hi everyone coming to the topic of the day API 600 you all understand people from here with the value industries are aware that the whole industry is controlled governed by the code set standards there are standards committees like asme ASTM api is so BS then who regulates the valve manufacturing and application and the usage so there are product standards released by various committees so we are going to talk about all API 600 API stands for American Petroleum Institute it releases a lot of product standards releases testing standards and qualification standards it is very important for all of us involved in the valley in some form or other to have a good command on the standard what we are going to see in this session next 45 minutes is going to see a product presentation on gate valve in conjunction with epi 6 central and see how the standard you know mandates certain requirements for design manufacture inspection string marking and up to the end stage of packaging if you want to have a command on any subject it is important that you need to have the understanding of the codes and standard governed by the subject so it is important that everyone understand the intent of the standard you know you will be able to appreciate the features basically gate valves can be classified broadly as voltage bonnet and pressure seal design based on the conception of the body bonnet joint I have the name implies bolted bonnet the connection between the body and the bonnet is flange which is bolted by needs of a fully threaded track and of course you have a gasket this design is called boarded bonnet on the other hand you will find the pressure seal design which employs the internal pressure to seal the gasket and provides a sealing to the atmosphere and this joint this pressure seal design you will not find any joint sand joints like what you see in the water bonnet it is quite compact and this is popular in larger sizes so this is a too broad category and what we are going to see is the API 600 which talks about sizes half an inch to forty two each there is another a pay standard called a page 6.2 which basically quatre compact small size half an inch to four inch and class one fifty two thousand five hundred there is yet another API standard 6.3 which is again were to talk about half an inch to 24 H and specifically for stainless steel middle of construction so our discussion is going to be more confined to the API 600 C the current standard for API 600 is 13th edition in jan 2015 14 edition under accessibility and it is expected in this year and as I told you this standard is applicable for voltage bonded 8 twice and this standard provides guidelines related to design material selection testing an examination marking and preparation for shipment so this is the entire standard and let's see how the product features are covered dictated by the standard typically the applications of the API 600 gate files as the name implies it's basically designed for the refineries and petrochemical industries and of course you will find application in power plants water industries other process industry by and large a trial is one of the most popular values to the industry this is just typical a gate valve cross-section basically a gate valve is a linear motion path where the bridge moves perpendicular to the flow to start or stop the fluid and you have the body and bone which forms the pressure containing part you have the disk which is the witch and the seat rings or tapered seating and tapered birch which forms the heart of the valve which provides the ceiling and the connection between the body and the bonnet is blanched and through the bolts and of course to have a leakage to prevent the leak into that muscle you need to have a gasket okay so this is a flange or joint with a gasket and you have a stem which helps to move the disk up and down to open and close and we have a stuffing box arrangement which provides a system of packing to prevent a leak a to the atmosphere and you have the operator at the top this is basically a construction of a gateway and this gate rail is best suited for on-off application either fully open awfully close it is not suitable for intermediate positions or for any throttling the reason Pete when the disk is lifted off from its closed position it is unsupported and due to the flow the disk is unsupported this will have a chattering and this will cause the internal damage to the system and other components hence it is not recommended for throttling though some people in the power industries use it for a into duty for a short period of time it's a bi-directional valve and purely metal seated valves so suitable for a high pressure high temperature application the disadvantage is that it is slow acting and if you see the stroke length required to open the valve is equal to the bore size since it is a slow-acting and it cannot be used there you need to have a fast action and it is also bulkier and requires a lot of headroom nevertheless since it is offer a metal-to-metal seated since it offers a tight shut off it's best suited as an on/off Val and very popularly used at the refinery issues typical constructions is there we see the features of this bizarre is the closest covered in the EPI standard so basically this is a stuffing box arrangement you have this bond and busan at sea terrain but here and what you see here is this term verge connection let's see the details in the coming slides basically this standard API 600 will cross refer to several standards though it talks about design manufacture it does refer to under this standard be sixteen point one zero for face to face it refers through standard sixteen point five and sixteen point four seven for the N flanges 16.25 for the