all right welcome back to the second part of the female reproductive system what we're going to do now is take a look at the hormones and see how they are regulating what's been going on in the uh in the ovarian cycle so all right so we've said repeatedly that the uh hypothalamus is in control and the hypothalamus is going to secrete GnRH gonadotropin releasing hormone that's going to go to the anterior pituitary and stimulate the secretion of FSH and LH they are then both FSH and LH are going to go to the ovaries and affect how the follicle is going to grow so pre-entral so remember an anthrop follicle is this one with all this open space in here okay so prior to this FSH is um what's going to be stimulating the the influence of these local molecular signals okay and then FSH and lhfx follicle secretion of the other hormones so estrogen and progesterone inhibit and then let's see so we just said inhibin we said estrogen and the important things about this is that um estrogen and progesterone not progesterone estrogen and inhibit they have a negative feedback on the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary and the reason being is that we only want one follicle to develop in that first um well during that ovarian um or during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle I don't want um follicles developing like every week in ovulating every week so that I have an opportunity to or chance of of um getting pregnant week after week after week I want to devote one entire month to the formation of the follicle and giving a chance to fertilize to be fertilized and then um give it a chance to implant and if none of those things happen then I'm going to start all over again and so to prevent continuous stimulation of the um reproductive structures by the hypothalamus GnRH and then anterior pituitary FSH and LH we have to shut it down so we're going to shut it down with estrogen and inhibit but there's really some important information about what estrogen is going to do how it's going to influence um FSH and LH later on in the cycle uh so we'll get there there's there's a lot of things to cover all right so estrogen is also going to assist in the development of follicle besides the um the cells themselves and then once an angel follicle this little sucker right there um anti-focal develops now we're super dependent on FSH and LH for what's going to happen next and then the antrophobical will develop into a mature follicle so we're just going through those steps those steps of follicles that we looked at in the first video all right now the mature follicle produces a large threshold amount of estrogen all right let's go back to here so inhibit and estrogen that are going to be formed and I'm gonna put some days on it and we're going to look at um that picture that overlap that shows a hormonal Cycles ovarian Cycles uterine Cycles so that we can put all these events together but we're looking at um about day one which is the first day of your period to about day uh 10 or 11. and and this is all rough it's not specifically okay so today is day 10 here's what's gonna happen but this is approximating so up until this point the estrogen that's being secreted in the inhibit have had negative feedback on the hypothalamus okay so what does that mean again GnRH and FSH and LH are not being secreted they're still sequestered up into the um up in the brain and the anterior pituitary okay so they're not coming out however we get to about day 12. where we have a mature follicle okay so we got that graphene follicle it is just primed and ready for ovulation and we are going to ovulate on about day 14 okay so we're day 12. and now we have a large amount of estrogen that's being produced from day 10 day 11 day 12. just we're kicking out estrogen like crazy and now that negative feedback mechanism switches over to a positive feedback loop what high levels of estrogen stimulate the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary to keep kicking out their hormones especially the anterior pituitary is going to kick out an enormous amount of LH on day 13 24 hours prior to ovulation and with that surge the corpus luteum will form from the ovulated follicle because you just ovulated on day 14. due to this large LH surgeon day 13. without a large LH surge then you have no ovulation so let's I'm just going to leave it there we'll come back to the implications of that because I just need you to wrap your brains around this all right so now we've ovulated and now that that follicle is going to collapse in on itself and become the corpus luteum now we are still going to have LH it's not going to be coming out of the brain really anymore out of the anterior pituitary anymore but I still have blood levels of it and so those blood levels are going to gradually go down until they go below the amount that the corpus luteum needs to produce progesterone so but we'll look at that when we look at the chart altogether all right so now what's going to happen um the Corpus lutein's job at this point is produce progesterone lots and lots and lots of progesterone some estrogen some in heaven now we're going to inhibit again we're going back to a negative feedback what is up with your body I don't even know I just am female and this is what happens and I just merely go on with that's what's going on in my body so now I'm back to the negative feedback and I'm going to shut down the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary because we need to not just build it I don't like that they put build we need to maintain no maintenance and um secretion because this is what we refer to as the secretory phase of the uterine cycle so that endometrium the functionality layer of the endometrium is going to just make it so nice and wonderful for that implanting blastocyst that is