trinity, the nature of God, creation, life after death, Jesus including his incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection and ascension, sin, and then finally salvation. So when we think about the exam, remember there will be five questions in this section. So there are five things we need to do in order to prepare. The first is make sure you know all of the key words and you have memorized the AQA definitions. Next, we need to know two facts about every belief so that you can bullet point them in a question two answer. We then need to make sure we know two influences of every belief because question three in this section will ask us to explain two influences of one of these beliefs and teachings. And influences means the impact it has in terms of the actions it leads to and the feelings it results in. So make sure for each belief you know two influences that you can then explain in the exam. We then need to make sure we know a key quote for every belief because question four will ask us to refer to scripture or another source of authority as part of our answer. So make sure you know a key quote for each of these topics. And then finally make sure you know evaluation points for every belief as well. So start thinking about agree and disagree arguments for each of these topics in anticipation of a potential 12 mark question. So let's start talking through the questions shall we? And question one will be worth one mark and that's because you need to do one thing and that is to identify the correct keyword from a choice of four. So I've chosen the question which one of the following means omni benevolent and then you need to decide whether it is a all knowing b all powerful c or loving or d just and then you just need to tick whether the correct word is a b c or d. So in terms of preparing for this question all that you need to do is revise your key words and memorize your aqa definitions. Now it is really important with these questions that you pay attention to the wording of the question because AQA might sometimes say which one is not and then in that case you need to tick the word that is the odd one out. So make sure you are paying attention to the wording of question one. But other than that all you need to do is make sure you know your keywords and that you've memorized your definitions. And that means you will secure your first mark. Let's have a look now at question two. And the command word for this question is to give. And that just means you need to bullet point two facts about the belief or teaching. So you are going to summarize each one in a sentence. So that's why for each of the beliefs on the specification, you need to know two bullet points. And the question I've put here is to give two Christian teachings about Jesus's resurrection. So I just need to think right what are two facts I know about his resurrection. The first one is that it happened on Easter Sunday and then the second is that it gives hope for life after death. And because I have bullet pointed two facts I will get two marks. So that is all that you need to do for question two. Let's have a look now at question three. And the question I've chosen is to explain two ways in which beliefs about life after death influence Christians. And this question will always be worth four marks. So question three on beliefs and teachings will always ask us to explain to influences. And it's really important we understand what that question is asking us. So let's start with the command word explain which means go into detail. So whenever the question says to explain that means you need to go into detail and you need to elaborate in your answer. And the best way to do that is use the phrase this is because the second important word in that question is influence. Because with question three on beliefs and teachings we are not explaining the belief itself. We are not going into detail about the belief itself. Instead, we are explaining the influence that it has and that means the impact that it has on a Christian in terms of the actions it leads to them performing and the way in which it makes them feel. So question brief for beliefs and teachings is all about the impact of the belief in the question. So you need to think for all of the beliefs on the specification, what impact does this have? What actions does it lead to a Christian performing and how does it make them feel? So for this question which is on life after death, we need to be thinking about the influence of heaven and hell. So let's start with heaven and an action that this belief leads to is to do good deeds. So that is the influence that it has. It influences a Christian to do good deeds. Now in order to get four out of four, I need to be explaining the influences which means I need to go into detail about the reasons behind them. So I then say because remember that is my key word when I'm explaining because you want to be rewarded by God and go to heaven. So I have stated the influence in terms of the action it leads to and then I've explained the reason for it. I've also got a feeling as well. I've said that heaven will make a Christian feel hopeful. What is the reason for that? I've put because it means death is not the end and you will be with God for eternity. So as you can see with heaven we've got two clear influences there. We've got the action which is to do good deeds and we've got the feeling which is to feel hopeful about the future. What about hell then? Well, I've said for an action that you would try to avoid sin. The reason for that, so my explanation of it is because you don't want to be punished in hell. So, it's very much a deterrent, isn't it? And then for feelings, I've said hell might make a Christian feel scared. And the reason is because there's a possibility of suffering in