but word ends and it a finite t8 or ISO fight to not date for pressure testing let's start the session with overview of these standards any valve part any standard from here it is a product standard or qualification standard or testing turret the most important class is the scope the scope of the standard will define what that particular standard is for and it also defines what all applicable in that standard so if you take the API six hundred standard scope it says very clearly the standard specified requirements for every Duty series bolter bonnet steel gate valves for petroleum refinery and related applications where corrosion erosion and other service conditions would indicate a need for full port opening heavy bolt sections and lifetime this is the scope in that scope it also covers what size range it is talking about it in this standard it talks about size from NP is one-inch to NP s 42-inch and pressure classes starting from class 150 to $2,500 this standard also talks about what type of for gate fires are covered so it says its covers bullet bonnet it covers outside screw and the you rising stems nan raising hand wields a single or w8 which are parallel CT metallic seating surfaces there is no soft seating it doesn't cover soft return flange not button it so these are the types are on which the standard is the world now let's understand what are these terminology we spend some time on the bolted bonnet so I know I am NOT going to take you through that outsides through as a name implies the screws outside and you will find that non raising and when you rotate the hand wheel we still is rising the hand wheel is an odd racing this is called outside screw non raising and we all the other hand you will find a screw inside and the both the stem as well as the and wheel are not racing in this case okay so this is basically inside screw then the standard talks about the bolted bonnet and the pressure sealed aside so we discussed about deported and pressure see very briefly pressure seal design is where you will find that line pressure is utilized to create a tight body bonnet see you will find a cross Rafaela gasket which is compressed between the retainer ring and the bonnet which provides the ceiling higher the pressure higher be silly this is popular in high pressure classes and of course the API 610 Edition covered ie the pressure sealed design but now there is another standard which talks about the pressures is designed and it is outside the scope of a PS accelerants then the standard also talks about different types of gates that can be used in this I talks about solid wedge it could be a flexible wedge parallel slide and different designs so we will talk about in detail when we see the cross on disc the standard also refers to a semi be sixteen point three four four pressure temperature ratings so all peak class ratings are covered by this particular standard this standard also talks about the wall thickness for a different pressure classes it also talks about the what class flanges in flanges should be there what class lady inside you should be there there are two but classes are available for use in a basic standard what is the standard class another is the special class the special class is allows you to use a slightly higher pressure for a given temperature and this is possible but you do a certain NB or the body so which will help you to use a higher pressure classes the class v in the api 600 talks about the design design of body bonnet everything so in this case the 5.1.1 talks about the body wall thickness so you know any pressure containing part wall thickness is very important and all the product standards regulate the wall thickness based on their own experience and based on their allowances required so now this standard covers the wall thickness for different sizes different classes in the table one so one has to select minimum one thickness from this and add to it additional based on their crosses requirement okay and the standard is also very clear additional metal thickness needed for assembly stresses stress concentrations shapes other than circular can't be determined by individual manufacturer since these are all very factors so the standard says when you are going to use the over shaped bonnet you know then you know you cannot use the minimum wall thickness you need to have a additional factor to contain the deflection so the standard is very clear and talks about all these requirement the class 150 the oval shape bonnet will be applicable for class 150 because the face to face should be shorter so you cannot have a circular flanges which will actually protrude the face to facers so generally standard says that the class 151 shall have a over shelter body bonnet joint all other classes will have a circular joint now let's talk about the wall thickness comparison between the various standard so we saw ApS 600 standard table 1 gives the minimum bar thickness for example if you take a 10 inch of al-ardi and 250 mm for a class 300 the standard IPE 600 says the minimum wall thickness should be 19.1 leave it a semi 60.3 for also gives a wall thickness for a different inside diameter for a 250 millimeter it gives our own goal point eight millimeter okay and I've just compared the various wall thickness here and I've also taken wall thickness calculation as per asme section eight which is for the pressure pressure so if I had to treat treat the wall body as a circular vessel and calculate what is the wall thickness for a given material I will arrive at 7.2 16.3 for use 12.8 and api 600 gives 19 point 1 millimeter thus you will see that a pair 601 thickness is almost 150 percent of the sixteen point three four and again sixteen point three four you will find that again