hopefully just formed whereas developing from that um fertilized ovum from that zygote um so we'll get get into this I keep alluding to what your what the uterus is like and and we'll get there all right so then then of course lithium is going to start generating 10 to 13 days if not if the ovum is not fertilized and then we um our LH levels are reducing because remember hormones are going to be cleared out of the bloodstream so as they repeatedly go through the liver and the kidney or just break we're breaking it down and eliminating it breaking it down eliminating it until finally we don't have enough LH anymore so that negative feedback stopped LH and now because I don't have any LH estrogen progesterone and and inhibin drop and then that removes the negative feedback on the hypothalamus and so here we are we're about day 27 26 27 where we're going to start producing GnRH again and then day 28 and then boom we're back to day one and we start our period because we don't have enough progesterone to maintain that uterine lining anymore and we shed it and we get ready for the next um the next shot at it two weeks later we should have another um ovulated oocyte to be able to fertilize the chance for fertilization to occur all right so if the secondary oil site is fertilized and in Plants we call it a preembryo it's going to start secreting a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin or HCG now HCG is going to act just like um luteinizing hormone on the corpus luteum and so this is the signal from the baby to the mom because the mom has no idea that this little six day old pre-embryonic structure the blastocyst has implanted in the wall of her uterus within the functionalist layer of the endometrium and so there's got to be some way for her body to know to keep producing progesterone and so HCG because look it's a gonadotropin just like FSH and LH are gonadotropins right so that's going to act just like LH it's going to stimulate the corpus luteum to continue to produce estrogen and progesterone for the next three months and so this is I hate this builds in here just take the builds out maintains um because we're not growing it any thicker we're just making sure it stays and it nourishes and everything like that um and so it's gonna continue that the embryo is going to continue to produce or the placenta anyway uh embryo layers of what is going to become the placenta continue to produce HCG for three months until the placenta the well-established placenta after the first trimester will produce its own progesterone and estrogen to maintain the corpus luteum oh no no no no to maintain the uterine lining and then the corpus luteum will regress into a corpus albicans if you get pregnant if you don't get pregnant then it just immediately went to Corpus albicans after day 28. all right so let's look at this this was really good to show you what's happening as far as hormonal kinds of things going on so let's start with the green okay so here we are day one we're gonna generate just gonna be released which is going to go through the hypothesial portal system to the anterior pituitary stimulate the gonadotropens of FSH and LH so then they're going to go to the um uh this is showing it's a secondary follicle but we're I think they kind of skip to step um but we're gonna um go ahead and just say primary secondary follicle in there pre-entral follicle that's the best way to um say because so it says mature maturing prior ovarian follicle secrete inhibit okay so now inhibit boom is going to go up here and some estrogen and it says and low levels of estrogen which inhibit both the and the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary okay that's what I want to do I don't want to start working on a new set of follicles a few days later so I want to inhibit the anterior pituitary I want to inhibit the hypothalamus okay so that's what's going on and we are in days one through eleven we'll just go day one through eleven and somewhere in there all right but all during this time my um my granulosa cells my fecal cells and granulosa cells are producing estrogen okay so estrogen also developed I was also assists with the development of the follicle and we're making we're kicking out estrogen we're kicking out estrogen we get to step four Angel follicle develops growth now depending on FSH and LH like we saw now number five mature follicle produces a large threshold amount of estrogen which stimulates the anterior or the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary so now we are in the positive feedback this was negative feedback so now these high levels of estrogen feedback to the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary and now that LH has just been sitting in the anterior pituitary waiting to come out and it's going to come out in a surge and so um the LH comes out a little bit of FSH but primarily LH and then that's going to cause ovulation and then the corpus luteum will form under the influence of a LH then the corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone estrogen inhibit now we are inhibiting negative feedback again so we're back to negative feedback all right so we are going to look at the uterine cycle and then we'll put it all together and then we'll be done with this all right um so ovarian cancer this is because we have stuffs dividing in there and remember and it's got epithelium in there and remember that anytime you have epithelium you run the risk of cancer um so with ovarian cancer you just need to have regular screenings okay regular pelvic exams and um and it's it is often re detected late and uh and is the fifth most common cancer in women behind the breast cancers and I don't know what the next one would be all right so there's ovarian cancer all right let's talk about the uterus there's a bunch of pages in here and it is just Anatomy stuff which we did in lab so all I need you to know is just the name so that you know what role they're playing in all of this happening so a lot of this stuff you don't need to know um so that I'm going to underline the things that I want you to know so you know that uterine tubes they're laterally from the sides of the uterus towards the ovaries their job is to transport ovulated oocyte to the uterus okay um don't even care we do want to know this so the infundibulum is like the hand of the uterine tubes and then at the end you've got those finger light folds the fimbri which enclose the ovary only at the time of ovulation so that they can catch that ovulated ovum and bring it into the uterine tubes um okay I don't need to know any of that um let's see don't want to know any of that okay there's just the picture so here's the film there's the infundibulum so that's like the palm of your hand here's a little femre and they're gonna surround see how the ovum got um captured there as it was ovulated and then we'll go up in here and it's actually going to get fertilized right here in the ampulla um the first third of the uterine tube so those those sperm have to swim up the vagina up through the cervix up through the uterus and then half of them have to go this way and half of them have to go this way because they don't know where the ovum is and so then they have to swim swim swim swim swim [Music] boom until they finally get there and it is for their size for the relative size and the distance that um the sperm have to swim it's like running a marathon first for uh 26 miles it's a long ways okay now um when fertilization occurs sometimes you can get that fertilized album doesn't know where to go it gets stuck it doesn't it doesn't make it down into the uterus and or it can it may even fall out go back the other way and fell out in a plan in the wall of the pelvis either way we refer to it as an ectopic pregnancy so we're fertilizing outside of the endometrium but happens in the in the tubes then we have a tubal pregnancy um bad because it can expand and it'll only last until week eight then it can rupture and Hemorrhage and loss of life so two of pregnancies we need to be aware of that all right uterus um well we don't care about any of that okay what is the job of the uterus implantation site for the preembryo so it is to receive nourish and grow the developing fertilized open zygote okay so protects a supports protects nourishes developing embryo and then forms that vascular connection with the placenta so when we see the placenta we take a look at um uh embryology in the next video we will see um that there is a maternal side of the placenta there's a fetal side of the placenta and they intertwine with the interdigitate with one another and form this one organ um but there's going to be blood from the maternal side there's going to be blood vessels from the baby side and then that will provide that vascular connection um from the mom to the baby um and then the uterus is supposed to eject the fetus at Birth notice I said it's supposed to because I'm just going to tell this story right now because you guys um oh you guys already know it well maybe some of you don't because I forgot to tell it in um 201 when I was doing dermatomes um no I'm not going to do it um sorry that just a little tantalizing um I had C-sections and so my uterus doesn't expel my babies most of you guys my babies don't want to leave so they just kind of hang out in my uterus and then we have to go in and evict them all right and then contraction sheds the lining if the oocyte is not fertilized so this is when you have your Menzies to help get that out of there and receives blood from uterine arteries which we find okay then there's just another little picture all right so let's just remember what the three layers of the uterine wall are we have the perimetrium that's the serosa on it so that's the the like the um parietal peritoneum it's not really but it's like that so it's the covering on in the uterus on the outside then we have the myometrium so this is the thick middle tunic of the uterine wall made out of smooth muscle don't need to remember that there are three intertwining layers but smooth muscle and then we have the endometrium now we really want to review the endometrium because this is where all the magic happens this is what is going to nourish your baby so this is the inner layer of the uterus okay um simple columnar epithelium with with the lamina proprio so remember a lamin appropriate is like a thick basement membrane and it's got glams in it uterine glands in there then it's divided into two layers so we have the basal layer or what we refer to as the basalis and this is attached to right up against the myometrium and it's permanent and it doesn't go through many changes during the uterine cycle okay it's not it's it's where we're gonna grow back um let's just put restores the functionales layer okay so functional or functionalists okay so this layer is going to be start to form a puberty growth from the basal layer like we said under the influence of estrogen almost exclusively estrogen is maintained by progesterone okay so this is stimulated so we we call this proliferation is under the influence of estrogen and then this is the maintenance afterwards okay and then if no fertilization occurs then we're going to lose just the functionalis layer and then the basile's layer will grow right back again so we take a look at this picture when we take a look at the tissue so here this is the myometrium right here okay so this is smooth muscle then this blue this is the basalis layer so this is the one that's always there you can see we've got these little glands that are down here they're gonna have a job here in a little bit and then above that we