hello and welcome to the history crew channel in this video we will explore the topic rise of africana nationalism let us start by looking at the beginnings of africana nationalism this is a very complex story which begins with the first european settlement at the cape in 1652 the cape was at first under dutch rule but after the british took over in the 1800s the descendants of the first european settlers were already developing their own identity which was still linked to europe but now unique they resented being under british control and eventually emigrated from the cape and identified themselves as four trekkers in time they established their own boa republics in the interior of south africa now that they had stopped and established their own republics another new identity was formed they began to see themselves are afrikaners or boers afrikaner is essentially defined as a white person who was born and is native to southern africa white afrikan is living in the boer republics of the transvaal and orange free state developed a strong sense of africana national loyalty and resisted british control and influence they also believed that afrikaners had a special history as people chosen by god during the great trek of the 1830s at this point in history the afrikaners were not really united as an afrikaner nation the south african war forced the afrikaners into unity afrikaners took up arms together in the war against the british the afrikaners were defeated in this war and were very upset by this especially of how africana women and children were treated in the british concentration camps over 27 987 afrikaner civilians died in these camps 22 000 of whom were children under the age of 16. the africana nationalist movement built unity around this common heritage of oppression at british hands britain was then keen to compromise with the afrikaners after the war and one of the ways they did this was to create the union as a self-governing country although it was part of the british empire in the newly created union the afrikaners wanted a greater say in what they saw as their country they formed the national party in 1914 to promote white africana interests and was led by jbm herzog a former bower general and afrikaner politician in 1924 the national party won the elections and herzog became prime minister the national party government began to immediately take steps to protect the africanas afrikaans was recognized as an official language and in 1928 a south african flag was adopted which included the flags of the former boa republics the government also introduced policies to protect white workers and ensure that whites were given the better paying and skilled jobs thousands of black workers lost their jobs and were replaced by white workers in departments such as the railways during the depression in the 1930s the government made special efforts to help poor africanas who were referred to as poor whites the afrikaner government stressed their shared afrikaner identity unskilled white workers were also given opportunities to increase their skill level by doing extra courses once they had passed the examinations their improved qualifications enabled them to improve their standard of living black workers were not given such opportunities in the 1930s afrikaner identity and afrikaner nationalism grew stronger afrikaners were united by their own special history language and culture they placed a great emphasis on history as a means of creating an afrikaner identity afrikaner nationalists established several organizations to promote these aims the brodeband founded in 1918 was the driving force behind the growth of africana nationalism it was a secret organization which wanted to end the english domination of the economy and to get an afrikaner nationalist government into power which would cut ties with britain and make south africa a republic the federation of afrikaans cultural organizations was established by the brodeband to support africana cultural activities it made sure that africana cultural activities promoted nationalism one of the organizations under its control was the afrikaans language and cultural organization afrikaner cultural organizations such as the vortrekkers and the nudhalpliga were established to promote and support the afrikaner way of life afrikaners also preferred to use their own organizations the rest of the country was also affected when an afrikaans anthem dye stem became the national anthem what you must understand from this is that the afrikaners are taking measures to protect their identity and way of life in 1938 the brodeband organized a centenary trek to commemorate the great trek of 100 years before afrikaners from around the country joined processions of volkswagen's journeying to pretoria where thousands gathered to witness the founding of the fortrex monument which was used to commemorate the foretrekkers who left the cake colony it is a building which serves as a museum and glorifies africana history and achievements at the time the celebrations inspired such strong afrikaner nationalism that some people even wore their traditional dress to work excited crowds dressed in vortrak address welcomed the procession as it approached towns and cities streets were then renamed after four trekker heroes this event was a great success for africana nationalism because it created unity between the afrikaners and helped develop a strong desire for nationalism from this pride the oxwagon guard was formed at the event and was supposed to be another cultural organization but it became extremely political and extremist later on all of these organizations and commemorations promoted the idea that white afrikaners were a unique and special vocal people with their own language religion and history that needed to be promoted and defended the national party and the africana cultural and economic organizations deliberately promoted the idea of white afrikaner unity this was stressed especially through the afrikaans language the dutch reformed church and political loyalty to the national party this idea of white afrikaner unity and difference from other south africans was evident in firstly in education white africanas were deliberately taught that being white made and superior the history which was taught was biased and glorified afrikaner achievements only this became known as christian national education afrikaner newspapers and publications by the nationalist press also promoted these ideas among the volk secondly in the labor sector white africana workers were encouraged to join afrikaner trade unions such as the spurband for railway workers in order to protect white workers thirdly white afrikaners were discouraged from belonging to foreign or english-dominated churches such as the anglican methodist or catholic churches instead loyal afrikaners were expected to belong to the dutch reformed church which supported the national party fourthly in the economic sector separate afrikaner financial institutions were established such as volkska's bank and sanlam building society the aim was to assist afrikaners financially in a capitalist economy that was dominated by english-speaking white people do not forget that the even though the afrikaners are regarded as whites they did not want any ties to the english-speaking whites especially after the south african war an act of rescue fund was formed to support new africana businesses with financial support these ideas of affirmative economic action and a sense of racial supremacy formed the background to the policy of apartheid after world war ii more white africana voters joined the purified national party that had been established in the 1930s to promote a purer form of africana nationalism this party was voted into power in the 1948 election the leader of this party and the new government was df malin he said in the past we felt like strangers in our own country but today south africa belongs to us once more for the first time since union south africa is our own may god grant that it always remains our own africana nationalism had now been achieved and now there was a government in power dedicated to breaking ties with britain advancing the economic and political power of white afrikaners through affirmative action and introducing a strict system of segregation designed to preserve and extend white domination many of malin's government were members of the brodaband and even supporters of hitler's nazi party ideology so it would come as no surprise when the apartheid government enforced laws similar to nazi laws from 1948 onwards and thus africana nationalism had been achieved many historians will argue that it is the right for all people to identify themselves as a part of a nation however africana nationalism was developed and achieved by repressing the right of other racial groups in south africa and the creation of apartheid in south africa thank you for watching this video and please remember to subscribe to the history crew channel hola ola ladies and cheetahs i go by the name of jose former history student filmmaker and musician publication this is a message for the history crew guys use the time that you guys have now use it wisely you'll never ever ever ever get this time back use it wisely study hard i know it's boring i was once a student myself trust me anyway guys take care of yourselves study hard god bless enjoy the rest of the year you