it is almost double that offer or a 90% off for ninety percent more than P yes of me why this additional thickness is given by API six center because to take care of the corrosion effects of the refinery in fact talks about different material starting from carbon steel do annoy steel stainless steel so carbon steel materials need to have some sort of corrosion olives where a stainless steel doesn't need but nevertheless it's the standard top support all the material it has a safety factor and gives a higher thickness in fact the pressure myself port if you do the calculation seven point two is required sufficient for withstanding the pressure of class 150 which is to 85 psi so one need to recognize these things when you are specifying sometimes the corrosion elements in the order sometimes you have to reconcile the fact that standard has got higher factor of safety there's no point in adding additional corrosion relevance in thereby you're increasing the cost of the product this 5.3 top support dimensions it talks about the various dimensions face to face we saw it here we see that the standard talks about flange in flange what should be the standard for loaded 16.5 covers up to 24 inches and 16.47 or larger than 24 inch there is a size cdza and Series B the difference is aunty compactness AC this thickness will be less and woody will be less it say this is selected by the end-user while ordering the value and similarly there are different configurations available it could be a flat fleece or it could be a race pace or it could have a socket where you have a real tight joint can be used it depends on the application and depends on the pressure media one who to specify the requirement of the interaction and when it is the button twice then there is a standard 16.25 which governs and it talks about of edge preparation based on different bite thickness onto which the buyer is going to be welded so typically all will have a sort of a root face or two which sort of a root penetration building will be done there will be approval on the flange end as well as the pipe end and you will find that builders root penetration built and which gives a sort of a leak tightness the standard also talks about the Cebu seat bore a very important word amateur around which the entire valve is if the bore is less than the wild size will be give me a compact if the board is for the wild size will be more this standard says what should be the minimum what the minimum bore for each and every classes each and every sizes larger than 32 inch it res refers to the table given in the standard whereas it refers to sixteen point three four for all other sizes and all of the pressure classes then no plus five point six talks about the gate design it says it could be a single piece wedge or a solid or flex which until in this specific for the customer so it permits is of solid and flex picture it also says you can have a split wish to bridge it could be either split which kate or the parallel see let's see where each type of the gates are produced now this is more popularly used in smaller sizes solid bridge is the single wedge type is recommended for use in the oil gas it is preferred for slurry and AV through liquids it can also be used in steam services where you know the double or a split which post some chattering problems having said that the solid wedge it has got tendency to thermal binding when you close a gate valve with bridging action we're in hot condition and a little bit to cool then what happened the body contracts and then we will have a binding on the ball disc so that binding will lead to sort of a strength failure if you are trying to forcefully remove it so this you overcomes this only people have gone in for other designs like parallel design or flex page okay so this what you see here on this is the Flex which the shape of the disc is similar to two wheels connected by a short axle actually strong enough to hold both wheels okay the advantage of this is it can't take off miss slide miss element both these bridges have a seat ring which is tapered right this is that's why it's called a rich kid one so the seat rings are tapered and for a perfect sealing you need to have both seat ring and a wedge perfectly machined the angle has to be perfectly matching otherwise you'll not have the ceiling so in case of large sizes in case you expect some pipe deflections this wedge gate valve will not take the minor misalignments whereas the flexible wedge can take the misalignment and also it will not lead to thermal binding you know this is the advantage of this the Flex by the solid which can be used in any direction there's no size orientation now similarly flex which also can be more today than any direction but when you have a split which like what you see here which has got a sort of a ball-and-socket seat which has got a independencies so this is the discs are free to adjust to the ceiling again it will take care of a minor misalignment these two seats are independent and when you force it you will have that seats discs are having contact with the seats so this is sensitive towards the orientation is preferable to mount with a still minor vertical direction then let's move to the the parallel or double dislocate well as the name implies it it consists of two independent discs and they are forced apart by a simple closure mechanism a spreader mechanism which is basically provided by a coil spring over here it can take care of a sort of a misalignment of these seats either due to the piper deflection or you do the thermal contraction on that's why this is very popularly used in high temperature applications having said that now people do come back two flicks switch for high-pressure application a temperature