hell. So again, I've very clearly identified the action that it leads to or the way it makes them feel and then I've explained I've gone into detail about why that is the case. So for question three, you are explaining two influences. So two ways in which that belief impacts a Christian in terms of the actions they perform and the way in which they feel. So our exam technique, excuse me here, I can't speak today. Our exam technique for this one is for each of those beliefs and teachings. Think about the actions they lead to and the way they would make a Christian feel. So you can then explain two of them in your question three answer. Let's have a look at question four now which is all about again explaining. So questions three and four both use the command word explain. So for question four you are not now having to think about the influence. You are just explaining the belief itself. And the example I've given here is to explain two Christian beliefs about salvation. But what is then really important as part of your explanation is that you are referring to scripture and that is where you're then going to get your fifth mark for making a really clear reference to scripture as part of your explanation. So just to recap the command word explain it means going into detail about the reason for the belief or providing an example of it. So remember you are elaborating and a great way to do that is by using phrases such as this is because or this means that. Now as I say for one of your explanations you need to refer to scripture. So part of your explanation needs to refer to scripture or another source of authority such as the pope. So you're going to state where you've got the teaching from and then summarize it. You don't need to give a direct exact quote. You just need to have an accurate paraphrase and you will get your fifth mark for referring to scripture. So what does this look like in practice? Well, I've put here a five out of five answer which shows you the five things you need to do in order to get five marks in this section of the exam. So let's go. One Christian belief about salvation is that it is through law. So I've got my first mark there for stating a Christian belief about salvation. I then need to explain it. So I've said this means that you earn your salvation by following God's laws and performing good works. So that is then my second mark because I have explained the belief about salvation. I've gone into detail and I've elaborated on it. I then need to make my clear reference to scripture. So I've put this is seen in the Bible when God reveals the ten commandments to Moses. So I've now really clearly referred to scripture to further develop my explanation. And that means I have now got three of my marks. I then need to explain a second belief about salvation. So I've put another Christian belief is salvation through the Holy Spirit. So there is my fourth mark. I then again need to explain it. I now need to elaborate. I need to talk about the reason behind it or give an example of it. So I've put this is because God sent the Holy Spirit into the world to guide Christians towards becoming a good person and help them to avoid sin. And that then gets me my fifth and final mark. So five things there that I need to do in order to get five out of five. I have stated the belief. I've explained it. I've then referred to scripture. I then state a second belief and explain it and that gets you your five out of five. So, as I say, in terms of your revision technique for this one, fortunately, I said the word correctly this time, you just need to make sure you know a reference to scripture for each topic. And as I say, it doesn't need to be an exact quote. It can be a paraphrase but make sure in your question four PS you are stating where that teaching is from such as this is seen in the Bible and that means the examiner will be able to give you your fifth mark for making that reference to scripture. Okay, let's have a look at the final question on beliefs and teachings which is our 12 mark question. So for question five, we will always be asked to evaluate a statement and the statement I've chosen is that the incarnation is the most important Christian belief. So that is actually what we call a comparison question because I'm going to be comparing that belief with others on the specification. For example, the crucifixion and the resurrection. So do look out for those comparison questions where you'll be bringing in other beliefs as part of your disagree to say that they're either just as important or they're actually more important. So in terms of our command word evaluate, what does this actually want us to do? What do we need to do in order to get 12 out of 12? Well, it means we need to explain two arguments to agree with the statement. Then explain two arguments to disagree with the statement and then finally reach a justified conclusion at the end. Now I always say that there are three things you need to do in every paragraph to get a grade nine. You need to explain. So you need to be going into detail. You need to use evidence. So you need to be referring to the Bible. And then finally for that grade nine, you need to be evaluating. So you then need to be making judgments about the arguments you have explained. So let's just talk through this. As I say, we have to make sure we are explaining in our answers. You need to be going into detail. So make sure you're using phrases such as this is because and this means that. You also need to be using evidence. So make sure that you're including religious teachings and explaining how they are relevant to the argument being made. So, don't just drop random quotes that you know into your paragraphs. Make sure you're then actually linking them back to the question and to the statement that you're