chapter one welcome to your driving life this chapter is designed to prepare you to recognize responsibilities accompanying the privilege of driving review statistics about teams driving in crashes identify the characteristics of driving risk be accountable in various be accountable to various people and entities with your driving progress through the stages of graduated driver's licensing and make the most of parent guardan involvement in U learning to drive and also abide by the parent team driving agreement so we're going to do this pre-quiz you're going to see a pre-quiz with every chapter um you're going to have a series of questions and I ask that you type your answers in the chat box please type your answers in the chat box question number one what does gdl stand for does it stand for good driving lesson gear differential lock graduated driver's license glare dispersement lenses take a moment and keepy your answers in the chat box if you selected C graduated driver's license you are are correct two successfully completing a driver education course will guarantee that you become a safe driver a true B false put your answers in the chat box correct answer is B false question three nearly blank of all new drivers are either charged with a traffic offense or involved in a crash during their first 12 months of licensed driving a one quarter b 1 12 C 2/3 or D 3/4 correct answer is b 1 half question four new drivers tend to blank the risk involved in driving on any road a overestimate B underestimate C fully understand D pay no attention to please type your answers in the chat box correct answer is B underestimate question five driving coaches can be more effective if they a design and pre-drive appropriate routes for each sucession B properly demonstrate Maneuvers as needed C remain calm patient alert and professionally supportive or D all of the above correct answer is D all of the above all right so in this chapter we're going to talk about the driver's license the facts about team driving understanding risk accountability the graduated driver's license process driving driving reluctance and also will give you uh advice for new drivers all right information covered in this chapter pretty much an overview of the steps involved in earning a driver's license important facts about team driving judging risk parent and guardian involvement in team driving including guidance are for driving coaches But ultimately it's up to you although this chapter is U although this chapter gives information on how to assess and manage driving risk how well you apply is totally up to you do you think driving is a privilege you can explain your answer in the chat box do you think driving is a privilege all right what does it mean to have a driver's license to most people it means freedom to come and go when and where they please uh choices and opportunities being able to take a job or help with family Transportation but along with freedom and opportunities comes great responsibility so if I ask you why do you want to drive some of your responses may include to get to work to take part in school activities that require individual transportation to improve social activities with access to a vehicle to enjoy driving for its own sake and are there any others if there are any others please type your answers in the chat box or your responses in the chat box all right so let's take a closer look at what it means to have a driver's license and the responsibility that comes along with the privilege of driving ah the infamous driver's license what does it mean to have a license to drive to most drivers regardless of their age it means freedom to come and go when and where they please it means more choices and more opportunities but along with these benefits comes a lot of responsibility primarily the responsibility to drive safely every time you're in the highway transportation system North America has the largest and safest Highway transportation system in the world with more freeways traffic lights cars drivers more everything than anywhere else although it may seem complicated there are actually only three components to the highway transportation system roadways vehicles and drivers first is the system of over 4 million miles of roadways these roadways have been engineered to help traffic move efficiently and safely over every Mile with control devices where roads Cross or join together the roadway system features all types of roads on which people drive in all types of conditions the second component is the collection of vehicles that operate on us roadways all kinds of vehicles operate on the roads they operate at different speeds and are in different conditions from brand new to vehicles that need a little attention these differences can make for a complex driving environment to survive it we must know what other drivers might do and we need to be aware of our own Vehicles limitations and how to adjust to them the third element of the highway transportation system is the driver unfortunately drivers are not exactly the safest element more than nine out of 10 crashes involve driver error of course all drivers are different they vary tremendously in terms of skill knowledge judgment and driving habits as a result some are very safe and others are everything but safe many of the everything but are new drivers newly licensed 16-year-olds how do they compare with the average driver for every mile they drive they are 10 times more likely than an adult driver to have a crash even compared to 18-year-olds they're twice as likely to experience a crash why is this are new driver's maniac Daredevils no but Young Drivers tend to drive differently compared to experienced drivers they tend to drive too fast and pay less attention to driving plus their visual searching and space management skills are not as developed as experienced drivers and because of their inexperience young drivers make more mistakes behind the wheel like entering a curve a little too fast and going into a skid or failing to see a pedestrian who steps into the street or being distracted and not noticing that traffic has stopped all right what is the highway transportation system the highway transportation system is a complex system of federal state local and individual systems functioning together to