replicator also a simple fact that this is flex which has got less number of components you have a single piece which and then connected with this Tim whereas here you will have a number of companies more to our disk then coil spring and then you have a arrangement to retain it and still there is a connection so people do prefer parallel slide over - we prefer bridge over to Paris right in former industries also similarly in refinery also now people have started specifying the panelists like the difference is that the parallel slide valves are position seated whereas the flex bridge Redshaw are taught seated so you need to clearly understand the difference between those two things then we go on to the class on gain ribbon guide slots at last five point six three very clearly says body and gate shall have guide surface to minimize the fear of the seat during the operation of our to accurately position the gate throughout the travel distance to ensure alignment of the gate and step in all orientation without gate binding or galley now the standard 13th edition also talks about the largest size is larger than 24 inch the gate should be hard faced so that even and it is mounted in horizontal orientation it doesn't cause any operational issues having said that let us also I understand that larger size pads when we are going to order it is always better to inform the manufacturer about the orientation if particularly if you are going to have it in a horizontal orientation so that you can take care of it the manufacturing so preferably its orientation with some vertical is always preferred the orientation part I just want to share with you the API six one five which talks about the guidelines for my refinery miles it has before even if I have 600 13th edition introduced across on the heart facing for larger sizes this standard recognized that when valsa large sized valves are used in horizontal orientation stem horizontal it can result in the kockenlocker syndrome where the discs equate to Canda hung against the body and cause a sort of damage during operation so that's why I kept saying that largest sizes when you are going to have a still orientation other than the vertical it is better to inform the custom manufactures so that he can address that in the design manufacturing and testing to give an example a customer and ordered a 72 inch and 60 for each valve for a flag gas application and said that vial is going to be morbid with still upside down so the V as a manufacturer took care in the design and the manufacturer industry and surprised the pass which is working satisfactorily on the other hand another customer at the release ordered a 42 H valve and mounted in the flat gas line again but at a different orientation like this is what you see here and what was what does have what has happened is this valve became inoperable and when they tried to operate it they got the stim built so that's why I said that orientation though the standard says 24 inch on table you need to have odd VC it is better to inform the manufacturer prior the commerce on 5.8 talks about still more instrument design what are the standard says I just grabbed a de marido system design shall be such that the strength of this tend to gained connection and the part of the stem which is the filefish upon breach shall and an axial load exceed the strength of the stem at the root of the operating thread but confusing let me put it very in simple terms we all saw that wedge gate well has got tendency to get some thermal found in case if the disc is jammed and if one tries to operate the open the valve and the design is not such it can fail here like what you see in one of the competitor valves it has failed at the bottom then what happened that this could be remaining in closed position but you will see that while this film is moving up and operator may take that Wireless opanka where in the discuss you remained it the course that my standard says if at all any failure should occur it should occur outside the body bonded joint so that physically you can see the failure so this is a typical case of LNT valves where we have designs you could see the ample love yet and the design is such that if you fail only outside the portable so one has to look for these sort of crosses compliance in their bands what you order the standard also talks about what should be the rare travel endeavors you know which gate well due to wear and tear their discs can move down and if proper wear Elevens is not dead and you lose the life of the so this found out very clearly says what should be the where elements minimum need for each size it is all tabulated it is up to the manufacturer to have a higher by relevance and this also sometimes reflected in these term projections so one can inspect the stem projection rather than internals it is difficult to inspect the Varela once with the disc and the seat in the position there is another class of the standard talks about design the stem strength shall be considered when calculating the maximum input force from the hand wheel and gearbox if he cubed in accordance with ms SSP 91 in accordance with the maximum drill put specified by the purchaser I just want to spend some time on this this standard and mercis SP 91 thoughts about the momentary force which is required for unseating and seating the well many a times you will find out the customer specification will specify a clause like this maximum operator force required to see it or unsee the val at maximum specified differential pressure shall not exceed 360 mutants okay and sometimes you know some of the know we find that human operators are operating the plant and there is a requirement to have a lesser effort so there are specification which