evaluating. Remember, your quotes can be paraphrase. You don't need to get them word for word correct, but make sure you say where you've got them from. As I mentioned, for a grade nine, you also then need to evaluate in every paragraph because AQA tell us that judgments on the arguments are essential for the top level. So don't just explain the argument then you need to make a judgment. For example, this is a strong argument because it is based on the Bible which Christians see as the infallible word of God. Or you might say this is a weak argument because and then give a reason why someone might actually not think it's a very good argument. So if I give you an example off the top of my head, you might be in the practices section that we're going to get on to in a minute be evaluating that lurggical worship is better than non- lurggical worship. So you might do a really great agree paragraph about why yes, lurggical worship is better than non- liturggical. But you could then add on this is a weak argument because Jesus never actually says which type of worship you need to do. Therefore, they are both equally valid. So what you are doing with your evaluation is you're making a judgment about the arguments. You're not just explaining an argument. You're then saying, well actually, is it a good argument? Is it strong? Or is it a weak argument? Do you think it's actually flawed? And that is what grade nine students do throughout their essay. And then just for that final bullet point, I did mention this before, make sure you pay attention as to whether the question is a comparison question because if it says the most important, that means you need to bring in other beliefs as well as part of your disagree in order to say that either other beliefs are just as important or they're actually more important. So always pay attention to the wording of the question. So let's have a look at how to answer this question, shall we? Let's start with our agree arguments. And remember, every paragraph wants to um include or needs to include, I should say, evidence, explanation, and evaluation. So I've put that some Christians agree because the incarnation demonstrates God's imminence, which means that he is involved within the world. The Bible teaches that the word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. This shows that. So, I'm now explaining why that quote's relevant to the argument that the incarnation is the beginning of Jesus's important life and work on earth, demonstrating God's closeness to humanity. It means he can then give us important teachings such as love your neighbor and that he can then heal people who are suffering. So, I've then fully explained it. I then for my grade nine need to evaluate that argument I've just explained and I've said this is a strong argument. So, I like it because without the incarnation, none of the other beliefs such as crucifixion and resurrection would be possible. Because of course, if Jesus hadn't been born at Christmas, then the events at Easter couldn't then take place. He couldn't die on the cross on Good Friday and he couldn't rise from the dead on Easter Sunday because he'd never been born. I then need to of course explain a second degree argument. So I've said some Christians also agree because the incarnation confirms God's omni benevolence and love for humanity. Jesus's birth shows that God wanted to be close to humanity and help us in our worldly lives on earth. So I've explained that it is the most important belief because of what it shows. This time I've said it is showing omni benevolence. I obviously now need evidence to back that up. And I've quoted Pope Francis who said that God's immense love for us is revealed at Christmas. So I've then got my really clear evidence there to support the idea that the incarnation shows God's love. However, I'm now evaluating that. I'm saying, however, this is a weak argument because the crucifixion is a more powerful demonstration of God's love because he's not just entering the world, but he's actually sacrificing his own son on a cross in order to save the world. So, the point that I'm making there is that actually this isn't a very strong agree argument because the crucifixion is a better demonstration of that love. So again, grade nine students, they're not just explaining reasons to agree and disagree. They're actually making judgments along the way. Let's have a look at the disagree argument then, shall we? I could say that some Christians disagree because the crucifixion is more important. So remember, it's a comparison question and need to be comparing with other beliefs and teachings. This is because it is when Jesus died on the cross to save us from sin. St. Paul writes in the Bible that Christ died for our sins. This means that the crucifixion is necessary for our salvation and the reason that we can be saved from our sins. This makes it the most important belief. Now, I do just want to highlight here actually a couple of phrases that it is so important to include in your answers. So, this is because excuse the highlighting by the way guys, apologies. This is because this means that this makes it again terrible highlighting. Please do excuse me. not a grade nine standard of highlighting at all. Um, but those phrases really important to be including in your 12 marker because they help develop your explanation. I've then added in that evaluation that this is a strong argument because the reason God sent Jesus into the world was so that he could then die for our sins on Good Friday. So, we're saying, well, yes, the incarnation is important, but only because it means Jesus can then die on the cross at Easter. So that is then the most important event because of what it is achieving. It's achieving our salvation. It's um the act of atonement, paying the