okay let's talk about the femur and answer the questions what is the femur what are its primary bony landmarks and what are some reasons to learn about them hello everyone my name is Dr Morton and I'm the noted anatomist so to begin the femur is the principal bone of the thigh because there's the femur and in Latin that means thigh hence the name and some of the parts we're going to learn about the femur we're going to show them on this anterior View and posterior view of the femur on the right side so to begin with this proximal dome-shaped structure is called the head of the femur and the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the oscoxidiform are synovial hip joint next we have this little divot proximately on the head of the femur that's the fovea capitus and that's where the round ligament or ligamentum teres of the femur attaches next we have this neck which is at the bottom of the head and the neck of the femur makes this about 125 degree angle with the shaft of the femur and that's where a lot of the forces are transmitted of weight down from the trunk down into the thigh next we have this big bony prominence on the proximal and posterior part it's called the greater trochanter we see it on both the anterior and posterior sides of the femur big for muscle attachments so there's a greater trochantera like our gluteus medius gluteus Minimus piriformis Superior inferior gemellis muscles obturator internists and then from the front the obturator externus courses behind the neck and attaches to the greater trochanter so as you can see in this picture from Gray's Anatomy approximately on the greater trochantera lots of muscles attached to it now smaller is the lesser trochanter let me see both here and the lesser of trochanter is where the psoas major in iliacus as they course below the inguinal ligament become the iliopsoas muscles and that's what attaches to the lesser trochanter now we have this line right there that goes between the greater and lesser tubercles so it's called the inter trochanteric line and it this line which is shown right there in Orange is one of the attachments for the anterior part of the joint capsule of the hip joint now if we then do the right anterior to the right posterior part we see this Ridge or Crest that is between the greater and lesser trochanters they call it the inter-trochanteric crest also an attachment for the posterior part of the joint capsule but it also serves as an attachment for the quadratus femoris the courses from the ischium to the intertrochanteric crest now we have this little bumper swelling where the gluteus maximus attaches we call it the gluteal tuberosity and this illustration does not do a good job so there is a photograph and you can see a much better tuberosity there on the back and there's a gluteus maximus and there is superimposed the gluteal tuberosity where the gluteus Maxis attaches the rest of the Maximus goes to the IT band then we have this line on the back of the femur it's called the Linea line Aspera rough line again there is a the Linea aspra on a photograph to see it more prominently that's where attachments for the adductor longus brevis and Magnus and the vastus intermediate the vasus lateralis and medialis attach and the short head of the biceps femoris you can see those the red outlines show their attachments of muscles to the Linea Aspira right there now there is a condyle and we call the medial condyle and there is a condyle we'll call the lateral condyle and these are two condyles those femoral condyles articulate with the condyles of the tibia and the femoral and tibial condyles are going to make a hinge joint for flexion and extension of the knee joint um now between the two condyles we have a notch we call it the intercondular Notch and on the femur that's where attachments of the ACL and PCL occur so there's that intercondular Notch and there's the ACL and the PCL and then they attach to the intercondylar Eminence on the tibia okay so now we're going to see how we we're going to Pivot so we're now seeing the anterior view of the femur on the right side and there's this bony prominence on the medial distal part of the femur it's called the adductor tubercle and so there's our adductor Magnus in green like lime green or Jello I don't know why Jello it's green and there you see attachment to the adductor Magnus to the adductor tubercle and so there's also attachment on the linear aspirin between that is this space called the adductor Hiatus that's where the femoral artery and vein Traverse to get to the popliteal fossa to become the popliteal artery and vein now there is this above the medial condyle is this other condyle so they call it the medial epicondyle above the medial condyle and so when you look at the anterior view of the knee on the right side there's the medial collateral ligament also called the tibial collateral ligament it attaches to that medial epicondyle then we also have here a lateral epicondyle which looking at the same picture you can see this lateral epicondyle in yellow also called the fibular collateral ligament it attaches to that lateral epicondyle now if we zoom in there's a surface on the distal part of the femur on the front and that's where the patella sits so it's called the patellar surface now the patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and it forms within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle group and there's the patella in the Quadra on top and so the patellas in that and then that tendon inserts on the tibial tuberosity of the tibia and that my friends is the femur in a nutshell [Music]