calls for 250 buta so what we have to remember and mind is that when a val is to be operated like multi turn by allocate one then during the 90 percent of these growth you don't need a much force you need only force to overcome the frictional forces which is happening between that land pocket only at the near closing or opening you need a momentary force so designing a value to unseat on seed to 360 Newton will lead to higher size unit or a larger size and me and imagine if that compliance is to be ensure and select a gear hundred or and be larger and in the actual practice then there is a leakage of val in the e plant what is the tendency of the operator the tendency of the operator is to apply more force and our affiliation but if the process what happens you damage the gear train what you see here is a strain bend on a gate world which has been designed to compare to the particular standard so that is why o this standard in a 600 though it is not specifically coming out but it's ugly says that you can use MSS SP 91 so it is very important when you specify I think incorporate that momentary force also into the specification section 5.9 talks about the packing and stuffing box the standard says the minimum fight packing so people will ask can I use more than five packings but it has been found a graphite packing systems the combination packing which is 3d molded and top and bottom are braided gives a excellent performances so it's enough if we need to have a fight packing it also talks about the shape of the packing it should be square or it can be rectangular or trapezoidal cross sections and it talks about the surface finish what is required to be given in the standard age one should not have a smooth finish otherwise what will happen that the graphite transfer do not take place and you'll not have the ceiling as effective as what you get so optimum finish on this term optimum finish on this nothing both is required and lantern drink when required by the customer this is a typical standard packing you have and then the lantern arrangement but it is required what is the purpose of Lantern running Lantern ring is provide is to provide a further integrity to the clamp packing if there is any leakage through this then you can't prevent delicate to the atmosphere by tapping off this leak a through the leak of connection here or you can provide a sealing fluid through this unnecessarily and this is arrangement is used for certain critical applications like in the nuclear industries you know where the leak 8 to the atmosphere are limited of course now with the modern best available sealing technology there are good packing materials available which provides a good sealing across the temperature back so when you see to the come to the end user preference they inducer most of the end users still prefer to use this specify this combination die molten and to Breda dendrix whereas the best available sealing technology today is all fully Breda transition in we have seen in our test of a pH 654 32 mission that this type of packing is given excellent performance in fact it less than 50 ppm and if you see most of the perform induces Alonza only the molded under breeder there is only few people nano fully printed has alternator and one of the important change which took place in the 13th edition is that all the vast supplied to aps 600 has to meet APA 624 4th digit information so this is a very important aspect we all know that vaults constitute a major portion in terms of emission to the atmosphere and that's why the standard no dr. Bhutta qualified the bus so you need to earlier there used to be a hiking qualification epi 622 you should use only 622 what if I'd packing to meet the requirement but now the standard recognized that not only the packing has to be qualified part attached to the valise to qualified to mean that 624 so the standard talks about emission level of 100 ppm and less and do the low I just would so basically here I have got different combinations can API 624 compliant packing used for opposite surface answer is No and similarly steam service know they are desired for the refinery application and best suited for the VOCA chose hor highly hazardous gases then we move to the operators the 5.11 stocks of good operators until otherwise specified by the purchaser the valve shall be supplied with and we there are different operators options are available which need to be specified it could be a manual operator it can be a power operator and the gate valves are operated using pneumatic or electrical also what you have to bear in mind while selecting the actuator is that ensure that linear speed of the stem is not exceeding per inch per minute okay the reason being we all saw there's a flex where this is a which whether it is a solid bridge of next pitch when you close it the very faster it can lead to the jamming so that is why when you use an electrical actuator or pneumatic actuator ensure that in case of electrical actuator you can select an RPM so that doesn't make seed that the linear speed in you can exceed linear speed of may say up to 18 inch per minute by taking certain precautions in electrical actuation in case of the pneumatic actuator you need to specify that up to 80 percent the speed can be faster and then 20 percent closing should have a cushioning effect so the actuator selection should be done based on the differential pressure based on the media based on the frequency of operation and the type of factor of CT is required so now let's move on to 6.2 the trim trim is nothing but a collective term for internal parts which are bettered which sees the effect of the flow pedia so if you take API 600 it lists out still body seat surfaces but seat surfaces and back seat has