hey and welcome back to the second part of the reproductive system we're going to finish off the male reproductive system in this video so hopefully it won't take very long and we'll be on your way all right so we want to talk about how do we deliver the sperm um uh once they have been made in the testes how did they go where they're supposed to go so um each testis has its own set of ducts to transport and store the sperm as they mature so coming off of the off of the seminar first two bills we have this little mesh work called the Reedy testis um just the sperm okay I don't really care about what they're made out of so we go really test this then we come to the efferent ductuals and the efferent ductuals um have this ciliated culinary epithelium to help move the sperm towards the epididymis and then they'll go into the epididymis all the efferent actual so the epididymis is kind of common shaped it kind of looks like a grub on top of the testes and um has a head body and tail and it sits on top of the testes and its job is to store the sperm until they are fully mature and modal and then we go into the ductus deference now you may know it as the vast difference if you had a vasectomy or you know of someone or you've heard of a vasectomy it's cutting the the ductus deferens but we're going to refer to it as a ductus deferens because bass means vessel and this is actually adductant on a vessel all right so the sperm will enter the ductus deferens after the they leave the epididymis then it's going to be within the spermatic cord that goes through the inguinal Canal right there where your hip bone goes to your pubic bone or ilium goes to your pubic bone and then it goes up into the pelvic cavity it's going to go along the back of the bladder and come around to the front where the bladder and the prostate meat and then um it's going to unite with the seminal vesicle which is one of the glands to form the ejaculatory duct which we'll get to in a minute you don't need to know ampulla okay the ejaculatory duct is going to connect the ductus deferens carrying the sperm and the seminal vesicle so the semen coming from the seminal vesicle so that will unite and then we'll send it into the urethra so the ejaculatory duct connects to urethra so it's at this point that the urethra becomes also a genital structure for the urogenital system all right and then the urethra is going to transmit transmit transport the semen from the ejaculatory ducts on each side to outside of the body so the part of the urethra that runs through the prostagland is called the prostatic as it goes through the diode urogenital diaphragm or the floor of the pelvis oops floor of pelvis is the urogenital diaphragm we call it membranous urethra and then as it goes into the penis we would call it the spongy urethra sometimes we refer to it as penile but spongy is better because it refers to the spongy erectile tissue that we find within the penis so if we look at all of these parts so we have here was the reading testis is in here and the efferentuctuals we go into the epididymis then we're going to go into the ductus deferens and it's going to go up and around here the seminal vesicles here's the ejaculatory duct right here there's the prostate gland and we go into the urethra so then we have the prostatic urethra member nurse urethra and spongy urethra and then out of the body all right so semen or seminal fluid is alkaline because the vagina is acidic and so we want to neutralize that um acidic environment oh I wasn't even looking at that that's just what I was I was just telling you that's what it's for but that's why um and then it also gives nutrients to the sperm as they move through the female reproductive tract because they need to make ATP so that the flagellum can swim where are you going to get the energy from so they're going to be produced by the seminal vesicles the prostate gland and then sort of kind of the bubble urethral gland this is really semen is this this is pre-ejaculate so it doesn't carry sperm in it just these two will have sperm in their semen but this is this is beforehand and we'll talk about its role in a minute all right seminal vesicles posterior urinary bladder we don't really care about this this is what we want secretes alkaline fluid with fructose and prostaglandins fructose nourishes the sperm and prostaglandins promote the widening of the internal auth or external us so this is the outside opening outside opening of the cervix okay you know when a woman has her cervix dilated this is the external loss is what's dilating when when she's having a baby all right prostate gland a little Walnut shaped thing underneath the bladder um has mucin in it and uh it's going to secrete a Milky fluid rich in citric acid seminal plasmin and prostate specific antigen now this PSA you might have heard about men having a PSA test for um prostate cancer so elevated PSA levels indicate prostate cancer so that's how we can do a blood test just to check and see if you might have prostate cancer citric acid nutrient for sperm and then seminal plasma is an antibiotic that can that's any urinary tract infections that might be in there and then PSA enzyme liquefies the semen following ejaculation so that the sperm have something really nice to swim in so that they can get to where they need to go all right now the function of the bubble urethral gland is so it's in the floor of the of the pelvis and it has a little connection