[Music] manney man does history this video was sponsored by Nord VPN in the early 1920s the Irish Republican Army fought a fierce war against the British the IRA used guerrilla warfare hit-and-run tactics the British used brute force they had fought to a stalemate and in 1921 the British called for a truce not knowing how close the IRA was to surrendering after years of fighting during the War of Independence the unionists in the north had made it clear that they wanted no part in an independent Ireland and so the state of Northern Ireland was created for them and remained part of the United Kingdom Republic President Eamon de Valera spent the summer arguing with British Prime Minister David Lloyd George over whether dev would be recognized as the leader of a sovereign state in the negotiations dev didn't get his way and so Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith among others were sent over to negotiate with Britain a fully independent Irish Republic or a 32 County United Ireland was never on offer from the British the negotiations in London resulted in the anglo-irish treaty which created the 26 County Irish Free State which would become a Dominion of the British Empire like Canada or Australia the English King would still be head of state and the Irish government would have to pledge an oath of allegiance to the crown three strategic Irish ports were also held on to by Britain for defense purposes the treaty also allowed Northern Ireland to opt out of joining the Free State thus cementing partition on the island the treaty was signed in December and Collins and Griffith brought it back to Dublin to a mixed response to say the very least the treaty was debated in the dahle and people were divided the likes of de Valera and Cal brewer were against the treaty believing it to be a betrayal of the Republic Collins argued that the Free State would be a stepping stone towards complete independence the freedom to achieve freedom also a renewed war with Britain was not desirable ultimately in January 1920 to the doll voted in favor of the treaty 64 votes to 57 Devin his supporters left doll Aaron in protest Arthur Griffith was elected the new president in devs absence because the treaty had to be ratified by the British Parliament of Southern Ireland the pro-treaty TDS met with their fellow unionist MPs in the mansion house thus forming the provisional government of the Irish Free State with Michael Collins as chairman Dublin Castle and many other places of British authority surrendered to the Free State up north sectarian violence in Belfast continued and membership of the IRA increased their significantly Tyrone and firm Anna's County Council's pledged their allegiance to doll Aaron but James Craig the prime minister of Northern Ireland had them shot down by the police of the RIC Collins assured the IRA in the north that partition would only be a temporary measure down south the IRA was deeply divided about the treaty the pro-treaty IRA were reorganized into the Irish National Army anti-treaty IRA members began capturing RAC barracks as British troops were abandoning them in March things almost came to blows in Limerick as auntie and pro-treaty forces argued over taking control of new barracks known today as Sarsfield barracks dev traveled around monsters speaking out against the treaty telling people they would have to wade through Irish blood through the blood of the soldiers of the Irish government and through perhaps the blood of some of the members of the government in order to get Irish freedom NEMS were fighting words and IRA forces met to officially reject the treaty and formed their own army executive of 16 men in April 1922 they led 200 anti-treaty IRA to occupy the four courts in Dublin hoping for a British response and a renewal of hostilities with the British the next month anti-treaty forces captured Kilkenny violence broke out but an uneasy truce was held in the doll as the election approached the leaders of the divided Shin fan party agreed that they wouldn't split the vote so both auntie and pro-treaty sides agreed to form a coalition government whatever the outcome the election came and the pro-treaty shin Fane won more than the anti-treaty shin Fane most of the other parties were also Pro treaty tensions were running high the British were putting pressure on Collins to quell the rebellion before it started Winston Churchill threatened to send British trips back over to sort out the rowdy rebels but Collins decided he would do it himself on the 28th of June Collins had the Free State Army point to British 18-pounder field guns at the four courts and opened fire and thus began the Irish Civil War it was no longer the Irish fighting the British it was former comrades former brothers and sisters and arms fighting against each other the Battle of Dublin lasted six days it was like the Easter Rising all over again except this time it was the Free State forces wielding the weapons of the British Empire anti-treaty forces were headed towards the top of Sackville Street some escaped the city as Cal Brewers stayed behind revolver in hand to stand off against the Free State he was shot and later died the Free State were now in control of the capital there was a mad scramble for control across the country between Free Staters and Republicans when the IRA split there were more for the Republicans they also had the more experienced guerrilla fighters but lacked the decent weaponry Frank Aiken leader of the northern IRL said they would remain neutral seeing the social divides at first hand Ian would later be arrested and taken to Tom dock prison Liam Lynch had been captured in the four courts but was allowed to leave the city to convince his fellow Republicans to stand down instead he became the IRA chief of staff and organized the fortification of his home city of Limerick they strengthened their positions mainly in the south nicknamed the monster Republic due to the limited weapons Liam Lynch chose the defensive stance and let the Free State Army come to them free state forces captured towns throughout Leinster and even managed to capture Galway with little resistance led oh no DAF a free state forces captured Limerick after a week of fighting the same day Waterford failed to the Free State the anti-treaty forces were no match for the free States artillery to avoid capture the Republican fighters abandoned their positions in Limerick and regrouped near kill Malek a harsh battle was fought as Free State forces approached Republican forces using ambushes and three armored cars to hamper the inexperienced Free State soldiers advance but they could not hold back the tide as more and more Free State reinforcements arrived Free State forces were able to mobilize by sea as they landed in Westport and on dock IRA forces blew a hole in the wall of the prison freeing Frank Aiken and other Republican prisoners in scary's County Dublin Harry Boland right-hand man of de Valera and former best