provide a lowrisk and lawful driving environment let's look more closely at the HTS components starting with the RADS what type of Roads could you possibly drive on pavement gravel dirt City Urban Suburban country rural interstates highways what kinds of surfaces could you find yourself driving on concrete asphalt gravel dirt wet dry icy sand leaves pavement and snow covered roads oh what other features can be found along roadways that will affect driving risk signs signals and Road markings curbs Bridges ditches medians potholes roadside obstructions tight Corners heels darker shaded areas all right is there any sort of consistency among signs signals and Road markets in the highway transportation system there is a set of national standards that must be used when building and maintaining roadways in the US for example lines that appear between traffic going in opposite directions are yellow and that is everywhere all right now how roll with features such as guard rails testing let's take a look at one example showing us how guard ra guard rails are tested using actual crash testing here is a video of an actual crash test of the Guard ril system curreny of Texas A&M Transportation [Music] Institute though the guard rail itself was damaged as was the vehicle it help prevent the vehicle from moving off the roadway into a ditch or off the side of the bridge the second component of the highway transportation system are the vehicles that use it what different types of vehicles can you expect to share the road with sedans trucks sports cars Vans and minivans SC ERS bicycles sports utility vehicles subc compact cars classic cars motorcycles and mopeds How do vehicle manufacturers determine if their vehicle designs help prevent injuries to occupants and others they conduct a thing called crash test through expensive I mean though expensive to conduct conduct manufacturers perform crash tests to learn how effective their vehicles are in protecting their occupants here are two videos of actual crash tests both are courtesy of Volvo car Us full scale tests initia in [Music] countown oh sh here's another crash test this time is a rollover crash at 30 mil per hour so at 15 seconds you can see the driver's window curtain airbag deploy immediately and both front occupants stay contained in their seats [Music] sh it's the final component the final component of the highway transportation system are the road users themselves of all three components Road users are the most critical they have the greatest effect on the safety and operation of the highway transportation system drivers vary greatly they vary in terms of ter of skill knowledge judgment and driving habits all of these factors are essential if drivers are to use roadways and vehicles safely and effectively other than drivers what other types of Road users are you likely to encounter as you drive so examples would be bicycle users motorcycle users pedestrians animals those are the most common ones what does it mean to drive safely what behaviors are shown by safe drivers drivers must monitor other Road users and traffic control devices observe and anticipate the actions of other drivers pedestrians cyclists and animals no and comply with traffic regulations and also control your vehicle under all types of weather and rad conditions search for and obtain information from frequently changing environments decide how effectively decide how to effectively respond to various situations assess the consequences of alternative responses initiate action apply just adment as necessary and constantly repeat this process in some drivers must read the road they choose the right speed for right now keep their eyes up and their brain on they anticipate other Road users next moves and they keep the big donut of space around their vehicle one of the greatest responsibilities that come with a driver's license to to drive safely in ways that reduce risk of crashes anticipate prevent and manage additional demands on the road including increased speed dense traffic inclement weather distractions stress and fatigue any of these factors can lead to mistakes in situations that a driver is not prepared to handle which increases the risk of crashes often with fatal consequences how many people are killed each year in motor vehicle crashes historically each year in the United States more than 30,000 people die in vehicle crashes that's about equal to two to three fully loaded planes planes crashing every week or one large cruise ship sinking every month what per of all crashes are due to human error most crashes are prevent preventable but over 90% of all crashes are attributed to human error this this completing a driver education program and earning a driver's license mean that a person will drive safely and responsibly no learning how to drive well takes a long time and a lot of experience a license means that a person has demonstrated the basic knowledge and ability needed to control a motor vehicle research shows that on average it takes about 5 years for a new driver to reach the skills Levels exhibited by an average driver so pretty much you become average after about five years to truly become a good driver it takes even longer than that so once you finish this course you'll just be getting started what is the purpose of the highway transportation system the purpose is to move people and products from one place to another safely and efficiently what do you think are the most common causes of crashes involving team drivers you can place your responses or you can type your responses in the chat box all right what is the difference between number of crashes and crash rates number of crashes exactly that the precise number of crashes in a given time period example there were 200 crashes in our city last year with crash races the depends on how much someone drives the two drivers both have a crash and one drives 1,000 miles a year and one drives 10,000 miles a year who has the higher crash rate the driver who only drives 1,000 miles per year will have the higher crash rate on average a driver crashes once every 1,000 miles whereas the other driver crashes once only every 10,000 miles on average crash rate the chance of crashing over a specific number of miles driven example senior drivers experience a crash rate of