price for human sinfulness and restoring the relationship between God and humanity. I then need one final disagree argument. Some Christians disagree because the resurrection is the most important. So I'm now comparing to another belief. This is because it enables life after death and confirms that Jesus is fully divine. The Bible teaches that if Christ has not been raised, your faith is pointless. So a brilliant quote from St. Paul there about the fact that if the resurrection hasn't happened, the entire religion is actually pointless. There's no point being a Christian if Jesus hasn't risen from the dead, which shows that. So again, I'm then explaining how the evidence is relevant. The most important thing a Christian can do is have faith that Jesus achieved victory over sin and death on Easter Sunday. I then say this is the strongest argument because without the resurrection there would be no point being a Christian. So none of the beliefs would matter because there would no be no point excuse me believing in Christianity at all. So I then just need to reach my conclusion. So I then need to write that in conclusion I personally agree with the statement this is because or in conclusion I personally disagree with the statement this is because and then in that conclusion you can either reaffirm the strongest argument from your essay or introduce a new argument of your own. So yes, with your 12 markers, make sure that every paragraph includes evidence and explanation and that for a grade nine, it also includes evaluation. Okay, let's have a look at our Christian practices questions now, shall we? Let's practice the practices. Um, I apologize for the poor humor, guys. Uh, I clearly need some green tea. Going a little bit delusional at this halfway stage. Hopefully this will revive me and restore some sanity. Um, so what do we need to know for our Christian practices? Well, again, there are going to be five questions in this section totaling 24 marks and they could be on any of these topics here. They could be on worship, prayer, baptism, eukarist, pilgrimage, celebrations, church in the local community, mission evangelism and church growth or the worldwide church. There's some very interesting topics here in terms of what we need to do in preparation for this exam. We again are being asked five questions. So there are five things we need to do. We again need to know the key words. For example, Christmas and Easter. We need to know two facts about each practice so that we can give two bullet points in a question two. We then need to know contrasting ways of practicing. So we need to compare how Catholics and Baptists would practice infant baptism and believers baptism. So in the Catholic church, infant baptism is a sacrament. Whereas in the Baptist church, believers baptism is an ordinance. The same with the eukarist as well. In the Catholic church, Eucharist is a sacrament where um they believe in transsubstantiation. So the bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Christ. Whereas in the Baptist church, it's an ordinance and the bread and grape juice are actually just symbolic. So we need to know contrasting ways of doing things. Um and as I say, the two key examples are baptism and eukarist where we compare the Catholic church with the Baptist church. But there are other contrasting practices as well. for example uh lurggical and non- lurggical worship but also pilgrimage. So Lords is a very different type of pilgrimage to Iona. So lots of contrasting ways that Christians do things. So make sure for all of the practices we know that different denominations and different Christians do these things in different ways and we need to know the reasons why as well. We again need to know a key quote for every practice. So what is the scriptural foundation for what they're doing? So for example with the Eucharist, Jesus said, "Do this in remembrance of me." So that is why they use the bread and wine to remember his sacrificial death on the cross. Because in the Bible, Jesus literally says, "Do this in remembrance of me." For evangelism, you could say Jesus taught to go and make disciples of all nations. So again, we've got that scriptural foundation for the practice that is now being performed. And then finally uh we need to know our evaluation points for every practice as well. So a lot of comparison uh will come in there in terms of which is the better way of practicing something such as do you think lurggical worship is better than non-lurggical worship. So lots to talk about here. Let's um get started shall we with question one. So again on the practices section, question one is worth one mark and we're using that same phrase, which one although of course they might also ask which one is not. So pay attention to the wording of the questions. So here we've got which one of the following is not part of the celebration of Easter. So just in case you aren't reading the questions carefully, um you know, make sure that you are because that's actually now asking you which one is not. So, which one is the odd one out? So, we've got a vigil service, a carol concert, stations of the cross, and Easter eggs. So, which is the odd one out? Well, of course, it is the carol concert because that would take place at Christmas, whereas the other three take place at Easter. So, always pay attention, as I say, to the wording of those questions. And again, our only preparation for them is to know our knowledge. So make sure you know your key words and make sure you've revised all the topics. Let's have a look at question two now which is asking give two reasons why pilgrimage is important for Christians. And this question is worth two marks. So a reminder that the command word give means to bullet point two facts. So you're going to summarize each one in a sentence. So I don't want to see the word because I don't want to see any development or elaboration. you are just bullet pointing to facts about the practice and in this case about the importance of the practice. So importance if that command word ever comes up just means why they do it. So what are the benefits of it? What are the reasons for doing it? So in terms of um pilgrimage on this exam we need to know about two places. We need to know about Lords in France and Iona which is a remote island off the coast of Scotland. So let's just quickly recap the two. Lords is a place of pilgrimage in France where the Virgin Mary appeared to teenager Bernardet 18 times. 