Transcript for:
Exploring Genetic Modification for Superhuman Abilities

i've never felt power like this before superhero  movies and comics like x-men and spider-man   have captured the fantasy of being superhuman many  cultures throughout history believe that certain   people possess special powers or abilities that  transform them into superior beings shifting our   focus to the present day many people strive for  exceptional performance some go as far as taking   performance-enhancing drugs engaging in obsessive  behavior or simply attempting to improve upon   their natural abilities through focused practice  in the world of sports some athletes have been   able to push the limits of what is possible  with superhuman levels of athleticism and speed   all human beings are 99.9 identical in their  genetic makeup differences in the remaining 0.1   hold important clues about our individuality  strengths and weaknesses that make each of   us unique in the last decade new technologies  have considerably improved scientists ability to   locate the genetic variations that distinguish our  dna from that of other people in some instances   these genetic differences give rise to diverse  superhuman abilities there is growing interest   in identifying genes associated with special  abilities many of which seem to be inherited   dr george church is a harvard professor and  geneticist who is putting together a list of   genetic mutations and alteration possibilities  that could lead to superhuman abilities   we have some examples myostatin gene there's  lrp5 alleles which can make your bones much   much stronger than everybody else on the planet  so rather osteoporosis it's kind of the other   end of the spectrum and they're so strong that  they can have uh issues with uh surgery pcsk9   is something that that shows that the lower your  ldl cholesterol the better off you are in terms   of coronary disease and and to some people's  surprise maybe as low as zero is is tolerable   and advantageous as a society we are attracted  to the idea of having extraordinary abilities   but there are people who we rarely hear about and  whose abilities are extraordinary as a result of   combination of genetics training and other forms  of adaptation granted their superpowers don't   include anything like the x-men or their avengers  counterparts but nevertheless they are special   so let's look at some real-life examples  of people with superhuman abilities while scientists can't explain why hulk's  pants stay on when everything else shreds   off they do seem to have identified  genes responsible for incredible strength   mstn when this gene is expressed in a normal  person the individual has incredibly strong   muscles and can lift objects that would  otherwise be beyond their reach mstn gene   provides instructions for making a protein  called myostatin eddie hall who won the   world's strongest man 2017 competition has a  genetic mutation that causes myostatin-related   muscle hypertrophy this condition certainly  contributed to his large muscle mass people from the bajo tribe often referred to  as sea nomads can hold their breath underwater   for as long as 13 minutes at depths of around  200 feet scientists studying them showed that   the breath-holding ability of the baudu is a  genetic adaptation caused by natural selection   they have developed bigger spleens that  allow them to store oxygenated blood   which increases their endurance at depth dutch extreme athlete vim hoff is on the list not  because of his genes but of his skills his talent   to endure cold has been studied by scientists and  seems to be a result of his ability to voluntarily   influence his autonomic nervous system something  which was thought impossible he got the nickname   the iceman by breaking a number of records  related to cold exposure including climbing mount   kilimanjaro in shorts running a half marathon  above the arctic circle barefoot and standing in a   container while covered with ice cubes for almost  two hours he is able to increase the release of   chemicals in the brain called endocannabinoids  which create a sensation of euphoria to help   numb the pain of the cold according to him over  time we as humans have developed a different   attitude towards nature and we've forgotten about  our inner power this is the ability of our body   to adapt to extreme temperature and  survive within our natural environment   we have hundred thousand kilometers of  blood vessels inside very primitive ones   like capillaries and they have arteries and you  have veins they are all connected to the heart   we all know killer number one was  cardiovascular related diseases in society   why because all the cardiovascular related  system and related organs and everything   are very bad exercised they contain millions of  little muscles to help the blood flow go through   but because we wear clothes all the time  we de-stimulate we have a de-stimulative   kind of behavior conditioned so the muscles  don't work as much who's got to pay for that   your heart your heart needs to pump more to get  the blood flow through because the tone of the   muscles in the vascular system that means millions  of little muscles they are not helping as much   so if you go into the cold shower what happens  these little muscles begin to work they begin   to be stimulated what happens more [Music]  the heart rate goes down with 20 to 30 beats   a minute and thus you get a lot more nutrients  oxygen and vitamins into the cells that means a   lot more energy so much more energy and much less  stress that's the result of a cold shower a day consider this a non-competitive relatively  in-shape runner usually completes one mile   in about nine to ten minutes while the fastest  man on earth usain bolt set the world record   of the 100 meter sprint at 9.58 seconds alt  reached a top speed of 27.33 miles per hour   the likelihood of becoming an elite sprint  power athlete like bolt is likely influenced   by a handful of genes bolt carries at least  one of the sprint variant of the actn3 gene   this gene controls the production  of a protein that is found only   in fast twitch fibres which are the muscle  fibers that give sprinters their speed super centralians are people  who have reached the age of 110.   research on the morbidity of supercenterians has  found that they remain free of major age-related   diseases such as cardiovascular disease  dementia and cancer until the very end of life   scientists hope that in the future we can find a  way to delay aging even by a very minor percentage   in the population this could have a profound  impact on health and extended life expectancy   so how do we get these out from these rare  individuals who happen to be lucky in the world   to the rest of us and a huge change uh crispr cast  nine and and other things that that we and others   have worked on to that enable us to engineer our  genome so our genes are no longer our destiny   they never were but now you can not only change  your environment you can change your genetics   and this is done by engineering machines protein  machines protein plus rna that will go in and find   the needle in the haystack and your six billion  base pairs in your genome these can go in and find   one place to sit down and cleave and destroy that  gene in this case or replace it with something   that you like better it has been argued that human  evolution has accelerated since the development of   agriculture 10 000 years ago and civilization  some 5000 years ago humans have yet to undergo   any major biological changes since then but as  our technology changes we are increasingly using   it to change ourselves and the world around us  within 30 years it will probably be possible   to make essentially any kind of change to any  kind of genome says professor jennifer dunner   of the university of california berkeley  who shared the 2020 nobel prize in chemistry   for her role in the development of crispr you can  imagine that in the future we are not subject to   the dna we inherit from our parents but we can  actually change our genes in a targeted way   anatomically modern human populations continue  to evolve and they are affected by both natural   selection and genetic drift thanks to the genomic  revolution researchers are not able to see changes   in the human genome as they happen there are  several areas being looked into that could lead   to radical change in the human genome opening up a  new area of research and development with further   possibilities being realized if we can engineer  them correctly radical change in the genome could   enable us to vastly extend our life expectancy  give us superhuman abilities and even transform   us into something entirely different however  the ethical legal and moral issues surrounding   genetic engineering are significant and we need  to consider all of them before we move forward thanks for watching did you like this video   then show 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