approximately 400 crashes per 100 million miles driven that is for every 100 million miles driven by senior drivers there are only involved in about 400 crashes all right let's take a closer look at the rear risk faced by young drivers on the road today whereas experienced drivers more fully understand the risks involved in driving most new drivers do not at least when starting out unfortunately many of them learn about risk the hard way it's important for any driver to be continually gauging the level of risk because that helps you determine what adjustments you need to make make to your speed and your position on the roadway although it can be challenging for young drivers to determine the exact level of risk at any point on the roadway there are guidelines to help you assess risk more accurately and determine an appropriate response first recognize that risk is always present every minute you're behind the wheel you are at risk there's always a possibility that something can go wrong next understand that the actual risk at any point in time might not match what you perceive the risk to be unfortunately Young Drivers tend to underestimate the amount of risk they face at any point in time this can actually increase the chance of a collision that's why it's important to be realistic about your driving and understand that it will be years before you become an experienced or excellent driver third every road user affects the level of risk at any point in time depending on their actions drivers can either increase or decrease risk for themselves and other drivers the best approach to driving is to assume that other roadway users will always take the action that puts you at the most risk the final guideline is that anytime you're behind the wheel you have a variety of tools you can use to reduce your risk and the risk to others two of the easiest tools to use are your vehicle's speed and its position on the roadway relative to other vehicles it's important to realize that anytime you're behind the wheel you are in control you determine your speed you determine your vehicle's position and you determine how you interact with other roadway users the lessons of experience are powerful but they can be painful as well that's where driver education comes in it familiarizes you with the challenges of driving but in lowrisk environments driver education is an opportunity to learn much of the information and skills that you'll need to be a good driver and reduce your risks on the road it also points out some of the problems and challenges that new drivers use usually face behind the wheel it won't be easy driving may look pretty simple but if it were there wouldn't be millions of reported crashes each year what key behaviors are seen consistently in crashes determined to be the fault of a team driver speeding and driving too fast for the road condition and situations feeling to yield the right away being distracted while driving or not paying enough attention driving after consuming alcohol or other drugs following other drivers too closely what does the day of the week how does the day of the week affect a teen team's risk of Crash we weekends are more hazardous more than one half of all crashes voltin drivers occur on Fridays Saturdays and Sundays by the way what is risk why and how is it important to consider when driving risk risk is a chance of injury damage or losss associated with a driving situation a lack of awareness or ability to assess traffic or road conditions often result in late inappropriate or total lack of driver response all right how about the time of day are sometimes of the day risk other times of the day teams are twice as likely to crash between 9900 p.m. and 6: a.m. as they are during daylight more than onethird of teenage motor vehicle crash deaths occur between 6:00 pm. and midnight purpose and destination how might driving for a specific purpose and destination affect a team's risk of crashing teens Drive differently dependent on their destination risk a lore when a newly licensed young person driver is purposefully such as to and from home school work sporting events and other specific authorized activities and locations driving around without a clear purpose is more hazardous also how do crash rates differ depending on whether a team has exclusive access to a vehicle versus shared access to a vehicle so risk is significantly higher for teens who drive their own vehicle rather than a shared vehicle new team drivers who share one or more vehicles with other household members crash less than teenss who have their own car how does the severity of crashes involving teen drivers compared to the severity of crashes involving older drivers the severity of crashes involving teen drivers is greater than the crashes involving older drivers that is if a crash occurs the injuries to those involved can be expected to be greater compared compared to a crash in which an older person was driving what factors increase the likelihood of being killed should a crash occur nighttime driving fality rates of crashes involving teen drivers at night have been found to be more than three times the fatality rates of these types of crashes during the day speeding the fatality rate for crashes involving a speeding team drivers is approximately four times higher than for crashes in which the team driver was not speeding and passengers fality rates and crashes with a team driver carrying only team passengers have been found to be 50% higher than crashes in which a team was driving alone understanding risk think of a specific time you were considering taking a risk how did you decide whether to take the risk or not just think about it boys and girls you do not have to type anything in the chat box at this time examples so might assume a person will so well example of a risk and taking a risk example be may be if you look at the diagram you may or we may assume a person will a turn if that driver has that turn signal on or while stopped in traffic we may assume a driver ah here will start to move forward as soon as they can or we might assume an oncoming driver will let you turn across their path which would which would involve making a left turn overall it is far safer not to assume anything about another driver's intentions or their next move do not