Hey students, this is Urvi Tiwari and you are watching your favorite educational channel Magnet Brains. Well, we are going to start another new chapter which is chapter number 11 which is Transportation in Animals and Plants. Well, let's first understand about this word, what does transportation mean?
So, where have you heard this word? So, you must have heard it in the transport system. Transport means going from one place to another.
So what is the work of our animals and plants to identify one place to another? Or if we are a human body, what is the thing in this human body that should go from one place to another and which is very important to know? So well see, if we all live on this earth, then we need proper energy. Only then we can walk, walk, eat or do our work with energy.
Where do we get this energy? We get this energy from food. When you eat food, all the nutrients are transferred to your intestine. It is converted into a form in the intestine by which your blood cells work.
to your other parts so that every part of your body gets energy and every part of your body can function properly. So transportation in animals and in plants means that all these nutrients should reach different parts of the body. Okay? To be transported. So in this whole chapter, we are going to discuss that how transportation actually happens.
How it happens in humans and animals or plant make it say with a humans make on concierge organs and rookie in sorry cheese open come curtain so yes are they just points a whoa I'm discuss carney Wally hey how are you chapter number 11 me so tell you a paleto you John leta hey kids chapter me up go corn concierge a conconce points a conconce naive or sick Nico mills angie well sub say paleto I'm circulatory system putting a jockey human body kahoga this man putting a blood ke bari me about blood vessels. Now you will think what to read about blood? So there are many things in blood, there are red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, platelets, you must have heard the name of hemoglobin, then which blood RBC, what is WBC, what is the work of hemoglobin in RBC and what is the work of platelets, you will read all this in blood and blood vessels. How do blood vessels transport?
What does heart do? How does heart beat produce? Then we will study excretion in animals, that is excretory system in humans. Transport of substance in plants, transport of water and minerals and transpiration.
Along with that, you will get to see how every organism handles this entire system. Clear? Then, well...
In the introductory part, let's learn why the transportation system is important. Look, all organisms need food, water and oxygen for their survival. As I told you, all organisms need food, water and oxygen for their survival. They need to transport all these to various parts of their body.
Now, if you eat food and it comes out directly, then what difference does it make? will your body get benefit from it? No, until the food goes to different body parts. Will your food reach directly to the same form?
No, your form changes to intestine. The form in which it will enter our blood and go to other places, we call it transportation. So, when further animals need to transport waste to parts from where they can be removed.
What is the most important thing in the food? Also, this transport does the necessary nutrition to animals, plants or humans. It does the necessary work to transport them to the right place. Also, the transportation system does the work of removing the waste produced.
So, the food has to be transported to all the parts of the plant. Similarly, if we talk about humans, animals or plants, it is very important to transport food to important places. So, this is done by the vascular tissues called the folium.
If we talk about plants, there are two important tissues in it. One is the folium and the other is the xylem. Folium and xylem are the important tissues that do what? transportation So, does xylem and folium transport substances in the plants?
Okay, so if we talk about humans, then heart, lungs, which is the essential part of transportation in the same way, what do you do in the plant? kiya padenge ki xylem and folium karte hai ye transportation ka kaam in most animals ki baat kare to in most animals the blood that circulate in the body distribute the food and oxygen to the different cells of the body okay so isme jy cells hoti hai jo ki kya karte hai food and oxygen ko different different parts me pohchate hai so transportation is very important for human being as it helps in providing nutrition to the each and every cell part organ tissues etc. So, transportation is in all living organisms.
As we have read in our previous chapter that respiration is done by every organism. Similarly, transportation is also very important. Transportation means the necessary nutrition of our body, plant or animal in different parts and the waste material, whether we talk about animals or humans, the waste material is released in the transportation system. If we talk about plants, as I have told you, Zalem and Folem are tissues which work for transportation.
Humans have bloods, blood cells. Along with that, hearts, lungs, all these make the transportation system better. Because through these, the oxygen and food goes to all our bodies. Similarly in animals.
Okay? So, It is also contained transport of oxygen which is most important without which no human being can survive. The component of the transport system in human beings are, well, as I told you that these are the important points, you should keep in mind, you should note it, that whatever transportation you have, whether it is food, it will contain nutrition and oxygen, and if we see in the human body, then in the transportation system, which components are there, then it contains heart, blood and blood vessels.
Okay, so why are these three things important? For our transportation in the human body. The function of the heart.
Now if we talk about each function, then what is the work of the heart? To pump oxygenated blood. Whatever oxygenated blood is, to pump it throughout the body and receive deoxygenated blood from the various body parts and send this impure blood to the lungs for the oxygenation.
Lungs are purifiers of your body. By purifying the blood, Where do we reach? Heart. And what does this heart do?
Then it pumps it. Okay, to get purified it went into the lungs, then it went into your heart. What does the heart do?
It works to take the blood of the body to the other parts. So, heart is to pump the oxygenated blood throughout the body and receive the deoxygenated blood from the various body parts and send to the impure blood to the lungs for the oxygenation. So heart will also reach to the impure lungs and the pure will reach to different body parts Well we have started chapter number 11 The introductory part of this I have told you in our previous video Let's start with our first topic Which is called circulatory system So first we will read about the circulatory system of humans So what is the circulation of our body?
Here a question is asked that what happens when you get a cut on your body? So we told you that there is a circulation of something in our body which is called blood As soon as a cut is done on somewhere, blood starts flowing That means a kind of fluid flows in our body which we call blood This blood has a fluid in it which we call plasma. What is plasma?
This plasma contains red blood cells and white blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which is very important for our body. And the white blood cells which we call WBC contains platelets. Now what is the work of platelets? Well, you must have seen that sometimes you run fast and while running you fall, and you start to fall.
But after a while, the blood starts drying up there. So, what happens because of that? It happens with the help of our platelets. Okay.
This hemoglobin maintains the oxygen level in our entire body. So, the blood contains many fluids which are important for our entire body. What are the functions of blood? We have already known that there are so many things in blood.
So, if we see in the short, I will tell you pointwise also which you can note down. So, first of all, I have told you about the circulatory system in which we transfer blood from one place to another. So, the first point of the circulatory system will be blood.
After that, we will study what blood vessels are. Then I will tell you what is heart, what are the parts in the heart. And then we will study about arteries, we will study the construction of the heart. Along with that, we will know what heartbeats are.
And I will tell you that if you have a heart attack, heartbeats go Sunnah head to up kiss Tarras a checker sector ho Amara heart kiss site para mehsus karo gay ticket to yes are you see the archie discuss carrying it so I'm a be bad character blood key sub say pala circulatory system cap point Raga blood chicken you get circulation kiss kota blood kata map se puch redicuby blood mehsa kya kya hota hai blood kya kya kam karta hai the Pali cheese job a nutrition hand with blood k through hamari body parts mayata hai do sri cheese oxygen Joe a boby blood k through his circulate hotel a hamari puri body me Third important fluid in blood is plasma which contains red blood cells Red blood cells contain Humer globin which better transports oxygen to our body Due to which we feel energized Third is WBC cells WBC cells contain platelets which helps in blood pressure to be reduced Whenever we get hurt, we see that blood starts to be reduced and does not flow further Because if the whole blood is removed, then what will happen? Your body may have a deficiency of blood You may feel very low energy and you may faint So these platelets should not be less Neither WBC count should be less nor RBC count should be less So how to maintain all these counts? By eating proper food and with proper nutrition So the first point was blood Let's see the important points of this So blood is the fluid which flows in the blood vessels Remember the first point Blood is a type of fluid that flows in blood vessels.
It transports the substance like digested food from the small intestine to the other part of the body. What does it do? When you will read further about digestion, So, at the time of digestion, I had told you that whatever food is digested in the small intestine, It is transmitted to other organs through blood cells. So what is the work of blood? The work of blood is to transport substance like digested fruit from the small intestine to the other parts of the body.
Blood works to transfer from the small intestine to the other parts of the body. What are the other points? It carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body. This will take oxygen from our body to the other parts of the body.
It also transports waste. from removal from the body just a minute sorry points but I think you call important point a key a cacata a waste code remove Karanek Abhi kam karta a waste Kobe was point a clear data has a remove oja how does the blood carries various substances so yes I substances blood make a say who to him So, see blood is composed of a fluid. As I told you that blood carries all these substances in different forms. Like blood has a combination of many things.
It is a combination of food. Like composed of food means that it has a lot of fluid mixed in it. Right? Which we call plasma.
In which different types of cells are suspended. In which there are many types of cells. Okay?
What happens in blood? Plasma. Plasma has cells.
