Hello everyone this is Riya Chandog and in this video we will study the very first chapter of class 7 social studies we will study the chapter number one of history where when and how the medieval period in India so first of all we will know that what all we are going to study in this class or in this video so in this video first of all we will see that the three periods into which the period in which history is divided Right, then we will see few things about the medieval history. A short gist of the medieval history we will see. After that we will see the impact of geography on the history of the world. impact of geography on history of India on India's history then in class we will know about the sources of study of medieval history sources of information of medieval history right so let's first of all start with the period in which history is divided at first we know what is history history is about the study of the past right so what happened in order to make the study of history easier for us what did historians do historians divided the entire history into three major periods. They have split the history into three periods.
What are those periods of history? So the entire history is divided into three major periods. That is, the main periods of Indian history are the ancient period, the medieval period and the modern period.
Right, about the ancient period we have already studied in class 6th, right, it stretches from the time from humans learnt to write, right, the ancient period of Indian history, it stretches from the time humans learnt to write till the date. till the date of the king Harshvardhan death. Right?
So, it stretches from the human slum to right till the death of king Harshvardhan. Harshvardhan. Right?
Which we have already... covered in our class 6th. Now, if we talk about the medieval history, right, it started, we will study about the medieval history in class 7th and the medieval history started when the King Harshvardhan died, right, that means it started in 647 CE with the death of, death of King Harshvardhan, right, King Harshvardhan or Harsha.
And if we talk about the modern history, it started when the Mughal Empire in India started breaking up, right? And the rule of the British government started to establish in India, right? So about the modern history, we will study.
the further classes we'll study in further classes so our class seven flavors of history is based upon the medieval period of indian history next next few classes we'll study about the medieval period of Indian history. So, the medieval period of Indian history, it ranges from 647 CE till 1700 CE. So, it ranges from 647 CE till 1700 CE.
That means it started with the death of the king Harshadun till the date Mughals were ruling on India, right? So, the medieval period of Indian history is further divided into two parts. is the early medieval period and the later medieval period.
Right? The early medieval period. and the later medieval period. So the early medieval period it ranges from 647 CE till 1200 CE and the later medieval period ranges from 1200 CE to 1700 CE.
That is 1700 comma era. Right? So our class 7th discussion will be entirely based upon the history of the medieval time. That is we will start our discussion with the death of the king Harshvardhan.
647 CE and it will stretch from it will stretch till 1700 CE till the time Mughals ruled in India right. Now if we talk about the medieval period of Indian history that means if we talk about the time period from 647 CE to 1700 CE it has brought a number of changes in all the major spheres of It has brought a number of changes in the political sphere of life, political means related to politics, to the administration related to the government or the public affairs of the country it has got a number of changes in the social as well as the society norms of the people the medieval period has also got a number of changes in the economic activities of the people economic refers to relating to money relating to trade and management of other financial resources it has also got a number of changes in the cultural norms of the people right so medieval period has saw a number number of changes in all the spheres of life. During this period, many invaders came into India, many invaders from various parts of India came here. Like India was invaded by the Turks, India was invaded by Afghans, it was invaded by the Persian people, it was also invaded by Mongols and so on. So, the north part of India was invaded by so many people who can came from different parts of the world, right?
But the south side of India remained comparatively peaceful. It remained comparatively less invaded from the outsiders and various powerful kingdoms like the Rashtrakutas, right? The Rashtrakutas. Cholas, Cheras, etc. they established in the south part of the India. Right?
Now next we are going to see that what was the impact of geography on history of India. impact of geography on history of India. So children, we all know that India is a vast land. It has diverse landforms. It has almost all the kinds of landforms.
India has big mountains like the Himalayas. It has plateaus like the Deccan Plateau. It has the deserts like the Thar Desert or even it is blessed with the fertile northern plains as well, right?
So the geography of a land has affected its history also. The physiographic features of the Indian subcontinent has also affected the history of India. As a result, the different parts of the Indian subcontinent develop differently.
So, if we talk about the north part of India, if we talk about the northern part of India or the uppermost part of India, that is invaded by various independent kingdoms from outside India. Various invaders came into India, right? But if you talk about the southern part of the India, the southern part of the India was like more into the regional kingdoms.
Outsiders could not enter India. So it was ruled by the various regional kingdoms only, right? So if you talk about the physiographic features, in the north there are Himalayas, right?
So, Himalayas though it has acted as a barrier for many. invaders to enter into India but these Himalayas also had low line passes right it also had spaces in between through which various invaders like the Turks, the Persians, the Mongols or the Afghans they came into India and settled in India. Even the northern plains right the plains the northern plains of India are very fertile right it has various rivers also flowing through them.
So So because of this northern place, most of the great empires also settled in India near the river the basin of the river in the Ganga and so on right but if we talk about the Deccan-Plato region the Deccan-Plato region of India was surrounded by the Vindhya and the Satpura mountain ranges so these Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges were very high and they acted as a barrier for the invaders to enter into these parts of the India and thus as a result these parts, the Deccan-Plato region was mostly ruled by the Indian empires only like the Rashtrakutas, Cholas, Cheras and so on. Now let's see that what are the different terms that were used to describe the Indian subcontinent. Terms used to describe Indian subcontinent.
So before that let us know that what is Indian subcontinent. So Indian subcontinent is a term which is used to include the present day India. So Indian subcontinent include the present day India as well as Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Pakistan.
