Chapter 21, Lecture 8 is Veins. Veins of the systemic circulation are going to drain blood from the entire body and return it to the right side of the heart. The deep veins are going to be very similar to the arteries we just looked at, but the superficial veins are going to be extra ones. They're found just beneath the skin.
Remember, these are going to be the service reservoirs of blood. All venous blood drains in either the superior inferior vena cava or the coronary sinus. So we have the superior vena cava here, we have the inferior vena cava here, and then the coronary sinus is over there. And these are going to drain different areas of the body.
We have the brachiocephalic vein and that is going to split. into the internal jugular and the right subclavian. Coming off the right subclavian is the vertebral and the external jugular.
So if you want to remember the difference between the carotids and the jugulars, you can go external jugular, vertebral, internal jugular, EVI. For the jugulars, the carotids, it would be vertebral, and then internal and external. So it would be VIE.
So it's either EVI or VIE. So the external and internal jugulars are going to drain the head and neck to the superior vena cava, and they are going to take blood from the doral venous sinuses. They go into the internal jugular. Okay, so when we're looking at the system of drainage, these arrows go in the other direction. The dorsal digital goes to the dorsal metacarpal, goes to dorsal venous network of the hand, goes to the right accessory cephalic.
Here we go to the right cephalic and bacillic. The cephalic goes to the subclavian. The bacillic goes to the brachial, which goes to the axillary to the subclavian.
Here we have the right palmar digital, goes to the right palmar venous flexus. The right median antebrachial, which goes to the bacillic and the cubital. palmar metacarpal is going to go to the right deep venous arch palmar venous arch which goes to the right radial artery the right proper palmar digital goes to the right common palmar digital and the right superficial palmar venous arch which goes to the right ulna both the radial and ulnar go to the brachial which goes to the axillary the subclavian the internal jugular the brachiocephalic and subpenior you superior vena cava.
So here you can see the superficial veins includes here we have the axillary which becomes the basilic. Over here we have the cephalic. In between we're going to have the deep vein called the brachial. So it will be axillary, basilic, brachial, cephalic. A, B, A, B, R. CE alphabetical order as it goes across then here we're going to have if we're looking at the deep veins we'll have the radials and ulnars down here so axillary the cilic brachial cephalic so the system of drainage in the abdomen we have the subcostal and the ascending lumbar fusing to make the azygous goes to superior vena cava.
The right internal jugular, right subclavian go to the right brachycephalic which goes to superior vena cava. Accessory hemi-azygous and hemi-azygous go to the azygous which goes to superior vena cava. Then left subcostal and left ascending lumbar go to the hemi-azygous which goes to the azygous which goes to superior vena cava.
Alright so here you can see Up here are the brachiocephalic, right and left brachiocephalic. And unlike the arteries, here we have right brachiocephalic and left brachiocephalic arteries. Behind where the heart would be is where the azygus vein is.
And then we have the accessory hemi-azygus on this side and the hemi-azygus down here. So if you can remember with... this the A's are above the diaphragm the azygous and accessory hemi-azygous and the H or the hemi-azygous is below the diaphragm Coming off the inferior vena cava, once you go through the diaphragm, you find the hepatics.
Notice we don't have anything here, any of the mesenterics. We don't have a gastric. We don't have any of those because all the blood there is going to flow to the, all the blood from the digestive system is going to go through the hepatic portal system and go to the liver, and the liver is going to the hepatic vein. is going to drain here at the common hepatic, I mean at the hepatic. We still have a suprarenal and a renal.
We still have a gonadal, but none of the ones down the center. The little tail here now is called the middle sacral rather than the median sacral, but we still have the common iliac, the internal and external iliacs. And the external iliac is going to become the femoral.
So here you can see. the azygous, the accessory hemi-azygous, and the hemi-azygous. Okay, and the same thing down here, you can see a much clearer view of the veins. Alright, now in addition to the deep vein, which is the femoral, we've got the popliteal, the anterior tibial, the posterior tibial, and the fibular.
We're also going to have two important superficial veins. We have the longest vein in our body, the saphenous, the great saphenous vein, which goes down the interior part of the thigh or the medial part of the thigh, and the small saphenous, which goes down the lateral side of the calf. Okay, so I mentioned the hepatic portal vein. All of the blood from the digestive system is going to travel through capillaries and then into venules that are going to send, fuse, and form the hepatic portal vein.
This takes deoxygenated nutrient-rich blood to the liver so the liver can check it out, detoxify things, make glycogen from glucose, do all the things the liver does. and check everything out before it puts that digestion system blood into circulation. Venipuncture is normally performed at the cubital fossa, or at the dorsum of the hand, or at the great saphenous vein in infants.
Goals for Lecture 8. Describe venipuncture. Describe the path of flow through the veins from the hand and foot back to the right atrium. Label a diagram of all the major veins in the torso, head, and upper and lower extremities.