Like the first one is red blood cell. Okay? One type of cell is red world cell which is called RBC which contains red pigmented Red pigment is called hemoglobin So, what does hemoglobin do? It helps for oxygen So remember that hemoglobin binds with oxygen and transports it to all the parts of the body and ultimately to all the cells.
Because of hemoglobin, all the body parts start getting oxygen. Sometimes you see that some elders who are old, sometimes their body starts looking white and you feel that they are feeling less energy. Why is this?
In our body or those who are more elder ones, their body reduces hemoglobin. Hemoglobin will be reduced, which means that oxygen cannot flow properly in their body. Because of this, their body sometimes starts to look white. So it is very important to have hemoglobin.
How can hemoglobin be increased? So you eat well, eat foods due to which red blood cells increase. Like beetroot, carrot.
or we should eat sour fruits with combination or we should drink grass wheat juice if someone has problem of hemoglobin so we know about hemoglobin that it transports oxygen it will be difficult to provide oxygen efficiently to all the cells of the body without homoglobin as I told you that without hemoglobin we cannot properly supply oxygen to the cells The presence of hemoglobin makes blood appear red And due to the presence of hemoglobin, the blood appears red So what have we understood so far? So far we are studying about bloods Bloods are what delivers all the nutrients So how does it deliver? How does it do so much work? So blood is a combination of different fluids Like plasma has red blood cells, white blood cells and hemoglobin which is important for oxygen transport So we have read about the first cell of plasma Now the second one is white blood cell So what is the function of white blood cell? White blood cells fight against all the germs The white blood cell also has a white blood cells just gone WBC cat a hem which fight against germs that may enter our body I'm a body make a tricky jump center car Jata him take a abo me pata nice Alta Kale this I make hottest I may kiss Abhi boss Akte him to in C learning a clear WBC count a child means the white blood cells should be good in our body so your friend Bujo fell down while playing he got injured and started bleeding after some time he saw that bleeding had stopped and a dark red clot had plugged the cord he saw that the bleeding had stopped for some time and from above a little dark blood is frozen and blood flow is stopped so he is not able to understand why this happened so WBC as I told you has platelets which helps in stopping blood flow and also helps in stopping the clot so the clot is formed because of the presence of another type of cell in the blood which is called the platelets right So this was about blood.
So remember to read very well and very calmly that what is blood? Blood is a combination of fruit which delivers nutrition and oxygen to our body. How does it deliver?
Blood is a combination of fruit, plasma, cells, and WBC. WBC contains hemoglobin which delivers oxygen to our body. WBC creates a clot in our body. and stop the flow of blood and also because of WBC our body can fight germs and also kills germs the clot that forms is called platelets Now it is time for blood vessels.
So there are different types of blood vessels in the body. Now there are different types of blood vessels in our body. Okay.
What is the work of these? Just to take the blood from here to there. So you know that during the inhalation, a fresh supply of oxygen fills the lungs. Oxygen has to be transported to the rest of the body. Now we have read in the last chapter, respiration, that when you inhale, inhaling means when you breathe.
oxygen is transferred to the lungs. Now oxygen has reached the lungs. What happens after going there? It becomes pure. The work of the lungs is to purify.
This oxygen that comes in the lungs goes to the heart ke taraf aur heart kya karta hai pure ko bhaj deta hai cells ke through different body part me aur jo unpure hota hai wapis lungs me pohchaa deta hai unpure blood ko to hai jo blood vessel se iska kaam fir kya hua to well basically ye jo blood hai The blood that is mixed with oxygen goes from one place to another with the help of these blood vessels. So, oxygen has to be transported to the rest of the body. Also, the blood picks up the waste material including carbon dioxide from the cells. This blood has to go back to the heart for the transport to the lung for removal of the carbon dioxide.
Well, see, we sent oxygen to the lungs in the body, oxygen sent to the heart. Now, the heart has two ways, at one place oxygen content, it has blood. and carbon dioxide in one place So the oxygen contained was sent to different part and the carbon dioxide which came from our body to heart will be sent to lungs again so that all the carbon dioxide content goes up So this blood has to go back to the heart for the transport of the lungs for removal of the carbon dioxide So the two types of blood vessels arteries and veins are presented in the body So, all these things that we have discussed about, that pure oxygen coming out, carbon dioxide going out, from heart to lung, from lung to heart, who does all this? Blood vessels do this. So, both these things should be done separately.
Carbon dioxide mixed blood should be separated and oxygen mixed blood should be separated. So, it means we have two types of blood vessels. One is arteries and the other is veins. Remember, arteries and veins are the blood vessels. Arteries can be divided into two parts.
What will it do? Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body. These arteries work to spread oxygen-mixed blood in our entire body.
Since the blood flow in a rapid and at a high pressure, the arteries have a thick elastic ball. Now, because blood flows with a little pressure, that's why arteries have elastic balls. Okay. Let us perform an activity to study the flow of blood through the arteries.
Let's do an activity. see how blood flows from arteries place the middle and index finger of your right hand on the inner side of your left wrist now place your hand on the inner side of your left wrist what do you think there is a throbbing this throbbing is called the pulse and it is due to the blood flowing in the arteries When you are sick, the doctor checks your pulse from here. So, to check the pulse means to check the flow of blood. If you hold it like this, you will be able to feel that something is flowing or something like this. float karta was a throbbing hotel was a dick I did a high high the mess who surah high so yeah kiss what is the hotel to a to throw being a this throbbing is called a pulse and it is due to the blood flowing in the arteries a blood Joe her maria trees may jata he is secure hum probing get him count the number of pulse beats in one minute how many pulse beat could you count the number of beats per minute is called the pulse rate chicken I a pulse rate alag-alag who sector had a sir up not respiration may have come breathing rate alag-alag who sector had but pulse beat view different different resting person usually has a pulse rate between 72 and 80 beats per minute so other person rest key condition my head those go 72 say 80 beats per minute me legy other person a kajuk kill could care I had to go past 40 what different or safety a good the monitor pulse different or safety a fine other places in your body where you can feel the pulse record on pulse with beats per minute and those of your classmate taken about cookie I can I You can see this with all your friends that does the pulse beat vary person to person and you have to identify all such places where you feel the pulse beat So now we have seen about arteries so what is the work of arteries the work of arteries is to deliver oxygen mixed blood in different different bodies Now comes the veins So veins are the vessels which carry carbon dioxide rich blood from all the part of the body back to the heart.
Veins work to bring back all the unpure blood back to the heart. The veins have the thin walls. There are several walls present in the veins which allow the blood flow only towards the heart.
Now in this, you will see many types of this type of thin walls are made and valves are installed which what do is the direction of all is on the side of the heart where the unpure blood should go ok So if you see the systematic diagram of circulation then see this is the arteries which what do is you are looking at the arrow direction downwards which will take the pure blood in your body to your body part and what will the vein do? carbon dioxide mix blood from all the parts and it works to bring it to the other side of the heart okay so blood donation is if you are reading this topic about blood then blood donation should not be done hundreds of people died due to the unavailability of blood voluntary blood donation is harmless and painless and can save precious lives blood can be donated at hospital and other places authorized by the government donated donated blood are stored with the special kiran blood banks You must have seen that sometimes blood camp is taken from healthy person So blood donation is absolutely safe Those who are healthy can donate blood Like if you have an elderly person who is looking fit So you can insist them to go to the blood donation camp Because when you donate blood You can save many people's lives So it is not unsafe that you have any problem It is very safe and you will be healthy as you are So we have read till here that the blood vessels The cells are of two types One is veins and the other is arteries in blood vessels So we have seen the work of veins and arteries Now comes the capillaries in the diagram below So do you see the arteries divided into smaller vessels Now you must have seen that whether it is artery or vein All are divided into small vessels On reaching the tissues, they divided further into extremely thin tubes called the capillaries. Okay. Now, when they go to the tissues, like they came out of the heart and went down to the tissues, which will go to your different body parts. So, they break in such small pipes.
Okay. So, the capillaries join to form veins which empty into the heart. These capillaries are all connected to the veins which connect to the heart.
So, there are many things in the circulatory system. As I told you earlier, we have to study about blood first. Then we studied about blood vessels. In which we told you how arteries and veins work. We are studying chapter number 11. Which is called Transportation in Animals and Plants.
Well, along with this we were studying circulatory system. In circulatory system, we learned the work of blood and blood vessels. and we have discussed about the cells and capillaries related to them in our previous video.
Well, if you have not seen that video then go to www.magnetbrains.com If you can see it, how will you see it? I will give you the information at the end of this video. So the next important part of the circulatory system is the heart. Heart is the most important organ of our body.
Because what does the heart do? It works to deliver blood to all parts of our body. Along with that, impure blood, in which carbon dioxide is present. usse wo wapas lungs mein pohchane ka kaam karta hai. To chalye point wise point, samajhte hai hamara heart kya karta hai.
