Overview
This lecture discusses the controversy surrounding the Code of Kalantiaw, examining its origins, alleged significance in Philippine history, and the evidence revealing it as a fabricated hoax.
Origins of the Code of Kalantiaw
- The Code of Kalantiaw was believed to be a legal code written in 1433 by Datu Kalantiaw of Negros.
- The code's existence was popularized by Jose Marco in 1913 through his historical fiction.
- It first appeared in print in the article "Civilization Espania" in 1913.
Impact and Early Recognition
- The Code of Kalantiaw supposedly contained 18 articles and mentioned 16 datu (local leaders).
- The Philippine president once recognized the code, with a postage stamp and the Order of Kalantiaw awarded in Kalantiaw's name.
- It became part of Philippine history for decades.
Emergence of Controversy and Doubts
- Historians questioned the code due to a lack of primary sources and supporting evidence.
- There are no authentic written or pictorial records from the 15th century mentioning Kalantiaw or the code.
- No foreign sources reference Kalantiaw or the code.
Debunking the Hoax
- In 1968, historian William Henry Scott investigated the code and found it to be a fabrication.
- The code and Kalantiaw were removed from official Philippine history materials.
- Jose Marco was identified as the forger, promoting the code to fulfill a national longing for a pre-colonial legal tradition.
Lessons and Historical Caution
- Experts now stress the importance of verifying the authenticity of historical records.
- The Code of Kalantiaw serves as a warning to carefully validate sources before accepting them as fact.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Code of Kalantiaw — a forged legal code, once believed to be from 15th-century Philippines, later proven to be a hoax.
- Jose Marco — the individual who fabricated the Code of Kalantiaw in 1913.
- Datu — a local leader or chieftain in pre-colonial Philippine society.
- William Henry Scott — historian who exposed the Code of Kalantiaw as fraudulent.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Be vigilant in verifying the credibility of historical sources.
- Study how historical myths can shape national identity and their impact on education.
- Review materials by William Henry Scott for critical approaches to Philippine history.