assume knowing the key characteristics of risk can help you assess and manage risk and it help it will help you access it more accurately and effectively so these key characteristics will include characteristic one you are at risk every minute you are on the road there is always a possibility of something could go wrong and collisions can occur along any type of roadway in most cases the risk of crashing in a city environment is about the same as the risk of crashing in areas such as rural or Suburban characteristic two new drivers tend to underestimate the risk involved in driving on On Any Road New RIS tend to believe I'm sorry new drivers tend to believe that the lihood of experiencing a crash is lower than it actually is and they are less likely to perceive threats and may pay less attention to their driver when drivers feel complacent or not concerned their crash crash risk increases and characteristic the read there are always actions you can take to reduce risk the Hallmark of skillful drivers is that they are always taking action to reduce their risk and the risk of other roadway users all right so we're going to talk about organizing your driving brain PDA all right step one to reduce risk is to perceive what does it mean to proceive proceive everything in the traffic scene by undertaking a systematic visual search including searching 20 to 30 seconds ahead your intended path of travel for objects and conditions that could increase your risk two be aware of available traction on the road surface also identify an alternate path of travel which is about 15 with 12 to 15 seconds ahead so you can steer out of trouble if a threatening situation develops step two to reduced risk is decide how can you make wise decisions use the information gathered from your visual search to make wise decisions this includes anticipating the possible actions of other Road users that could affect your risk what might they do next assessing the consequences of alternative responses determining the best course of action and step three act to reduce risk is to act what is involved in taking effective action carrying out your actions and Maneuvers can involve changing speed by decelerating breaking or accelerating adjusting position or Direction by changing lanes or turning communicating with other roadway users and last a combination of two or more of the above all right the first six that we talked about this is critical PDA receive decide act all right now we're going to talk about ipde they're all they all fall under the PDA proceed decide Act all right this one's called ipde identify predict decide execute in this model predict refers to the task of anticipate what another rule user might do in case you need to respond to a Manu all right next we have S pde which is search identify predict decide execute here search or scan refers to the fact that driv should be active indiv visual search moving their eyes in a consistent way to maximize their perception and next we have C SE search evaluate execute C is an alternative process that describes how driv should perceive and respond to the traffic scen to minimize risk all of these are useful and they all describe the same basic process you detect something for example carbo a box in the lane ahead of you you make the decision about the situation such as changing lanes to the left then you take the action in this instant safely change lanes to the left of the three steps proceive decide act which is most important the first step perceiving that is the most important you got to see it all right if you don't perceive something you never can make the decision or you never can decide or act so you never perceive it you never make it to step two or step three which would be decide or act if you don't see it there's no reason your brain will make a decision about it that is if you fail at step one you never even get to steps two and three how can you give yourself enough time to effectively complete the proceed decide act sequence always leave enough space between your vehicle and roadway users ahead to the sides and behind you this will give you time to make adjustments maximize your visibility of the traffic scene allow you to maintain sufficient space between you and other elements in the roadway all right what is your best friend on the road and what is your biggest friend on the road space space space we call that in the driver's education world a big donative space around your vehicle it's hard to hit anything when you have enough space around your car keeping in enough space around around your vehicle is the biggest difference between good drivers and poor drivers all right what groups of rules have you personally oh man I'm sorry what groups have rules that you personally must follow as a driver and what happens if you don't follow them we're going to talk about that now what groups of people now I know you may be thinking about the first thing that come to your mind is the police department or laws set by our local government the Sheriff's Office traffic control or whatnot also we got to think about parents all right we're talking about your local government which could which could consist of police department um traffic control and parents a lot of parents um they set curfews or they they they they set up um contracts between parent and child okay and if you fail to follow those directions the parent can and they have the right to revoke your driving privileges all right also other consequences could include citations uh most of you call those tickets or or fines all right or getting your license taken away or Keys taken away by a parent and restriction of your driving privileges it's all about accountability in what ways are you accountable to administrative rules and expectations all right the driving privileg is earned through your State's Division of Motor Vehicles or DMV or other similar name agencies driving is not a privilege I mean I'm sorry driving is a privilege and not a right driving is a privilege and not a right you do not have the right to drive it is a privilege and that privilege can be taken away given that you do not follow the rules set forth by the department of Motor Vehicles all right the license the license the agency is authorized to Grant the license renew the license