Well, the heart is an organ which beats continuously to act as a pump for transport of blood which carries other substances with it. Heart is a kind of organ. Look at every word written in this line carefully.
The heart is an organ which beats continuously. Now if you touch the heart and see, then you will understand the beat. You can always feel it. So heart is a kind of organ which continuously pump karta jata hai ek tarike ka pump imagine kariye bhai imagine a pump working for years without stopping absolutely impossible tk koi aisa pump hai kiya jo pure continuously kaam karta hai pure jab tak uski life hai aisa nahi hai tk lakn heart ek hamara aisa pump hota hai jo ki continuously kaam karta hai aur hamari body ke different part mein is taha se blood ko pohchane ka kaam karta hai tk so aapka jo heart hai wo kis shape ka hota hai well is ka shape kuch is taha se hota hai not like this you must have seen that this is how the heart is made so it is not like this at all your heart is of this shape and its size if you close your fist then it is equal to your fist ok so yet your heart works like a pump non-stop let us now understand about the Heart is an organ that acts continuously like a pump and takes blood to different parts.
Now what are the important things in the blood? I have already told you in my previous video. The heart is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly tilted towards the left. This is located in the chest cavity. where the lungs are just near it this is in chest cavity and with its lower tip slightly tilt towards the left and it is a little towards left now how you can feel this or what is the size of this as I told you hold your fingers involved in your palm take that makes your fist your heart is roughly the size of your fist your hand is equal to a fist Well, as I told you that the work of heart is to transfer the oxygen mix blood to different parts of the body and the carbon dioxide mix blood to the lungs.
Now what will happen if the blood rich in oxygen and the blood rich in carbon dioxide mix with each other? Now you must have seen that the blood that reaches all over our body is oxygen mixed. If we get carbon dioxide mixed blood and oxygen mixed blood, then what will happen?
So, this makes carbon dioxide. or homoxide take a home white carbon home white jokey up keep body kill it knock at an arcotaki poison guitar a calm career or a good I a don't know blood up a swim again to care what I had in San de que de pio sector humans key death pio sector so it's just a butch Nicky Lee a hamara jo heart with a is the us me chart the rake a key chambers with a head rake a god heart ke bar me per day hey he can say was circulate cut a head to its me charge embers with a head the two top chambers are called the atria The first top chambers are called Arteria and the two lower chambers are called the ventricles What is called as ventricle So what is the work of ventricle and Arteria Ventricles generally have blood in which carbon dioxide is mixed And in the Arteria oxygen mix blood hota hai the partition between the chamber helped to avoid mixing up the blood rich in oxygen with the blood rich in the carbon dioxide abindona matcha casa partition up dek para dono alag alag hai take a year poori alag hai or a poor alexa le to do no alag hota hai dono ke wall of alag hota hai take a man of un dono kajoke beach may acha khasa partition hota hai taki dono jo blood hai wo apas mein na bil sakhe This is a complete diagram of heart, you will see more details when you go to higher class We will see only the arteries and ventricles So you see this is right atrium and here you can see this is your left ventricle and right ventricle And this is left atrium On both sides they are separated from each other which work as I have told you let's see it in point wise to understand the function of circulatory system it starts from the right side of the heart in figure and follow the arrow see the diagram of this figure how heart works in actual it is simple heart works in pure blood what it will do it will take the blood from lungs to the heart and it will take the blood from arteries to different body parts like i told you there are two chambers one is atria and other is ventricles so blood from atria goes to different body cells and carbon dioxide mix blood which is made from food and reaction that blood is sent to your heart here heart goes to lungs and what lungs do they send back to heart heart maybe stay in this car is the recipe continuously a pump shelter at I am taken so these arrows show the direction of the blood flow from the heart to the lung and back to and back to the heart from where it is pumped to the rest of the body So, after this if you read the heart and leave the heartbeat then it will not work As I said that you can feel the heartbeat You feel something like continuously blinking So, the walls of the chambers of the heart are made up of the muscles The chambers of the heart which I just told you about They are made up of muscles in a way So, due to the circulation of blood in these muscles, this type of motion is called as hematopoietic feel hota hai, jisko hum heartbeat kehte hai. These muscles contract and relax rhythmically. Yeh jo muscles hai wo kya karte hai contract aur kya hoti hai relax hoti jaate hai. Contract hoti hai, then relax hoti hai.
Jaise apke lungs mein jab aap inhale karte ho, to kya karte hai apne lungs phool jaate ho, jab exhale karte ho to wo bahar jaate hai. Usi tarike se yeh jo aapki your muscles contract and then relax slowly this rhythm contraction followed by its relaxation constitute a heart beat when this contraction and relaxation happens continuously then we feel it as a heart beat remember that heart beats continue every moment of our life now this heart beat is obvious because circulation will happen properly only then we will be able to live so till the time we live we feel this heart beat clear So, if you place your hand on the left side of your chest, you can feel the heartbeat. The doctor feels your heartbeats with the help of the instrument called the stethoscope.
You must have seen that a stethoscope is placed in the ear and a portion of the stethoscope is placed in the hand or on the left side so that it can hear your heartbeat better. A doctor uses the stethoscope as a device to amplify the sound of the heart. It consists of a chest piece that carries a sensitive diaphragm, two ear pieces and a tube joining the parts. You can make a stethoscope out of this device. heartbeat ko feel kar sakte ho so doctors can get clues about the condition of your heart by listening through the stethoscope let us construct a model by stethoscope with a material that are available around us okay so isme ham activity ko bhi follow karenge 11.2 jisme ham stethoscope banana sikhaenge to well heartbeat ke baare mein ab jaan chuke ki kyo hote hai hamari jo muscles hai vo contact aur relax hoti hai jiski wajah se hamme heartbeat mehsus hoti hai is heartbeat ko aap haath rakke hi bhi mehsus kar sakte ho aur proper tarike se doctors can get clues about how doctors do analysis with help of stethoscope why it is important to feel it because if heart beat is not normal sometimes you see that heart beat is very fast when you run very fast or dance very fast or if any person is sick then in that condition also his heart beat can be detected that how much critical is his condition or not ok, so how you can make this stethoscope at home so what you have to do is take a small funnel to seven centimeter diameter funnel Lena hey discuss six to seven centimeter diameter hope fixer about you tightly on the stem of the funnel of you to funnel is case stand for a rubber k2co tightly kakar do a bad do take him stretch a rubbish sheet on the mouth of the funnel and fix it tightly with a rubber I was rubber koop or linear just a funnel here take a above who purse yeah I said about go cut this k mouth that was peace cool a character Jana is stretch our our sheet on the mouth of the funnel and fix it tightly with a rubber band put the open end of the tube on one of your ears about a kindness open ear call again I open you portion happen alka and place the mouth of the funnel on your chest near the heart and keep the mouth of the funnel near your chest now try to listen carefully do you hear a regular thumping sound the sound is that of the heartbeat now this is the stethoscope basically what happens in it a type of sound comes so that it becomes clear what is the condition of the heartbeat in one minute So, similarly when you make such a status scope with the help of activity, then also you will hear heartbeat.
How many times did your heart beat in a minute? Count again after running for 4-5 minutes. Compare your observation.
Well, as I told you how to calculate heartbeat or pulse rate. So, well, how many times your blood count has been done in 1 to 1 minute or how many times your pulse has been sounded. For that, you have to make a chart like this, you have to do a table cricket.
have this map normal pulse rate cool a kega or running ke baad de kena or don't know man does a magic a key case kitten account up comilta him okay so record your own pulse rate and heartbeat and that of your frame while while resting and after running and record the table do you find any relationship between your heartbeat and pulse rate each heartbeat generate one pulse in the arteries and the pulse rate per minute indicate the rate of heartbeat okay so a heartbeat kya hoti hai each heartbeat generates one pulse in the arteries you One heart beat means one pulse is generated in the artery. The pulse per minute indicates the rate of heart beat. Now, how much pulse rate is coming in every minute, what comes out of that? Heart beat comes out.
So, it means, it is simple. How do you analyze the heart beat and why is it necessary? So, the rhythmic beating of the various chambers of the heart maintains the circulation of blood and transports the substance of the different part of the body. Okay.
So, Bujo wonders if sponges and hydra also have the blood. Animals such as sponges and hydra do not possess any circulatory system. So, well, I will definitely tell you about their circulatory system in the next class. Now, it is time to know about English physician William Harvey. So, till now we have read about the blood vessels of circulatory system.
Along with that, we have told you about the heart, what are the important things in the heart. And how these oxygen legs. and carbon dioxide mix blood from where to where.