70 miracles are believed to have taken place here. 5 million people go every year. In contrast, Iona is much quieter. Um it's a remote island off the coast of Scotland. It's described as the birthplace of Christianity in Scotland. It's a beautiful and quiet place where it's said to have a thin veil between heaven and earth because of that natural beauty. You can almost touch heaven. Um, and as I say, in contrast, only 130,000 pilgrims go there each year. So, in terms of the importance of pilgrimage, we just need to bullet point two facts. So I've said it brings Christians closer to God and it might be to seek spiritual or physical healing. So there are two reasons why Christians would go on pilgrimage. And that's all that I need to do in order to secure my two marks. Let's have a look at question three for practices. And for the practices section, we are going to be asked to explain two similar or contrasting ways of practicing something. So a little bit like on the themes paper when you are asked to explain similar or contrasting beliefs about something this question is asking you to think about the different ways that something is done. So how different denominations for example the Catholic Church and the Baptist church practice the same thing. So just to recap that the command word here is to explain which means go into detail. So you're going to be going into detail about the reasons for something or giving examples of it. Now my top tip with this is to always think about how different denominations do things differently. For example, Catholics have sacraments and Baptists have ordinances. So you've got the Catholic sacraments of infant baptism and eukarist whereas you've then got the baptist ordinances of um believers baptism and holy communion. But of course there are also other contrasting practices they could ask about for example comparing lords with Iona as places of pilgrimage. But our two key words in this question are to explain which means go into detail and then contrasting which means clearly different. So for this question, we're being asked two contrasting ways of practicing baptism. So I've put that Catholics practice infant baptism. This is where Catholic parents choose to have their newborn child baptized in order to wash away original sin and welcome them into the church. Whereas contrastingly, and it is really important you use that word as part of your answer just to emphasize that you are then explaining a contrasting way, baptists practice believers baptism. This is where an adult makes a public declaration of their faith in Jesus and is fully immersed in the baptismal pool. So it's the same thing baptism which is um where you are becoming a member of the church but it's done in a clearly different way. For Catholics it's as an infant whereas for baptists it's as an adult and as a result there are different features and there are different reasons for that. So for Catholics they want to wash away original sin as soon as possible. Whereas Baptist don't believe in original sin. So there's no rush. There's no need for the immediacy. Instead, they want it to be your own choice rather than something your parents have chosen for you. So with question three, when it asks for two contrasting ways, they need to be clearly different ways. And the key words to include in your response is contrastingly to signpost to the examiner that you've explained one way of doing it. Now you're going to explain a different way of doing it as well. Let's have a look at question four, shall we? Which is our five mark question. And remember, it will always ask us to refer to scripture as part of our explanation. So the command word again is to explain, which means go into detail about the reason for the belief or provide an example of it. And you can do that by using phrases such as this is because or this means that. And as I mentioned with question four, one of your explanations needs to refer to scripture or another source of authority. Make sure you state the source, for example, the Bible, and then summarize the teaching. So this question is is asking us to explain why evangelism is important. And remember we said before important means why you should do it, why it matters. So how do we approach this? Well, again, there are five things that we need to do in order to get our five marks. Let's talk through them. I've put that evangelism is important because it is commanded by Jesus in the Bible. So, there's my clear reference to scripture already. Jesus instructs his followers to make disciples of all nations. This is known as the great commission and teaches Christians they should spread the religion around the world. So there are my first three marks because I have very clearly explained why evangelism is important and I've done that by referring to scripture. I then need to put my second explanation in. So I've put evangelism is also important and I'm just showing the examiner that this is now my second point because I'm saying also because it means more people can achieve salvation. This is because some Christians believe that you can only be saved through faith in Jesus Christ and therefore want to share their faith with other people. So remember, evangelism is all about preaching the gospel and converting people to the religion. So they're doing that in order to save them. So again, I've got my key phrase there. This is because which again signpost to the examiner that I'm now elaborating. I'm now going into detail which means I can gain my marks. I can gain all five of my marks. Let's conclude then with a look at question five and again we are evaluating the statement. So the command word evaluate means to explain two arguments to agree with the statement then to explain two arguments to disagree before reaching a justified conclusion at the end. And remember, you want to be explaining, you want to use evidence, and you want to be evaluating within every paragraph. So, make sure you're using religious teaching and explaining how it is relevant to the argument being made. Remember that quotes can be paraphrased as long as you say where they are from. for that grade nine. Make sure that you're making those judgments on the arguments using phrases such as this argument is strong, weak, robust, convincing, and then explaining why that is. And again, this is a really important question to look at because it's a comparison question. So the question I've chosen is that lurggical worship is better than non- lurggical worship. So the phrase better than means that we're going to have to compare it with something else. So you're then as part of your disagree going to be saying that non- liturggical is either just as important or even more important. And just to recap on those key terms, lurggical means there is a set structure whereas non- liturggical is less formal. Um and again different denominations are associated with both. So lurggical we can associate with the Catholics whereas non- liturggical we could associate with the Pentecostal church. So let's have a look at how we could approach this answer for our agree arguments using evidence, explanation, and evaluation. I've put that some Christians agree as lurggical worship is the most traditional way of worshiping. So I'm going to say the fact that it is traditional makes it better. This is because it includes a set order of service and involves set prayers such as the Lord's Prayer that have been used for many years, I should say. Excuse me. Do pay attention to your spelling, punctuation and grammar in your 12 markers because you do get marks for them. I would not be getting those marks. Um and remember every mark matters when you are working towards a grade nine. So liturgical worship is therefore better because it provides consistency and has familiarity for Christians. I then want to develop it for a grade nine. Um I want to make some atonement for my spelling mistakes. This is a strong argument because the Lord's Prayer was taught by Jesus in the Bible, showing that it should be an important part of worship today. I then need another agree argument, don't I? So, Catholics also agree. Always great to be really specific about who would agree if you can. So, if you can refer to a certain denomination, do that. Catholics also agree as lurggical worship involves taking part in holy communion which is an important sacrament. In the Bible, Jesus used bread and wine to represent his sacrificial death on the cross. He taught his followers to do this in remembrance of me. Catholics therefore believe it is important to remember and commemorate the last supper as part of their worship. This is a strong argument based on Jesus's own command. So I'm saying that lurggical worship is better because it involves doing things Jesus wanted us to do. Whether that is praying the Lord's prayer or taking part in holy communion. How about my disagree arguments? Well, remember it's a comparison question. So I now need to compare with non-lurggical worship. Do I need to be explaining why non- liturggical is either just as good or that it's actually better than lurggical worship? So what have I said? Well, some Christians disagree because they believe both types of worship are equally valid. This is because lurggical worship may appeal to some people whereas others prefer the less structured approach of non-nurgical worship. I then need some evidence, don't I, to back that up. So, I've said in the Bible, Jesus teaches that where two or three gather in my name, I am there with them. This does not specify which type of worship, only that you should worship with others. Therefore, they are equal. And then finally, I need my second disagree. Some Christians disagree as non lurggical worship is more appealing to younger people. This is because it is more spontaneous with features including speaking in tongues and people sharing personal testimonies. This might be more attractive to younger people who prefer a more energized and spontaneous approach. I then need to evaluate. So I've said that this is a strong argument because Jesus taught to make disciples of all nations. So, I'm using that great quote about evangelism. Meaning, Christians should be finding ways to encourage more people to attend church. So, don't be afraid to bring in any quotes that you know that you think would strengthen your arguments. Just make sure you then explain how they are relevant to the argument being made. And then, because I've now explained and evaluated my agree and disagree, I can reach my conclusion. So, it's now time for my overall judgment at the end of the essay. So, in conclusion, I personally agree or disagree with the statement. This is because and then remember, you're either going to reaffirm the strongest argument from the essay or introduce a new one here. And that is the end of our exam practice today. I hope that's been helpful. Thank you very much for watching and good luck for your studies and exams.