Lecture on C++ Programming

Introduction

• Comprehensive C++ programming course from start to finish.
• Techniques for becoming a successful and profitable C++ programmer.
• Usability in freelancing, game development, and other programming aspects.
• Ensures understanding C++ easily, quickly, and simply.

Overview of C++

• C++: A general-purpose, statically typed, object-oriented programming language.
• Origin: Developed as a superset of C to include object-oriented programming and other features.
• Prerequisites: No need for prior C knowledge, but it will be a good revision for those familiar with C.

Setting Up the Environment

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

• IDE Usage: Helps write code efficiently.
• Recommended IDE: Visual Studio Code from Microsoft.

Compiler Installation

• Essential Tool: Needed to convert written code into machine instructions.
• Installation Steps:
  • Download and install the compiler (e.g., MinGW for Windows).
  • Set environment variables to include the compiler path.
  • Verify installation by running g++ in terminal.

Basics of C++ Programming

Hello World Program

• Start with a simple Hello, World! program to understand structure.

Key Concepts

• Includes: #include<iostream> for input-output stream.
• Namespace: using namespace std; to avoid prefixing std::.
• Main Function: Entry point of a C++ program, int main(){}.
• Output: Using cout to print to console, cout << ....

Variables and Data Types

• Different types of variables: int, float, double, and string.
• Importance of type casting: converting one data type to another.
• Constants: using const keyword to prevent variable modification.

User Input

• Taking input using cin.
• Example: reading two integers and printing their sum.

Operators

• Arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /.
• Logical and bitwise operators.*

Conditional Statements

• if-else statements for decision-making.
• Nested conditions and logical operators.
• Example: checking age for voting eligibility.

Switch Statements

• Useful for fixed value comparisons.
• Structure: switch(expression) { case x: ...}.

Loops in C++

• While Loop:
  • Structure: while(condition) { ... }.
  • Example: printing numbers from 0 to 33.
• Do-While Loop:
  • Runs at least once even if the condition is false.
  • Example: same functionality as while loop but with guaranteed single execution.
• For Loop:
  • Structure: for(initialization; condition; increment) { ... }.
  • Example: printing values using a counter.

Functions in C++

• Defining functions with return types and parameters.
• Example: add two numbers using a function.
• Use of void return type for functions that do not return a value.

Arrays

• One-Dimensional Arrays:
  • Declaring and initializing arrays.
  • Accessing array elements using index.
• Two-Dimensional Arrays:
  • Declaring 2D arrays and accessing elements using nested loops.
  • Example: printing values in a matrix format.

Pointers in C++

• Definition: variables that store the address of another variable.
• Declaring pointers using * operator.
• Example: accessing variable value using pointers.
• Type casting pointers and dereferencing.*

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Classes and Objects

• Definition: Classes are blueprints, objects are instances.
• Declaring classes with public and private members.
• Creating objects and initializing them.

Constructors

• Special functions that initialize objects.
• Example: constructor setting initial values for class members.

Inheritance

• Reusing code by inheriting properties from base class to derived class.
• Example: creating a Programmer class from Employee class.

Conclusion

• C++ offers powerful features for various programming needs.
• Importance of practicing concepts through coding.
• Encouragement to stay updated with next course releases.