We also studied about heart beat and why it is produced. We did an activity to identify or measure heart beat. Now, another English physician is William Harvey. discovered the circulation of blood in who named blood circulation could discover Kia the current opinion in those days was that blood oscillates in the vessels of the body for his views Harvey was Ridiculated and was all called a circulator.
Hello. He lost most of his patients However before he died Harvey's idea about circulation was generally accepted by the biological fact I've been on a heap the circulation of blood hair was quick concept code the other clear so the water in which they live brings food and oxygen as it enters their body this is about your hydra and sponges so they were asked that do they also have blood in them so the water in which they live brings food and oxygen as it enters their body the water carries away waste material and carbon dioxide as it moves thus these animals do not need a circulatory fluid like blood so what happens is that if you see these sponges they do not have blood in them If there is no blood, then they do not do respiration? Yes, they do respiration. What is necessary for respiration?
For respiration, there is need of oxygen and food. They eat food and how do they get oxygen? They get oxygen through the water.
You know that oxygen is mixed in water. So, these sponges fulfill the requirement of oxygen. And their work is done.
So, here we have seen that such animals do not need a circulatory system. Now in the next video we will see what other animals are there which are affected by the circulatory system and how they excrete their waste. So in the next video we will see the excretion of animals which will be in our next video. Well we are reading chapter number 11 which is called transportation and animals and plants.
We have covered some of its topics in the last class. If you have not seen it, then you can see it by going to www.magnetbrains.com. How will you see?
I will share this in the end of this video. Well, now it is time for our next topic which is Excretion in Animals. Well, till now we have told you about the function of lungs and heart.
Now it is time for the function of kidney. So how? So just recall what was the function of lungs and what was the function of heart. So if we see the function of lungs, then the main respiration is through our lungs.
Or I can say that lungs do the work of purifying your air. What does heart do? Heart, the pure form of blood, it takes it to other parts of our body. Along with that, the impure blood, which contains carbon dioxide, it takes it back to the lungs. So, we have read all these things.
Before this, we have read about the work of the intestine, about the work of the large intestine. But we have not studied the work of the kidneys yet. So, with this topic, we will also understand the work of the kidneys today. How does the kidneys work in the human body or in animals? Well, what is the meaning of excretion?
Excretion means whether it is animals or humans, in all of them excretion means to remove the waste part from the body. Now the question arises, which waste part is there in our body? So you know that our body contains acid, food waste which comes out of our large intestine and what else is there in our body?
So our body contains most of the urea. So we take this out of our body through urine, anus or sweat. Now this question will surely come to your mind that what is the meaning of sweat here?
What role does sweat play in an excretion? So yes, excretion means something coming out of the body. So sweat is also a part of an excretion.
So let's discuss point by point excretion in animals or excretion in humans. So excretion in animals. So recall how carbon dioxide is removed as waste from the body through the lungs during the exhalation well exhale job open carton to space a humkara chai animals curry Sabine carbon dioxide he release oti he can release oti he inhale k time per ham oxygen co late a hand or exhale k temper carbon dioxide only lungs key mother say is Tarras a aqua Joe diaphragm hey ribs k sat me compress karta ribs niche ki tariff ati hain or you do bachi who a carbon dioxide amari body may have more Baha Nikol Jati him Also recall that undigested food is removed during the digestion. Well, we have also read that undigested food is removed through digestion.
These are all the points which I have discussed with you. So, let us now find out how the other waste materials are removed from the body. Now, we have to see that our carbon dioxide content is reduced.
We have exhaled it and removed it. The waste of food, the undigested food, was removed through the process of adhesion through the anus. Now what about the remaining waste part? So how does the remaining waste part come out? Let's see.
So well, When our cells perform any function, when our cells are there, in our body, cells are cells in different places. So, when our body performs with any cell, then a type of waste is released in it. And in that, toxic content is there.
So, remember this point. When our cells perform their function, certain waste products are released. These are toxic and hence need to be removed from the body.
These are all toxic. They increase the toxicity of our body. That is why it is important that the cells that are working, remove all the toxic material.
The process of removal of waste produced in the cells of the living organism is called the excretion. So, these waste products are Bahaar nikalna human body se yaa fir saari living organism ki body se bahaar nikalne ki ye jo process hai usi ko hum kya kaite hai usi ko hum excretion kaite hai to yad rakhiyega ye point important hai ye exam mein pucha ja sakta hai yaa fir jab apan NCRT solution karenge yaa fir agar ap exampler karenge to aap se pucha ja sakta hai the process of what? the process of removal of waste produced in the cells of the living organism is called the excretion.
Okay, so we have understood that when our cells work, then with the work of our cells, they release a toxic material, they release a toxic product, which will harm our body if it remains in our body. It will make our internal system a little dirty. So it is very important to get out of it. Okay, so this whole process in which waste, whatever you have, produced in your body and the process of removing it out is called excretion.
The parts involved in excretion form the excretory system. Now we are going to read about excretory system in which we will read which body parts help in your excretion. So, as we have read about respiration system, we have read about digestion system, similarly we will see about excretion.
excretory system so the main excretory system to sub-7 upon animals key bad carlita him so upon animal so chai humans or dono me he kidney a main function hota he could make me in part hota he woke a cartel a chalida teham the main excretory system in animal is the unit urinary system so animals coming next excretory system hota he won't I urinary system hota he won't The urinary system is composed of the kidneys in which the urine is produced, ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra. Okay. These words make up the urinary system or you can say that these make up your excretory system.
So, what happens in animals? All the waste in animals is made up in the form of urine and it comes out in the form of urine. Okay. Now, this urine is it is produced from the kidneys.
To produce it or to take it out of one place or another, the essential parts of the animal are the kidneys, urethra, urinary bladder and the urethra. You will be surprised to know that all these things are also present in humans. An initial filtration of the blood is produced in the kidney.
In fact, the kidney is made up of many reputations of this structure. Now, what does our kidney do? The kidney is made up of many reputations of this structure.
Basically, the work of blood filtration, the initial filtration, is done by the kidney. So, during this time, the waste part that comes out in the form of urea, that kidney reaches the bladder. Where does that part reach from the ureter?
On the urinary bladder and then it is passed out from the urethra. Okay, so this is your animal excretory system. So till now what points you have to remember, I will tell you once again.
First of all, you have to keep in mind what excretion means. So when cells perform in the body of any living organism, then after performing them, a kind of waste product forms. So the process of taking that waste product out is called excretion. Now, Till now we have seen the excretion of carbon dioxide and how to get it out. We have seen how to get out the undigested food.
Now it is the turn of waste products which are not produced in both ways. So what is the third? Third is our urinary system.
This system is also present in animals and humans. So, what are the things in the urinary system of animals? Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, bladder and urethra.
Now, the blood goes to the kidney first. The initial filtration of the blood goes to the kidney. Due to which the waste product urea passes out from the ureter to the urinary bladder. Clear? So, this was excretion in animals.
Now in this we have to see excretory system in humans Because both are almost same So we understand all things more easily than humans So let's know what is excretory system in humans and what it does The waste which is present in the blood has to be removed from the body Now see that we have removed the waste of our food We also remove the waste of our air from the nostrils But the waste of blood that cells perform and start leaving those things in the blood, then the purification of this blood is very important. Means, how to remove the waste part in the blood from the body. A mechanism to filter the blood is required. So, we need something that can filter the blood. So, for the filtration of blood, the kidneys are used in our body.
This is done by the blood capillaries in the kidneys. Kis ki madad se hota hai? Blood capillaries in the kidney. Okay.
So, when the blood reaches the two kidneys, it contains... It contains both useful and harmful substances. Now, when your blood goes to the kidney, then there are harmful substances in it and there are such substances which are useful for our body. So, what is the function of kidney here?
The function of kidney is to separate harmful substances from blood. So, the useful substances are absorbed back into the blood. Now, the useful substances which are in our blood They go back to the same place and the waste gets dissolved in water and comes out in the form of urine.
The waste dissolved in water are removed as urine. So, what we have to remember is that what is the function of the kidney? So, it has blood capillaries which works for the purification of blood.
Our blood contains pure substances and fat. in pure substances don't know today yeah I'm a cascading waste substances so Joe substances have a red blood kill a useful head what the kidney una Vapis blood may he ran a T a lake in Joe substances how many body conoxone pochette a jesse urea to key Amari body may produce with a high was say a panic is a cold at the head do key enough form of urine Baharaj at a hem from the kidney the urine goes to the urinary bladder through tube like ureters. As you can see in the diagram, the blood purified from the kidneys will go to the ureter, after the ureter, to the urinary bladder, and after the bladder to the urethra. Now, whatever topic we are studying, whether it is about the digestion system, respiration system, or if you are studying about the urinary system, we have to study all these in a short time. There are many small details in this, which we will study in a higher class.