that rematerialize own listed out there are about 29 terms in the standard API standard example you take a trim fine when you specify Dream 5 where does it meet the stern material should be 13 percent chromium the seat surfaces should be hard faced their bed surface should be hard face and that's it should be at least this is the meaning of the room number 5 so if you say trim 10 what does it mean the still material should be 3 1 6 the seat surface and red surface should be 3 1 6 vaccines would be 3 1 6 the standard also allow certain alternate term numbers so many times people say that 3 16 3 3 6 3 3 1 6 doesn't give continuously take this half a few operation it scratches so people will suggest term 16 or drum Y so now the standard are those alternate terms 16 is what both are hot keys or a stainless steel base material hard facing is done now hard facing is what the standard says it could be a cobalt based alloys it could be a stellite stellate well or stereo 21 or it could be a nickel based alright all these things are covered in the standard and depending upon the application the service media one would select the true material and again distillate there are three categories three grades available 6 12 and 21 depending on the end of the requirement one would select the select the standard also talks about bypass auxilary Corrections it is very clearly where should have died by bus generally use a bye bus in a gate fault for two purpose in steve services to warm up the line before opening the main park in high-pressure you need to balance the both size so that the valve becomes easy to operate a standard very clearly tells what should be the main wall size and what should be the bypass path then the standard goes on to define what are the claw requirement for testing marking and preparation quickly let's see one by one plus seven point zero talks about testing and inspection and examination so visual examination you should test the band visually for any damage you should check for legibility of markings what is given in the gas stream it all should check the documents and the valves are to be tested as per a BFI 91 since it is all metal seated the standard allows some amount of leakage but in LNT pass as a company policy we have been using zero leakage and only at the time of offering to the third party inspector if the leakage is not zero it is slightly more but within the element or finite limit use the API ninety eight criteria so the standard error tells very clearly what should be the test media what should be the chloride content in the either what should be how many pressure gauges you should use all those things cover to this render the marking the standard also tells what should be the marking on the nameplate it says apart from the requirement of sixteen point three four you should also have APA 600 if you are going to compare to this it talks about the body materials term it is and whether the disk basis and the other manufacturing details like serial number and date so serial number is very important for tracing the documents of the valve and then the marking it is important sometimes at all unidirectional valves out to be marked and also while installing the value need to take care of those things otherwise the valve become one functioning will take place class nine talks about the valve preparation and shipment and it very clearly says the requirement you should have protective with wood fiber plastic or metal and also says very clearly cover shall be designed so the val cannot be installed without ramon of the product it takes so much of attention on these things and this is all eval will be seen protected as a manufacturer on the other hand we have seen at customer end the valves are laying like this without any protection what are the implication of that is the foreign particle can into the CT area and cause a damage to the seat and thereby it can lead to the leakage even before the model is installed the line the standard nine point three also says very clearly what should be the position of the gate while it is ship it says a gate well has to be shipped in this closed position similarly a Baldwin standard if you take it you say Val wall has to be supplied in the open position so this is basically to protect the seating surfaces the packaging the standard also tells very clearly how you need to do the packing and what you see on the right side is a valve which is opened up at the site before the installation and see the condition of the valve and I'm sure once it is installed if this condition is good so the standard very clearly gives all the requirement and it is very important people at the manufacturing end as useful as follow the user and to understand the intent now let's quickly see some of the applications suffer variance the gatewatch can be used for oxygen service all you need is you need to have a different material and you need to do the clear cleaning of the val internals in a clean room and then use a BAM certified gaskets and packets and then supply in a fully sealed er cover and the cryogenic burst again they are all revolved around the api is 600 standard but there's another standard which talks about the extension and other things be a 6-3 6-4 with the standard for so what we saw was a lot of glimpses of various silane features of epa 600 how a manufacturer has to take care of it how el user has to understand the classes and then you know maintain them in their glass so now there are few glimpses of was manufactured by LNT 64 inch class 150 42 inch class 618 tons then 27 tons 16 inch class 300 valve and this slide shows clips of the Latifah's product folio we have as I told you a wide variety of products so with this I end the presentation you