friend of Michael Collins was shot dead while being arrested in a hotel Free State forces landed by sea Infinite's county kerry and later in ya'll and passage west just outside of Cork City the Free State were tightening their grip from multiple angles a massive portion of the Dublin IRA were captured after their plan to blow up the bridges leading into Dublin was foiled the anti-treaty forces seemed as if they were being righted very quickly around the country Liam Lynch ordered all IRA forces to go back to the old guerrilla warfare they could no longer fight the Free State head on things were looking good for the Free State in August Arthur Griffith president of the Free State dropped dead of a brain hemorrhage in Dublin William T cos grave became the new president Frank Aiken led an attack on the barracks and on-dock releasing 240 prisoners and capturing 400 badly needed rifles forces near Northern Ireland were able to use the border to escape where the Free State forces couldn't follow commander-in-chief Michael Collins decided to travel down to his home county of Cork and try and make contact with anti-treaty forces and sue for peace while passing through bail namaha in West Cork Collins was caught in an ambush and shot dead his state funeral temporarily brought the warring factions together in more but it was not to last Collins had been the closest link between the two sides wanting to bring about peace and forgiveness and get on with running the country but with him and Griffith gone the free state leadership grew bitter towards the Republicans who simply refused to surrender things once again descended into attack and reprisals sometimes brother fighting brother in September members of Dahl Aaron took their seats in their new home of Leinster house where it continues today spoilers they passed the public safety bill which allowed the National Army to rhom military courts are execute men bearing arms against the state most of the women's council come on the man had chosen to fight against the treaty believing a republic to be the best vehicle for women's rights they had already come fire in the last eight years there were women judges in the doll courts and the 1921 election had seen six women elected as TD's c'mon naman led their own attacks against the Free State and were particularly useful to the IRA for gathering information from Free State sources they had their methods come on the man ran crashes in Dublin to allow mothers to continue the fights during the day the Free State outlawed the organization in October and the Catholic Church and media began speaking out against these upstart women in November the Free State began executing IRA prisoners the IRA declared they would assassinate every TD who voted for the public safety bill and started with Shaun Hales TD Park Amalia was also wounded in the attack in retaliation the Free State executed Rory O'Connor Liam mellows Joel McKelvey and Richard Barrett all of whom had been imprisoned since the taking of the four courts as 1923 began the Republican guerrilla war continued burning homes of tdys burning old big houses of the Anglo Irish families the former Protestant ruling class grudges were settled revenge was taken prisoners of the IRA were taken out to the middle of nowhere to be executed and as this continued the Free State continued to execute IRA prisoners alongside this and the depleting weapons the Republican fight weaning public support was shrinking the Catholic Church had stopped administering the sacraments to known IRA members and the power of Catholic guilt is not to be underestimated de Valera wanted a ceasefire but had no control over the IRA in April the Free State killed Liam Lynch and captured many of the IRA executive in the knock mill dine mountains in County Waterford Frank Aiken who had already been recaptured became the new IRA chief of staff and at the end of the month called a ceasefire he ordered all IRA members to dump their arms and stop fighting dev sent IDE a message to the Troops military victory must be allowed to rest for the moment with those who have destroyed the Republic the Free State were victorious the costs of the years of war had been high because the war had ended thirteen thousand Republican prisoners who'd been arrested in war time under emergency pyres could not be released but the Free State held on to them and rounded up more prisoners just in case William cost Grave reorganized the pro-treaty shin vein into a new party commanding male and were in government for the rest of the decade the police force was reorganized into the unarmed Garda Siochana the IRA prisoners were eventually released in 1924 after many protests and hunger strikes to have reorganized his Republicans into the political party FINA file to oppose commenting lil FINA file would later come to power in 1932 with a tense but thankfully peaceful and democratic transfer of power commonly male would evolve into finis gill in 1933 and openly flirted with fascism yep FINA FAL and finis Gil would go on to dominate Irish politics to this day being two sides of the same coin power passing back and forth between them dev spent the 1930s dismantling the Free State from within which is exactly what Michael Collins had been suggesting before the Civil War him ultimately he was able to end the Free State and create a new constitution and established the newly independent Ireland or era and Irish in 1937 Ireland later officially became a republic in 1949 Northern Ireland would remain a part of the United Kingdom and the sectarian divides between Protestants and Catholics would erupt into decades of violence known as the troubles but thankfully since the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 it has experienced relative peace a new version of Shin Fein emerged during the Troubles the border remains a central question our own brexit as the UK leaves the European Union watch this space civil war politics voting between FINA fall and Fenig ale still seems to dominate Irish politics but we'll see at least they're not shooting each other thanks for watching folks this video was sponsored by Nord VPN Nord VPN is your very own virtual private network which allows you to diverse the internet with much more freedom security and privacy going online through a public unsecured Wi-Fi network Nord VPN makes it safe trying to keep up with all your favorite TV series while travelling Nord VPN allows you to browse as if you were at home don't want outside companies or data thieves gathering all of your personal information while online Nord VPN protects you with over 5,000 servers in 62 countries Nord VPN allows you to browse the internet safely securely and anonymously right now Nord VPN are offering you 70% off a three year plan plus one additional month for free on top all you have to do is visit Nord VPN comm /john dear ot and use the promo code John Deere OD which is in the video 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