So, let's start. But for now, it was important for us to understand what the kidneys do. So from the kidney, the urine goes to the urinary bladder through tube like ureter. It is stored in the bladder and it is passed out through the urinary opening at the end of a muscular tube called the urethra.
With the help of urethra, whatever urine is collected in this bladder, it goes out. So, the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra form the excretory system. Like it happens in animals, similarly it happens in humans too.
So, you can understand the function of both humans and animals. To purify the blood in animals, the kidneys are used. And what does the kidney do?
water may dissolve car key urine k for me bahar kar deti hai and Adult human being normally passes about 1 to 1.8 liter of urine in 24 hour Ake agar koi healthy saan hai your normal in saan hai joki Tee thaa come out may paani ko peeta hai toh agar uska dekha jaye toh 1 se lekar ke 1.8 liter of urine wo ek ghante mein pass out karta hai toh well ye cheez samajhna kyo zaruri hai Well, jaise maine abhi aapko kaha ki ek healthy ya normal person The more water he drinks, the more easily this extra part gets soluble in water and comes out. So if we don't drink water, it won't come out? If we don't drink water, it comes out but our body parts are sensitive. If you don't drink water, then your acidity or burning condition increases. So, it is said to drink water from time to time.
so that the waste can easily get mixed in water and come out so that no human or animal will face any problem in this ok the urine consists of 95% water because as I have told you here that in urine 95% of water is there 2.5% urea is there and 2.5% other waste products are there ok so if the content of water is less then urea or any other waste products will slightly damage our body So, it is important to maintain the water content in our body. So, we have all experienced that we sweat on a hot summer day. So, well, we have told you about urine but think about it, what other system is there which makes our body to produce things outside. So, we have seen and discussed three things but we also know that we sweat mostly on normal time and during summer.
So, why does this sweat happen? What is the result of sweat? Let's see. The sweat contains water and salt. Basically, the sweat contains water and salt.
That's why in summers, when we play somewhere and we are sweating a lot, a lot of sweat has been applied on our clothes. And when you come home and the sweat dries in your air, then you see a white line in it. So, how does this white line become?
It becomes due to salt. Because sweat is a combination of water and salt only taken so these marks are left by the salt present in the sweat the sweat serve any other function so this works to remove the salt or there is some other work of sweat so basically what happens is that in summer our body temperature increases and outside temperature also increases so our body temperature maintain our body cool and cool so what happens for this is that sweat comes out of our body so that when cold air falls on sweat then our body temperature will be maintained it will not be more it will be less otherwise what will happen if the temperature is more and our body temperature will also remain then we normal condition may be very hot and sometimes we may get sick so it is important that if you are sweating in summers it means that it is cooling down your body ok so We know that the water kept in an earthen pot matka is cooler. Now as you must have seen that the water on the matka is slowly cooling. What does cooling mean? Slowly coming out of its pores, on its outer surface, you must have seen that if you touch the matka, you feel cold.
So why does this happen? Because there is water there. So, it is a little amount of air that is evaporated by the cold air outside and cools the water inside.
So, the same process is also done in the human body. So, this is because the water evaporates from the pores of the pot which causes cooling. Similarly, when we sweat, it helps us to cool our body. So, when we sweat, it cools down our body. Right?
So, Now, there are some important points which we will discuss so that you can know in what condition someone's kidney failure can occur. So, in this excretion in animals, we studied two points. We studied excretion in humans in which we studied the function of the kidney.
And we learned that another waste part is produced in our body, the form of urine, which is made with the help of the kidneys. And kis form se excretory system jo hai uski madad se baha nikalajata hai. Chal ye do important cheeze discuss kar lete hai.
The way in which waste chemicals are removed from the body of the animal depends upon the availability of water. Ab koi animal kitna pani ke content uske andar hai. Ya fir ab toh jaante hi hai.
What are the animals? All the animals living on earth are of different species and different places. Everyone has different making, respiration system, food system.
So, the waste products removal system is also different. Like aquatic animals like fishes excrete cell waste as ammonia. Like normal animals.
cow or buffaloes, it contains more urea in their waste material. But the whole system of fishes is different, respiration is different, digestion is different. They do everything but their system is a little different.
So when that waste is produced by their cells, then ammonia is produced. form meh hota hai toh ye ammonia ek aisa form hota hai joki direct water meh solve ho jaye take em so aquatic animals like fishes excrete cell waste as ammonia which directly dissolved in water some land animals like birds lizards snake excrete a semi-solid white colored compound uric acid ab aapne words ka jo excrete ya jo bhi excreted form hota hai wo toh dekha hi hoga wo white color ka semi solid hota hai tk wo kya hota hai actual mein that is also uric acid. The major excretory product in human is urea. And the most excretory product in human is also in the form of urea. Clear?
And where is this urea used? This urea is used in our plants and plants. Now this whole process you are seeing is a whole cycle.
What we did is we ate the fruits from the trees and plants. If we start with the sun, then the trees and plants made their food with the energy of the sun. We ate the fruits that were given to it. And our waste again gives energy to the trees and plants in the form of urea.
So this whole cycle continues continuously. Everywhere, whether it is the Earth, food chain, respiration, everything is in a proper cycle. Means, everything on the Earth is dependent on each other.
So, now let's take this jar. From here we understood that the excretory system of animals depends on the percentage of water in their body. Does it?
If we talk about fishes which are in water, then we have discussed about that. Ammonia is the waste which is directly dissolved in water. Now let's know in which case kidney failure is called. Sometimes a person's kidneys may stop working due to the infection or injury.
Now first of all, why does the kidney stop working? First thing is infection. There is such kind of infection in the body.
Now how can this infection happen? Okay. So due to which the kidney doesn't work or there is an accident or a big injury has happened. Due to that also kidney failure happens. As a result of kidney failure.
Now what will happen in your body due to kidney failure? Listen to this carefully. As a result of kidney failure, waste products start accumulating in the blood.
These waste products. For example, if kidney failure happens, then what happens to the kidney? The urea content from the blood is separated, mixed in water and excreted in the form of urine.
Now if the kidney is damaged, then what happens? Urea content or all the waste products in the blood remain the same. So as a result of kidney failure, waste products start accumulating in the blood. So these waste products start dissolving in the blood.
And such person cannot survive unless their blood is filtered. periodically through an artificial kidney. That's why you must have seen that if someone has kidney failure, then what they have to do is filter their blood with the help of an artificial kidney. Why?
Because the blood in them contains waste material. If the blood is with the waste material, then the person will not be able to live. His death conditions increase. That's why if someone has kidney failure, then it is suggested by doctors that he has to get dialysis done.
What does dialysis mean? With the help of an extra artificial kidney, the blood that has been impured in that person has to be purified. Did you see how important kidney plays an important role in our human body? Along with human body, animals also have kidney function. So, in all these, what is the function of kidney?
To remove waste from our body which is produced by blood cells. We are reading chapter number 11, which is called Transplantation in animals and plants. Well, some of its previous topics have been completed in our previous video. If you haven't watched it yet, then go and watch it by www.mangetbrains.com How are you watching it?
I will tell you in the end of this video. In today's video, we will cover some topics or words about which you will learn. So, today we will study about xylem and pholem. Apart from this, we will tell you what is transpiration?
plants. We will study about tissues and about many things that are used to transport things. So, let's discuss transport of substance in plants.
How do we pass this substance in plants? So, what substance am I talking about? Now, you know that plants are It processes photosynthesis in the day and respiration in the night. That means it releases oxygen and carbon dioxide in the day and carbon dioxide in the night. Food is made in the photosynthesis method which is made with the help of its leaves.
And the necessary minerals to make the food are found in its stem and roots. So, the nutrients came in the roots. Soil helps to absorb oxygen content from the roots and all the nutrients from the soil to plants. So how does this happen? How does it reach leaves from one place to another?
How does it reach from bottom to top? So this is what we have to discuss. This is what we are going to study in Transport of Substance in Plants.
Similarly, the food that is made with the help of photosynthesis goes to different parts of the plant. So you learnt that plants take water and mineral nutrients from the soil through the roots and transport it to the leaves. Now you know or we had read in the old chapters that all the water, minerals or nutrients go from the soil. Where does it go? It goes to the leaves of our plant.
The leaves prepare the food for the plant using water, and carbon dioxide during the photosynthesis like plant's What was the work of your roots? To bring water, minerals from soil to your leaves. Similarly, what was the work of leaves?
So, the work of leaves was to prepare food and to bring it to different parts of your plant. Food is the source of energy. This food is the source of energy and every cell of an organism gets its energy by the breakdown of glucose.