suspend the license or revoke the license who owns your driver's license the state owns your license the state gives it to you after you have demonstrated that you have the skills and the maturity to drive safely State can take back that license for various reasons it is totally up to you to keep that license all right what penalties could be applied to drivers who do not obey traffic laws so obeying traffic laws is a way of being accountable to the judicial system if drivers fail to obey traffic laws judges can impos FS or points could be placed on your driving record so the point system is the number of points on a driver's record that governs the type of action to be taken also community service the judicial system could impose community service in jail time depending on the offense all right loss of your Li driver's license or your driving privilege other penalties and sanctions the state criminal court system is responsible for hearing cases related to moving violations in what ways are you accountable to other citizens if someone is injured or killed as a result of a traffic incident in which you are involved and found to be at fault you can't be sued this can involve having to pay hundreds and thousands of dollars for medical bills pain and suffering and other losses you can be sued for more for far more money than your insurance agency May pay and in what ways are you accountable to your parents or Guardians so you are especially accountable if you're not 18 years old but you might be accountable even if you are when you are living under another person's roof at their expense and driving a vehicle someone else owns you have obligations so parents and Guardians can impose additional rules and curfews that you must obey plus you need your parents or Guardian permission to start to learn to drive as a minor you may be you may be used to thinking that your parents Bear all of your financial and legal responsibility for your beh behaviors but that has changed all right that that changes when you become a driver you will be personally um you will be personally and penalized for all traffic violations okay you can be held responsible for damaging property and you will face the consequences for a crash that injures or kills another person there two things you already know about the process or requirements to get a driver's license in your state you can you can uh type those responses in the chat box at this time list two things you already know about the process or requirements to get a driver's license in your state which would be North Carolina all right moving on graduated driver licensing all right what is graduated driver's license also known as the gdl this is an approach to ease new drivers into safe driving by providing practice and skilled development under lowrisk conditions it allows new drivers to gain experience under relatively low conditions before driving alone in high-risk conditions new drivers gradually proceed through stages of Licensing before becoming fully licensed how does gdl work new drivers are allowed to begin driving under under a comprehensive set of restrictions as they become more experienced and demonstrate skills and maturity needed new drivers are allowed to continue driving under fewer and fewer restrictions why do states have gdl for new drivers so the gdl what it does it reduces team crashes injuries and deaths it allows beginning drivers to gain the skills experience and judgment necessary for becoming reduced risk drivers it also allows parents Guardians and mentors to play an important role in these learning and Licensing efforts all right what is typically required during the learner permit period typically so the requirements will be successfully completing a driver education program and boys and girls you are on your way now to completing a driver education program because you are now enrolled in in the driver's education program program under the state of North Carolina which requires you to have 30 hours of classroom um time also 6 hours behind the wheel also learn basic driving skills under the supervision of a license instructor and or adult licensed driver may drive only when accompanied by a qualified supervising driver may be restricted from having any additional passengers or from driving During certain hours of the day many jurisdictions require 50 or more hours of supervis driving with a parent guardian or other adult Mentor before undergoing testing or earning an immediate license must typically remain free of moving violations and at FAA crashes for several months or more and zero cell phone use all right um and no VI no I'm sorry no traffic violations or any moving violations in order to advance to the next stage of the gvl all right so let's learn more about driver education and how it fits into the learning to drive process and some keys to safe driving that will um that you will learn in driver education maneuvering your car keeping it on the road turning corners and handling curves that's the easiest part doing these things while you're keeping up with everything going on outside your vehicle is where it gets really tricky experienced drivers learn to monitor potential trouble areas using their eyes effectively while still concentrating on the road ahead but new drivers often find it harder to actively scan the environment identifying the important things and ignoring the others let's show you what we're talking about here's an exercise to test your powers of observation over a span of about 20 seconds different colored words will appear on the screen your job is to count the number of red words that appear ready 3 2 1 go how many red words did you count if you counted 10 red words you were correct what about behind the words what did you see in the background did you see the school bus how about the police officer did you catch the guy on the bicycle how about the railroad crossing sign did you see the construction zone sometimes drivers can miss the obvious if you're too focused on one task you might miss something else important in the driving scene ahead here's another one just read the sign that appears next what did the sign say really let's take another look did you miss any words the first time I love Ohio in the the springtime at times it's very important to see the