So So, the term which is used to include all these places, it is termed as Indian subcontinent. So, if we talk about the terms that are used to describe the Indian subcontinent, in the history of India, India was known by different names at different time. Right? It was called by different name.
At first, India was known as Saptasindhu. Saptasindhu. What is the meaning of Saptasindhu? It means the land of seven rivers. land of seven rivers.
It was known by like the Vedic people they used to call the India as Saptasindhu or the land of seven rivers. Why? Because here seven rivers flow and the name of the seven rivers are Indus, Jhelum, Beas, Ravi, Satlaj, Saraswati and Chena. So due to these seven rivers which flow in India, the land of India used to be called as Sabta Sindhu.
Now another name which the Indian subcontinent... assume was Hindustan. So how does India got the name Hindustan? So there was a theory behind it. So as per the theory, the word Hindu is derived from the word Indu.
But what is Indu? So, the Vedic period, they used to have a drink which was named as Hindu, right? Hindu was a drink which was very essential for performing few rituals of the Vedic period, right? And from Hindu, it came the Hindu, right?
So, Hindu were the people who used to drink that drink named as Hindu. And the place where the Hindu's people used to live came to be called as Hindustan. Hindustan. So, India got the name Hindustan from the drink drink which the Vedic period people used to drink that is Hindu right and from Hindu the people who used to drink the drink Hindu they were known as Hindu and the people where the Hindus lived came to be known as Hindustan. Now later on India was also called as Aryavarta.
Aryavarta or the land of Aryans. So the people where the Aryans used to live that came to be known as Aryavarta. Again India was also known as Bharatvarsha.
Why they came to be known as Bharatvarsh? Because here the descendants of the King Bharat used to live. Right? That is why it is known as Bharatvarsh. Then if we talk about the few little things.
of Arabic and Persian people in various Arabic and Persian literature the India was called as him right in the media was called as in fear in person as well as in big literature right but the greek people the greek people used to call in India as Indica, right? So India was also known as Indica by the Greek people and it is believed that it is through Indica that India got the name as India. So we now call India as India, right? So, these were the few terms that were used to describe the Indian subcontinent.
I again repeat, initially it was known as Saptasintu or the land of seven rivers and the seven rivers are Indus, Jhelum, Vyas, Ravi, Satla, Saraswati and Chitra. Jainal. Then it was also called as Hindustan. Why it was called as Hindustan? Because the Vedic period they used to drink a drink Hindu, right?
Hindu was the name of a drink and the people who used to drink Hindu was known as Hindu and the place where Hindu used to live came to be known as Hindustan. Then it was India was also known as Aryavarta. It was also known as Bharatvarsha where the descendants of the Bharat lives.
Where the descendants of Bharat live. Right. And in various perversions as well as in epic literature India was called.
called as Hind and the Greek people used to call India as Indica. Right? Now at last we will see the sources of the study of medieval history. Sources of medieval history. history.
So the historians they rely on various information to draw conclusions about the history. In our class 6 we have studied that how historians used to study archaeology or they used to depend upon the archaeology to know about the period of ancient history right they used to excavate the land they used to dig out various places things from the like land and then they used to drop meaningful conclusions. from them, right? But now if we now talk about the sources of medieval history, it is divided into five major parts, right? So, the different sources which are being used by the historians to draw meaningful conclusion about the medieval history are first of all, first of all, they are epigraphic evidence.
Epigraphic evidences. Right, all the graphic evidences are also known by inscriptions. So the historians have studied the various inscriptions which they have found in the various parts of India to know about the medieval history. Then the next is numismatic evidences, right? Evidences or the coins.
So the historians they have studied the various coins which they have got from different parts of the world and they have drawn meaningful conclusion right. helped the historians to draw conclusions as the coins used to contain the year into which it was issued right it used to contain different figures it used to contain the name of the king who issued them even different kinds of coins the historians have found like they have found the copper coins they have found gold coins they have found silver coins and so on right now the next source of information is the archaeological evidences archaeological evidences or you can say the buildings, sculptures etc. etc. which the historians have found to draw the conclusions about. the medieval history also the artistic evidence or the paintings we can say the artistic evidence or the paintings also serve as an important source of information for the medieval history because what did rulers used to do they used to have their pictures painted by the painters so through them we can actually know that who which all kings ruled and who ruled after them or that what was entire like a family or who were the ancestors or who were the people who were the kings and so on right through these artistic evidences another another source of medieval history are the literally evidences.
right the little the written evidences the literary evidences or we can also tell it as historical writings so during the medieval period various invaders or we can say various travelers various students various intellectual people they visited india and they also note down their findings right they also noted down their findings and which are very helpful for the historians to collect information about the past and to draw meaningful conclusions about the past. Even there are few Indian or I can say indigenous literature also. So, these literary evidences are being divided into two sources that is indigenous as well as foreign sources, right?
So, these literary evidences are of two types that is indigenous sources that means indigenous sources that has been written by the Indians and the foreign sources. That means the various foreigners who came into India as students or travelers or invaders, they wrote their experiences of India. And by reading about the suffering, all these evidences, historians have drawn meaningful conclusions regarding the history of India. Right?
So children, that was a quick recap of the chapter 1. When, where and how the medieval period in India. I hope the video was helpful to you all. in case you wanted to go through through the book exercises of this chapter you can click on the i button there you will find the video related other videos related to this chapter in case you have any doubt any query you can always ask or in case you have any special respect regarding the future videos you can always mention thank you for watching the video happy learning to you