Now, the leaves that make our food. is in the form of glucose, whose breakdown is due to the help of oxygen, due to which carbon dioxide is released and we get energy. This is the same with all organisms, whether it is a plant or an animal.
So we had already read this story in our previous chapters. Clear? So, Now the cells use this energy to carry out vital activities of life.
Therefore food must be made available to every cell of an organism. Now because we get energy from food, everything gets energy from food. That means food is prepared in our part. aur usse jaha se bhi energy mele kal rahi hai uska zaruri hai hamari body ke chahe plant ho ya animal ho sabhi ki har cell tak pohchna zaruri hota hai So have you ever wondered how water and nutrition absorbed by the roots are transported to the leaves? And how is the food prepared by the leaves carried?
to the parts which cannot make food. So, just like our two questions had already come in our mind, now we have known all this, that roots work to bring water and necessary nutrients, leaves make food, and your respiration or whatever respiration system is there in your plants, with the help of oxygen content, energy is released. So now how does this energy, food, water, and nutrition reach every part?
Who works to deliver them? Like in our human body, animals have blood circulation. With the help of blood circulation, everything will reach every part. But this does not happen in your plants.
Then what happens in plants? So, plant absorbs water and minerals by the roots. The roots have root hair.
Now if you will see the structure of roots in higher classes, then you will know better what is the structure of roots. For now, it is enough to know that roots have hair in this way. Long hair.
What are root hair? The root hair increases the surface area of the root for the absorption of water, mineral. nutrition dissolved in water. What do these root hairs do?
These hairs increase the area of your root so that it absorbs the nutrition of the water in a better way. So the work of root hair is to increase the area of the roots so that the water, minerals and nutrition get dissolved in it. The root hair is in contact with the water present between the soil particles. Okay. These soil particles, in which roots are connected, root hair is connected to the soil.
That means the root hair goes inside the soil. Clear. So, can you guess how water moves from the root to the leaves?
What kind of transport system is present in the plant? So how did this happen that water is going up with the help of a hair? So plants have pipe-like vessels to transport water nutrition from the soil.
Now these plants have vessels like a pipe. Understand this. Roots have hairs so that its area can grow and it has a pipe-like structure.
This structure is like you put your pipe in water, then you see that the water slowly reaches the place where it has to go. Similarly, there are pipe-like vessels in it. The vessels are made of special cells forming the vascular tissues. What do these vessels do? The work of vessels is to transport water.
And whose vessels are these made of? They are made of special cells. which make vascular tissues.
Remember, vascular tissues. Okay? With the help of these vascular tissues, the nutrition and water goes to the body. A tissue is a group of cells.
Now, what does tissue mean? Tissue means a big form, a group. Means, small cells are also present in your plant. So, a tissue is a group of cells that perform specialized function in an organism.
The vascular tissue for the transport of water and nutrition in our plant is called called the xylem. What is it called? It is the vascular tissue that brings water and nutrition to the plant. It is called xylem.
Listen carefully. Roots have hairs. What is the work of the hair?
It is to go inside the soil and bring the necessary water and nutrition up. Now it has come up. Now how does it go to the plant? It has small pipe-like structures. which are made up of small cells These cells are interconnected These cells make up the vascular tissue Vascular tissue is a group of cells What you call it is a group of cells What we call that group is tissue or vascular tissue What will happen to the vascular tissue?
It will increase the water and nutrition plant different different part of the body and these vascular tissues which deliver water and nutrition we call it xylem. The xylem forms a continuous network of channels that connects root to the leaves through the stem and branches and thus transport water to the entire plant. This group of cells which you are calling as xylem, these small cells are spread all over the plant.
This is what the xylem does, it helps the roots to reach the stem and leaves. So, You know that leaf synthesized food. Now, what have we read about this? You must have understood this by now.
What was the root work of plant? The root work was to extract nutrition. All the necessary nutrients in the soil. air or water from the plant and take it up to the plant. So, there were hairs in it which work.
These hairs go up to the pipe and take all these things up. These are called tissues, vascular tissues. What is the work of xylem in these vascular tissues?
The work of xylem is to take water and nutrition to every point of the plant. Now, the root has done its work. Now, where does the food come from? Well, food is made on your leaves.
So, you know that the leaves synthesize food. The food has to be transported to all parts of the plant and this is done by the vascular tissues called the folium. So, what happens with the help of this phallum? This food reaches the body of the plant.
So, like the whole tissue of your xylem is made up of cells, in the same way, the phallum is also made up of tissues, which transfer this energy from leaves to stems and roots everywhere. Thus, the xylem and pholem transport the substance in plants. So, it means that the blood that is transported in humans or animals, in the same way, xylem and pholem transport the food or any other necessary nutrition in plants.
So, you have to remember the names of both of them very well. Remember for xylem, it flows water and nutrients in your entire plant. Okay? And what is the function of your pholium?
To deliver food to different parts of the plant. Clear? So, we have read about xylempholium.
Let's see through activity number 11.3, how this colored water, if you put it directly on the stamp, how it will start to reach your tree. So, what you have to do for this? We would require a glass tumbler, water, red ink and a tender heart.
like Balsam which produces colour so you have to arrange that plant or herb and a blade for the activity pour water to fill 1 third of the tumbler if you have taken tumbler like this then you have to fill it 1 third clear When you fill 1 third of the stem, add some drops of red ink. Cut the base of the stem of the herb and place it in the glass. Now you have to cut the stem like this.
How? If you cut the stem, it should look like this from below. A little inclined.
Now cut the stem and attach the balsam plant like this Now observe it the next day When you observe it the next day Does any part of the hair appear red? If yes, how do you think the colour reaches there? I will tell you what will happen when you do the activity When you do this activity The stem will start to appear red stem. So, he wants to ask you that okay, you saw the changes in it.
Now you tell me how do you think the color reaches there? Think a little how it would have gone. Well, I told you that it has pipes, vascular vessels, xylem.
What does it do? Whatever water is coming from below, it has a pipe form, made of cells. So, what does it do?
Slowly, it will work to reach different stems or to reach the stems of your plant. You can cut the stem across and look for the red color inside the stem. From this activity, we say that water moves up the stem. Take it. So, from this we will understand that the water that goes up with the help of the stem.
So, here is a diagram showing you the pictorial view of the stem. So, what are the things in the small cells in the middle? So, here is the follum, xylem, vascular bundle. What are all these? These are all combinations of cells, which are called by different names.
So, it contains Cortex, Epidermis, which are called epidermis. Cortex is the line type that you see when you cut the stem. So, all these work is of transportation.
To transport the nutrition and food. So, in other words, stem conducts water. Just like the red link, mineral dissolved in the water also moves up the stem along with the water. So in this activity, as the red color reaches our stem, similarly, all the minerals involved with water also reach our stem or plant in the same way. Water and minerals go to the leaves and other plant parts throughout the narrow tube xylem inside the stem.
And we have already told you that all these things happen with the help of xylem. So we understood the story that xylem and folium are the two things that deliver food and essential nutrients to the stem and leaves. Now it is the turn of transpiration.
So what is transpiration? You learnt that plants release a lot of water by the process of transpiration. Just like we sweat, if you touch the plants from above, you feel moist. So why does it happen?
It happens due to the process of transpiration. Plants absorb water. mineral nutrients and water from the soil not all the water absorbed is utilized by the plant the water evaporate through the stomata present on the surface of the leaves by the process of transpiration so a jo apne podhe ko chho kar ke dekha wo apko moist lag raha tha wo kis ki vajay se lag raha tha to wo extra water hai jo ki leaves ki madad se stomata se bahar ki taraf nikal jata hai tike isi process ko hum kya kaite hai This water which evaporates through stomata, we call this process as transpiration process.
Clear? So the evaporation of water from leaves generated a suction pull. The same that you produce when you suck water through a straw. How does this evaporation happen? It is like pulling water from a straw.
So this evaporation of water is seen from the outside of the stomata which can pull water to great height in the tall trees. Clear? This method is used to get water up like a straw.
As you can see here. So, how does it happen? As you are pulling water from the straw, it reaches the leaves of the top of the tree in a similar way.
How? Through evaporation. The water which was used by the lower stem, will evaporate and go up and then up again. And in this way, it reaches the top of the tree, which is the highest, reaches the top of the tree. The transpiration also cools the plant.
Just like sweating keeps us cool, the same way, transpiration helps to keep plants cool. So, what have you learnt from this video till now? In today's video, I told you about xylantholam. And I told you how food goes to different parts and how water and necessary nutrition go to different parts of the plant. Along with that, we saw that just like humans sweat, the same way, plants have transpiration which evaporates extra water.
due to this evaporation we see leaves are moist or if we talk about big plants or big trees due to this evaporation method water reaches the top leaves of the tallest tree with this topic, chapter 11 ends let's quickly take a recap that what all things we have read in this chapter So, you will also get to know that if you have missed any topic, then you can read it. Okay. So, let's start.