into the spongy urethra and they're going to produce a clear viscous mucin that forms mucus that's going to coat and lubricate the urethra during intercourse so that and neutralize so that the sperm can swim easily through the urethra and so that they won't be killed by the urine that's in there so the bubble urethral gland essentially is going to prepare the urethra for the incoming semen and sperm so semen altogether is seminal fluid and sperm we call it ejaculate when it's released 200 to 500 Millions for matazoa so it's about one and a half tablespoon teaspoons of ejaculate and no it's not that's not even right two to five milliliters and you have about a hundred million ah million per milliliter get my little units right don't like to use Imperial numbers all right so I'm going to say something about this number right here okay because it'll be on your test I always say it takes 400 million sperm to fertilize one of them and the reason why it takes so long is that it takes so long I just read this why it takes so many is it first of all you have to go two ways you've got an ovary on one side ovary on the other side so the sperm have to divide in half or the sperm numbers have to divide in half so 200 million have to go one way and 200 million have to go the other way a bunch of them might not even know how to swim they may be defective some of them swim the wrong way some of them try to fertilize other things like the wall of the uterus and the wall of the uterine tubes as it on their way to the to the ovum so it takes a lot and then once you get there then it takes a lot to try to break into the egg because the egg is the ovum is kind of impervious impervious and it doesn't want to be fertilized and so it just takes a lot of guys to get that to happen so remember 400 million sperm is about what it takes to fertilize one of them so two weeks from seminar first tubule to ejaculate um and if in that two-week period they don't well after two weeks if they don't get ejaculated then the sperm had their life and then they start all over again all right now you've probably heard of BPH pH is benign prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy hypertrophy now hypertrophy is just like getting big in size hyperplasia is where you get more cells so they're not kind of the same and kind of not the same but anyway as far as you know it's when you're when you're um prostate gun gets bigger about non-cancerous so the benign aspect of it all right why because it's epithelium epithelium you know it just grows epithelium likes to grow and as it grows what it's going to do is form some nodules inside the prostate and compress the urethra and that's the big thing so it results in frequent urinating at night because you feel like you have to go to the bathroom all the time because it's really pinched off tiny little urethra there um frequent painful urination and then we have medications for BPH which I just can't remember off the top of my head um I have to get out my farm notes and look and see because I can't remember which um do we use finasteride I think we do use finasteride for BPH and then finasteride's what you can take if you're losing your hair my son is very very concerned about losing his hair and um his brother-in-law takes finasteride in so I said hey I talked to him about it he feels like it any further loss hair loss and it feels like it's actually even growing back so anyway but sometimes we have to actually take part of the prostate gland out or they can put a stent in the urethra to open it up all right prostate cancer one of the most common malignancies in men over 50 Hard Solid nodules within the prostate um usually we don't see it and then later we'll see those urinary system symptoms digital rectal exam just turn your head and cough or PSA test and then we do radiation army take it out okay um so in the um male sexual response we have two things going on first of all we need erection and then ejaculation so during erection the erectile bodies of the penis so the corporate cavernosa and Corpus spongiosum are going to be um filled in those venous spaces and then the penis becomes erect and um this is parasympathetic innervation causing nitric oxide to get released and that's what increases the blood flow to the area so hey what's that Viagra so Viagra acts on the nitric oxide okay then um we have ejaculation uh one of the things during ejaculation is the ductus deference is going to contract to move the sperm towards the urethra we're going to secrete the seminal fluids combined with sperm to form semen then we're going to close that internal urethral sphincter because this is pear or this is glutes sympathetic stimulation what does sympathetic stimulation do shuts down sphincters we all we know that with digestive system so that no urine enters the urethra or no sperm go back up into the bladder and then we'll ejaculate with the semen expel from the penis contractions the muscles in the urethra due to sympathetic so erection is parasympathetic and ejaculation is sympathetic all right um We're not gonna do any of this this will be with um male and female I mean with embryonic development so we'll go over that and we're not going to do anything with puberty and menopause no okay that's that so that is it for um male reproduction oh I could have done it in the last video but oh well I didn't took you gave you a break okay see you in the next video with female reproductive system