details sometimes you can see something only briefly and then the brain goes ahead and completes the message but sometimes the detail is not brought out for your additional consideration overall you need to balance the need to see the details and the need to maintain a visual sense of the entire traffic scene around you seeing effectively is not easy but it's the key to safe driving communicating your presence and plans to other drivers by signaling is also a big part of safe driving but not everyone has time to communicate so it's up to you to maintain a clear space around your vehicle the space between you and the car ahead is critical it gives you time to react to sudden stops and speed changes and helps you be a safer and smoother driver maintaining clear space in other areas is important too such as space to the side and behind and having enough space to enter traffic seeing signaling space and and the last of the s's is speed it wipes out a lot of new drivers good driving is knowing when it's safe to drive the speed limit and when you really should drive more slowly like here and here these good driving practices seeing signaling space and speed management can help keep you out of trouble earning the privilege of driving is exciting it may not be that long before you'll legally be able to drive on your own but it's also serious in fact for most young people driving is their first true adult responsibility complete with real world consequences unfortunately many new drivers don't take driving as seriously as they should and they drive in a risky manner as a result motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for teenagers although some people view driving as a right they're wrong drivers have to earn the privilege of driving and those who don't drive safely will lose that privilege and going back to previous modes of transportation after you've earned your license can be a real Downer driver education is mainly about minimizing your risk and the risk to others it's also largely about prevention specifically preventing collisions having a crash can have a serious impact on you including vehicle damage increases in insurance premiums loss of your license or Worse injury or loss of life this course can't guarantee that you'll make it through the first year without a crash nothing can do that what it can do is improve your odds oh driver restriction nearly every state prohibits intermediate license holders from driving During certain nighttime hours Also may be prohibited from transporting young passengers during the IM uh during the intermediate uh licensing stage is critical for Learners to understand the risk of passengers based on age when a new license driver is accompanied by passengers under 21 crash crash risk regly uh increases however with older passengers the opposite occurs their risk is dramatically reduced many jurisdictions require drivers to be free of at FAA crashes and moving violations for a specified number of months before being eligible for a full license when are young people eligible for full license they are eligible after meeting the requirements of the inter um intermediary um licensing stage typically the gdl requirements Ends by the age of 18 also our DMV dri's handbook for North Carolina it is great for this information and we will be um visiting that throughout this course so um make sure that you um download that information what is one possible reason a young person might delay learning to drive so it could be because they may not have a vehicle they may feel nervous parents may not let them or they simply can't afford or just don't want to pay the high cost of insurance all right reasons why young people might delay the drive we talked about the expense of owning a car and insurance um some people may be committed to using public transportation or environmental reasons it may feel nervous if you're feeling nervous to the point of anxiety and you are frightened at the thought of driving you may be experienced the phobia which is a of driving you may be afraid of hurting someone as a result of a driving error or concerned about being harmed yourself and it's um normal to feel that way uh most people do have a healthy fear of of learning new things however if you are avoiding learning to drive because of fear talk to your parent or or another trusted adult all right with help you may be able to move past your anxiety and become Su successful in a functioning driver all right advice for new drivers all right if your best friend was about to get behind the wheel for the first time what advice would you give them you feel feel free to type your responses in the chat box all right things to remember advice what advice should you remember as you begin your driving career first of all it is normal to be nervous you might be anxious about learning to drive and the person is helping you um might be on edge don't take it personal expect to make mistakes that's a part of the learning the process uh for your driving ability to grow and improve your Mentor or your coach would need to correct you and as best as you are able do not view their ass assistance as yelling uh ask questions when you're confused or unsure what your Mentor expects of you also understand the difference between comfortable and ready you might not feel especially comfortable driving healthy traffic for example but if your a coach or your driver instructor exposes you to a challeng challenging driving environment it more than likely means that the person believes that you are ready to take it on all right minimize distractions um during your driving um sessions everyone's cell phone should be turned off and out of sight learn to predict other driver's behaviors your coach or instructor might ask you what you think another road user would do in a certain situation this is his or her way of determining whether you are looking and are you um assessing your decision making abilities also fight any Temptations U that you might feel to end their driving session because of frustration always remain calm and um do the best that you can try to regroup and continue practice deep breathing to reduce stress and U make sure you document your time and celebrate your success all right that is the end of chapter one that is the end of chapter one e e e