In most animals, the blood circulates in the body, distributes food and oxygen to different cells of the body. Well, this blood basically does this. It delivers food and oxygen to different cells of our body. Okay.
Remember this point. It also carries waste products from different parts of the body. for excretion or satisat yahi blood hai jo ki apke waste part ko bhi gula karke alag alag body part tak jaisa kidney tak yaa fir apke lungs tak pahchane ka kaam karega lungs tak nahi yada kidney tak zyadatak pahchane ka kaam karega ok circulatory system kya hota hai bhai circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels jiske wajah se blood ka circulation proper hota hai circulatory system me kya hoga heart and blood vessels in humans Blood flows through the arteries and veins and the heart acts as a pumping organ. In humans, blood flows through arteries and veins.
Now, I told you that the pure form of blood goes to different parts through arteries and with the help of veins, it sends impure blood. So, it works like a pumping organ. Clear?
So, blood consists of plasma. RBC WBC and platelets As I told you what happens in our blood So in blood there is plasma RBC WBC and platelets Blood is red due to the presence of red pigment called the hemoglobin The human heart beats about 70 to 80 times per minute in an adult person This is called the heart rate and what we call it We call it heart rate Clear arteries carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body what is the work of arteries? as I told you arteries carry blood to different parts of the body what is the work of veins? veins carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart the oxygen that comes from all the body Carbon dioxide, which is the amount of blood that is left, it means the work of delivering it to the heart.
Clear? So, removal of waste products from the body is called the excretion. The waste products produced in our body, the process of removing it out is called excretion.
Excretory system of humans consists of two kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder and a urethra. okay salts and urea are removed along with the water as sweat means the water that comes out of sweat is mixed with salt and water fish excrete waste substance such as ammonia which directly dissolved in the water and we also read about fish that the way they excrete their waste material it directly dissolves in the form of ammonia with water clear to Apart from this, we had told you that birds, insects, lizards excrete uric acid which is of semi-solid form. Water and mineral nutrients are absorbed by the roots from the soil. Now, what did we read after this? We had read about transpiration from here.
So, all the water or minerals reach to our tree plants through the roots. Nutrients are transported along with the water to the entire plant. via the vascular tissues called the xylem. What we have read about the xylem in this video, what does the xylem do?
The xylem, all the nutrients, The water will be transferred from the roots to the leaves. The vascular tissues for the transport of the food to the various parts of the plant is the Follum. So what happens with the Follum?
All the food that is prepared, it is transferred from the leaves to the roots. A lot of water is lost by plant in the form of vapor through the stomata during the transpiration. Transpiration is a process in which water is vaporized. Extra water is seen from outside the leaves. So sometimes if you touch a small plant, it feels moist.
Transpiration generates a force which pulls up a water absorbed by the roots from the soil. to reach the stem and leaves. With the help of this transpiration, the water reaches the leaves of the long trees like you suck the water from the roots of a straw. We have read all the topics of chapter 11. You can watch it in our previous videos. If you haven't watched it yet, So, you can go to www.magnetbrings.com and you can easily see there.
Now, it is turn of NCRT solution of chapter number 11. So, let's start from question number 1st which is Match structure given in column 1 with the function given in column 2. One structure is given and you have to tell what function this structure actually does. So, first of all, Stomata. So what is the work of stomata?
Well, the work of stomata is to exchange gases and to transpiration. Do you remember what is transpiration? The process in which the water comes out of the leaves in the form of vapor and in this process, a force of this type is applied on the water.
In the form of vapor, it reaches the leaves from the root to the stem. Okay. So what else is there in stomata? So there is transpiration and gases are exchanged.
Let's see what option is given from these two. So here is transpiration. So what will be the right option for stomata? Transpiration.
Xylem. What is the work of xylem? Well, the work of xylem is to reach the stem to the leaves of the water absorbed by the root hair.
So what is the right option for xylem? Transport of water. What will it do?
It will work to transport water. Then is root hairs. So what do root hairs do? As we have read with xylem, root hairs work for absorption of water. So what will come for root hairs?
Absorption of water. What is the work of the follum? As xylem works to transport water, the work of the follum is to transport food. So here we will see. food transport okay so let's see how it is yes stomata does what transpiration xylem will do transport of water root hair absorption of water and folium transport of food so with this question number first complete we will move on to question number two the blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the blood How does it go in different parts of our body?
So, two things are there, arteries and veins. So, it goes with the help of arteries. So, what should come here? Arteries.
Okay. Here we write arteries. Hemoglobin is present in dash cells. Now, hemoglobin forms red color.
In which cell should it be present? So, hemoglobin is present in RBC, red blood cells. Okay.
Arteries and veins are joined by a network of. So arteries and veins, where do they meet? So remember the diagram, there was a network below, that was of capillaries. So this will be capillaries.
Then after that, the rhythmic expansion and contraction of heart. What is your heart? It expands and then contracts. Then expansion and then contract. Because of which you can hear something.
What do you hear? heartbeat the heart is called the heart rate yeah for heartbeats taken next step the main excretory product in human being is human being means you mean product with excrete is urea the sweat contains water and water What is in Phosphite? Salt along with water. So, here will be salt. Kidneys eliminate the waste material in the liquid form called.
So, which waste material is eliminated from the kidneys? Which is excreted? That is urine.
Okay, let's see further. Water reaches great height in the tree because of the suction pull caused by. So, this suction pull means pulling the water upwards. due to which it reaches other parts so why this suction happens? because of transpiration what will you write here?
transpiration right so here our philindri blanks are completed let's see if all our options are correct yes, first artery, second red blood cells capillaries, heart beat, urea, salt, urine and transpiration clear we will move ahead and see what is the third question Choose the correct option. You have to tell the correct option. In plants, water is transported through.
So, why water is transported in plants? Xylem, folium, stromata or root hair. So, who does the work of transporting?
Xylem. Root hair does the work of absorbing. So, its option will be xylem. Okay.
Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants. Now, how can water absorption be increased? If we keep the plant in shade or dim light, covered with a polythene bag or under fan. Well, if you keep the plant under fan, then the absorption of water will be very good.
So, its option should be under the fan. Clear? Yes. So here question number 3rd is completed.
Both the options were under the fan which we have already marked. We will move ahead to question number 4. Why is transport of material necessary in a plant or an animal? Explain.
Why is it important to transport any material in plants and animals? What is the meaning of transportation? Transportation means to transport the necessary minerals and nutrients to different parts of our body, animals and plants.
Along with that, the waste material coming out of our body is also transportation. How? The blood that works in our body or in the body of animals, It delivers the necessary oxygen to different body parts through blood. And this same blood which is the waste carbon dioxide, it also works to take it out.
Taking it out means to take it to the place from where it will be released outwards. So why is transportation important in plants and animals? It has been asked by you. So it is important because in plants and animals, with transportation, important minerals and important nutrients are obtained. These important minerals and nutrients help plants and animals grow properly.
Water is transported to different parts of the plant with the help of xylem. And food is produced with the help of folium. The blood circulation in animals will help oxygen to go to different parts.
If this does not happen, then what will happen? If oxygen is not in all the places, then proper functioning will not be possible. And if oxygen is not in the right place at the right time, then the person or the animal can also be dead. Clear?
So, that's why transportation is important. How can you write the answer to this? You can see.
Transport of material is necessary for plants or animals because due to it, the nutrients and oxygens are made available to all the parts of the body. If the transport of necessary nutrients and oxygen does not take place in the body, the body will not be able to survive. Right, so here we will complete question number 4. Let's move ahead to question number 5. What will happen if there are no platelets in the body, in the blood?
Well, if there are no platelets in the blood, then WBC count or WBC which is your red white blood cells, there are platelets in that. What will happen if platelets are not present? So, remember that incident.
Bujo told that he fell down while playing and blood started to flow. This blood stopped after a while. Why did it stop? Because there was a clot of blood.
This clot of blood is formed due to platelets. Now think, if there were no platelets in his blood, then what would have happened? This blood would have been continuously flowing and would not have stopped.
If blood does not stop, then what will happen? Blood will be reduced in our body and we will get sick or we will become very weak. We may have to go to the doctor.
