[Music] foreign [Music] the Medieval World the study of the past is divided into periods the period that lies between the ancient and the modern periods of history is known as the middle or medieval period in India the medieval period stretched from the beginning of the eighth to the end of the 18th century that is for nearly 1100 years the 8th century is generally taken as the beginning because Society economy polity religion and culture underwent many changes during this century similarly the 18th century witness still more changes marking the end of medieval and beginning of the modern period the medieval period is divided into the early medieval period and late medieval period the early medieval period stretched from the 8th to the 13th century the palace pratiharas rashtrakutas cholas and the rajputs were the powerful ruling dynasties during this period the late medieval period lasted from the 13th to 18th century it covered the rule of the Turks the Afghans and the mughals our country is commonly referred to as Bharat India or Hindustan it is however interesting to note that India was known by different names at different points in history and jambudwipa are two of the earliest names by which our country was known in ancient times India was also known as the land of the people who lived along the river Sindhu the Sanskrit word Sindhu was growth of a mixed culture there was interaction between North and South India and between Hindus and Muslims the cultural exchanges led to the growth of a culture that was above Regional and caste differences it was an Indian culture the Muslim dynasties particularly the mughals provided many centuries of political stability to the country this led to an increase in trade and the rapid growth of towns and cities trade led to a greater interaction between people from different parts of the world India borrowed many things from the cultures of other countries during medieval period Islam spread in India bhakti and Sufi movements spread the message of Devotion to the god and kindness towards human being like the ancient period information on the medieval period is derived from archaeological and literacy sources there is an abundance of sources for this period the books written during this period are available to us and The Monuments that were constructed still stand archaeological sources includes temples palaces mosques thoughts tombs coins inscriptions utensils tools weapons ornaments and paintings they give us an idea of the political social and economic history of the time many rulers particularly in South India encourage temple building temples thus are a rich sources of religious and cultural history foreign s are another valuable source as they tell us about the customs food habits dress and jewelry of the period coins are very important for the study of the medieval period they give a states of important political events a book on coins titled dry pratiksha was written during the reign of Arlo Deen kalji it lists the coins minted during the reign of the sultan written records of the medieval period are found in plenty paper was easily available during this period therefore most writings of this period is on paper it includes Chronicles of Court historians biographies autobiographies and correspondence of Kings other court records such as those regarding Justice and taxes and travelogues a Chronicle is a record of the rule of the Kings and life at the court most Kings had court Chronicles who wrote In detail about what happened during their reign most of this writings are in Persian and Turkish let us see some important Chronicles of the medieval period rajatarangini Baikal Han is a history of the kings of Kashmir which describes the history of The Sultans of Delhi till the reign of hirosh ta is a record of the history of the Delhi Sultans from the time of the Turks till the 17th century by Amir khusro deal with the reign of kaljis and the tuga looks among the autobiographies the most important areas bye Babar and tuzuki jahangiri by Emperor jahangir some biographies of the medieval period are prithviraj raso by Chand bardai describes the life and adventure of the Chauhan ruler prithviraj Chauhan humayun Amma by gulbatan begum gives a lot of information about the reign of the Mughal emperor humayun describes the events of Emperor akbar's reign many foreign Travelers visited India during the medieval period their travelogues gives us lot of information about the places they visited and the people they met some of the well-known visitors who wrote travelogues are alberuni who came from Central Asia which gives a lot of information about the geography of India who was sent by the ruler of Persia to the kingdom of vijayanagar Travelers also came from Europe Marco Polo Nicola Conte and Nichola omanuchi Came From Italy Duarte babosa and the Mingo Pace from Portugal Ralph Fitch William Hawkins and Sir Thomas raw from England Anne Bernier and Tavernier from France their writings and letters are a valuable source of History foreign [Music]