Pharynx and Larynx Lecture Notes

Introduction to Pharynx and Larynx

• Pharynx and Larynx are parts of the throat involved in both respiratory and digestive systems.
• Essential functions include passage of air to the lungs and food to the esophagus.

Anatomy of the Pharynx

• Divided into three parts:
  • Nasopharynx: Located above the soft palate; involved in breathing.
  • Oropharynx: Located behind the oral cavity; plays a role in swallowing.
  • Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx): Connects to the esophagus and larynx; directs food and air into separate pathways.

Functions of the Pharynx

• Acts as a pathway for air and food.
• Facilitates swallowing through muscle contractions.

Anatomy of the Larynx

• Also known as the voice box; located between the pharynx and trachea.
• Comprised of cartilages, muscles, and ligaments.
• Vocal cords are located here, crucial for sound production.

Functions of the Larynx

• Voice Production: Vibration of vocal cords produces sound.
• Protective Reflexes: Prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
• Respiratory Function: Controls airflow to the lungs.

Clinical Relevance

• Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx; often leads to sore throat.
• Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx; can cause voice loss.
• Swallowing Disorders: Can arise from functional issues in the pharynx, requiring medical attention.

Summary

• The pharynx and larynx play crucial roles in both respiratory and digestive systems.
• Understanding their anatomy and functions is essential for diagnosing related disorders.