So what is important is that platelets should remain in the blood so that what happens, if such a condition comes, then it is better to give a clot in that condition. There are many functions with it, but we will talk about them later. high class may but they have to fill all the blood platelets are responsible for the clotting of the blood when some injury occur blood starts flowing but it clots on its own if there are no platelets the blood will not be able to clot and keeping on flowing huge loss of blood ultimately causes death clear Charlie so you have a platelet skew the Rudy high is go Johnny K bar are you budding a push number six part So what are stomata? Give two functions of stomata. What is stomata?
Tell me its two functions. So where is stomata found? So first of all you can tell that stomata is present in the leaves of the plant.
On the lower layer of the plant's leaves. This stomata is actually tiny pores. What are these? These are tiny tiny pores.
These are small small points. These are pores. These are open points. What happens with the help of these pores? With the help of these pores, the gas is exchanged, that is, the oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported.
Or you can say that they leave the oxygen and take the carbon dioxide and in some respiration system they also use carbon dioxide. So basically, it releases the oxygen. Stomata is also called green pigmentation. Is it clear? So, I have told you its function.
First, it exchanges gases. Second, it does transpiration. Okay. So, you can give an answer in this way.
There are small openings on the lower surface of the leaves. These pores are called the stomata. These are the leaves whose lower surface have these small openings. These are called stomata. These openings are surrounded with the guard cells.
Okay. These openings are surrounded by guard cells. So the function of stomata is it helps in transpiration of water that is the loss of excess water from the plant.
Loss of water from stomata creates an upward pull that is suction pull which helps in absorption of water from the roots. They help in exchange of gas. They do transpiration that is why excess water comes from the roots upwards. and this water comes up along with a suction pool it reaches every part of our plant along with this, what does this stomata do?
as I told you it is successful for the exchange of gases so let's move on to question number 7 does transpiration serve any useful function in plants? explain so what does transpiration do in plants? so what does transpiration mean? water when you touch a small plant they look a little moist means water reaches different parts of the plant through the roots along with the suction pool why is this transpiration important?
because of this transpiration important minerals reach different body parts of plants. And the way humans sweat, the same way it transpires in plants. Transpiration maintains their temperature, that means it cools them down.
So, you can give its answer in this way, like it helps to enhance the absorption of water and dissolved minerals by the creation of suction pool. It helps in getting rid of the excess water. It helps in transport of water and minerals to the leaves.
leaves use the water for the photosynthesis. Because this water is used by the leaves for photosynthesis. That is why transpiration is important.
And last, as I told you, it produces a cooling effect on the plant. Just like humans' body is cool due to sweating, in the same way, plant gets a cooling effect due to transpiration. Clear?
Here we will do after question number 7. We will do after question number 8. So, question number 8 is what are the components of blood? He is asking about the components of blood. That means, what are the things in the blood that you have to tell. So, we had studied that blood is made up of plasma, plasma, RBC, WBC, platelets.
So, these are all components. So, you can see its answer in this way that what does plasma do? What do red blood cells do?
What do white blood cells do? And what do platelets do? So, what is the function of plasma? Plasma is a liquid part of the blood. which is yellowish in color and contain 90 percent of water taken to the proper blood circulation.
For both, what is important is that you drink as much water as possible. Because plasma, as you can see, is a liquid part of our blood. Because it is yellowish in colour which contains 90% water. It contains food, enzymes, waste and proteins. All the foods, enzymes, products or waste products are all present in this plasma.
What happens in this? Red blood cells are disorganized. shaped cells that containing red colored pigmented called the hemoglobin in it and hemoglobin helps in transportation of oxygen As I have explained you earlier, the main function of Hemoglobin is to transport oxygen to our body. So if Hemoglobin is less in the body, that means oxygen content is decreasing somewhere in the body. That is why it is important to maintain Hemoglobin.
After that, who is the next component of the blood? After that, the next component of the blood is its white blood cell. Now what does white blood cells do?
They transport oxygen to our body. which produce infection or the germs that come, to kill them, these white blood cells do. So white blood cells are the fighting cells which protect us against bacteria and foreign material causing infection.
What is platelets? As I told you that if you get hurt, after some time you see that blood stops flowing. Why does it stop? Because clotting of blood is created there. Who does it?
The blood cells that are formed in the bloodstream, platelets so platelets helps in clotting of the blood so they are so these are some components of the bloods her component of blood ke baare mein aapko bahut behtar tadike se yaad rakhna hai toh yaha par karte hai is question ko complete aage badenge dikhenge ki hamara next question kya hai so why is blood needed by all the parts of the body well yeh puch raha hai aap se ab yeh toh aapko achase pata hai ki blood ki zaruvat kyu hai toh bhai blood hi ek aisey cheez hai jo ki aapki body mein properly circulate. Blood contains oxygen, food, nutrients and waste. So, blood is important in our body because it will provide oxygen, nutrients and food to different parts of the body.
The waste that is produced, for example, carbon dioxide that is contained in the blood, will produce carbon dioxide. heart through lungs so that carbon dioxide will be released from your body Clear? So blood is very important, it is obvious So blood is needed by all the parts because it contains the digested food and oxygen in it It supply the oxygen and digested food to various part of the body to provide essential energy to them which helps the body to perform the various functions obviously but they blood key other name a guy body part name proper amount of oxygen a mule a proper amount of energy name a lady to hamara query a grass apart hey this my blood need flow car para hey to us my proper energy Nene hoge offer vocami Nene carpaiga clear agi birthday a cushion number nine k bar cushion number ten per what makes the blood look red Now what is the reason of red colour in blood? I told you that blood has red pigmentation which is called hemoglobin.
Because of hemoglobin, the blood looks red. What is the function of pigments? We had just read in our previous question that what is the function of pigments? oxygen ko carry karna aur hamare different body part tak pohchana.
Okay, so our red pigmented called hemoglobin gives the blood its red color. This pigment help in carrying oxygen to various part of the body by blood. Clear? So here we have completed question number 10. Let's move ahead and see what is the next question.
Describe the function of the heart. Well, what is the function of the heart? Well, now you know what our heart does.
It will take the oxygen mixed blood to various parts. Okay. With the help of arteries.
And veins which we call ventricles, which helps to get the oxygen mixed blood which contains carbon dioxide and it will reach your lungs. So your heart, because on the right side there are arteries and on the left side there are ventricles, so with the help of these, your oxygen mixed blood reaches your body and carbon dioxide mixed blood works to remove it. So basically it will work like a purifier.
So this thing, whatever your blood is, purified hair was a key different body parts may put Janika come cut down so the right or tick oricles and the ventricle receive the blood which with carbon dioxide from all parts of the body the collected blood is then pumped to the lungs for the purification in lungs the exchange of gas take places and purified blood is sent back to the left vertical and it pumps into the left ventricle which in turn pump of the purified blood to all parts of the body through the arteries Clear? So, let's go to the heart. Very important.
So, let's go to the heart. So, let's go to the heart. next question number 12 why it is necessary to excrete waste product well our body makes many types of waste products as you have seen when you eat food waste will be produced in large intestine and comes out Along with that, your kidneys also separate the waste product which contains a lot of urea. Your lungs work to remove carbon dioxide. So, understand this point wise.
What happens if there is oxygen content in the blood? There is. Carbon dioxide is also contained. If these two are combined, what will happen? If these two are combined, then carbon hemoglobin is produced.
Carbohemoglobin. So, this is the... It creates a poison in the body So, human can die So, first thing is that carbon dioxide should come out So, it is important to remove the waste from the body Second thing is that if urea content is also in our body Then our body will be very healthy acidity that means he is also necessary to come out so kidney properly functioning is necessary if properly food is not digested then also it will trouble you and if your undigested food is not gone out then you can have stomach related problems in many ways so it is necessary that the waste part in your body should not be found along with blood and it should not react in such a way that it can cause human death. So, it is important to get out of excreted waste. Certain waste and toxic products are formed during the functioning of the body cell.
The waste products like the urea etc are toxic. When these toxic materials are not removed from the body, they get mixed with the blood and can damage the cells of the body. It is necessary to remove such poisonous waste material from our body.
Clear? So, let's see question number 13. What you have to do here is to draw excretory system in which you have to tell about all parts. As you know that excretory system has kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra and urinary opening. So, you have to see this diagram and draw it.
So well, with this question, we complete the NCRT solution of our chapter number 11. Well, if you have missed some previous topics of this chapter or you have not been able to read it, then where can you see it? Well, you can see it. www.magnetbrains.com You just have to type on url www.magnetbrains.com This way a screen will open If you see below You will see the classes For example, you are from class 7 Select Class 7. Selecting this, another screen opens in which every subject has folders. Whatever subject you want to study, click on Watch Now. Clicking on Watch Now, another screen opens in which chapter-wise all the videos are given.
Topics, subtopics, everything is there. Just click on whatever topic you want to study. Clicking on it, a video will open.
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