have the functionality layer and so this is the top layer that's the layer that's shed every month okay then we have a vagina yep we do that's all I care all right now endometriosis I do want to talk real quickly about that because there are a lot of women who suffer from endometriosis and this is because that functionalis layer in the base house layer are so mitotic they just like to grow and if it and if it moves outside of the uterus even within the uterus it can be problematic but if it goes into the tubes if it comes out through the tubes it goes into the abdominal cavity the pelvic cavity oh it can just be horrific and so as that grows it's painful it's I mean mind-numbingly painful and um and just make you so you just can't function at all and and we still have problems with doctors recognizing that a woman is going through endometriosis and um and and it's it's sad how badly some people suffer from endometriosis can result in scarring can lead to um infertility and uh it just keeps growing and growing and growing and you've got that cyclic hormonal thing going on but it has nowhere to go so it just keeps growing and it anyway so it's bad so um so there it is tissue becomes implanted on external surface of organs within the abdominal pelvic cavity it's going to grow under those hormones those cyclic hormones that are you know moving around in your body and like I said you can't expel it pain and scarring often often like linked to fertility problems um hormones to [ __ ] the growth of endometrial tissue or surgery um but for some women there's just not a lot of options for for a cure or even just simple treatment all right cervical cancer so again because you have endometrium or you have epithelial tissue only inside the cervix if the cervix becomes infected with the HPV um human papilloma virus which causes um genital warts whoops those can then mutate not the words but the the cells with the HPV infection can then mutate because there are viruses that cause their host cells to become cancerous and then overgrow and um and so then that is going to turn into cervical cancer because that's where that's where in the STI the sexually transmitted infection where the HPV virus is going to be deposited right up there and start to grow at the epithelium of the cervix so we do have a vaccine for that um and so he that is one of a very few vaccines that can stop a cancer from happening so um uh um if you have the HPV vaccine um then it will stop the HPV infection prevent the HPV infection which then if you never become infected with HPV you'll not chances are you will not get cervical cancer at all okay now how do we test for that we do what's called a pap smear so we're going to go in and scrape some of the epithelial cells from the edge of the surface cervix and then we're going to look to see are they abnormal and and then go from there whenever your treatment is okay so here finally is the last thing that we want to talk about with female reproduction and that is the uterine cycle sometimes people refer to it as the menstrual cycle and sometimes people even lump everything hormonally ovarian in the ovary just everything all together as the menstrual cycle and I guess you can say that but I like to really subdivide it out into the three so that you just realize okay there are three distinct events happening every single day in this woman's cycle every day every month every year while she's um before menopause so from puberty to menopause so um here's what goes on in the uterine cycle so these are cyclic changes that are happening to the endometrial Linings we're talking specifically about the functionalis because this is the one that's going to change that innermost layer the one the baby implants into and we said it's influenced by both the estrogen progesterone influence directed by so we have three phases that happen during the uterine cycle because we have three distinct events that are phases of events that are going on so we have the menstrual phase and we have the proliferative phase and we have the secretory phase and like it says the timeline is based on a 28-day uterine cycle but it can go between 21 and 35 who knows and and until your body decides to settle down and and regulate itself then um it may maybe all over the place for a while until um everything just matures in your body all right so natural phase this is the day when you're having your period so this is when you have menstrual flow the sloughing off of the functional layer days one to five the cycle however long you bleed um you may still be bleeding a little bit residual materials still left in there um and you may start to rebuild on the other end okay and then last through the period of menstrual bleeding then we go into the proliferative phase days 6 through 14 of the cycle um so this is the middle of the first half okay and then what you get is the development we are building back the new functional layer of the endometrium and it's going to overlap the time of follicle growth so I started growing follicles on day one back over here in my ovaries which I will show you in a little bit this is where our primordial follicles are turning into primary follicles and developing into secondary follicles I mean secondary oocytes well secondary follicles um in today's 6 through 14 and then of course on day 14 is ovulation day and the ovary is also secreting estrogen at this time so it got all this stuff going on I got hormone stuff going on I have follicle stuff going on have uterine stuff going on all right then um after the after day 14 so then ovulation is the end of the proliferative phase and then we go into the secretory phase so the secretory phase is the days um uh 15-28 which is at the same time as the corpus or the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle okay well under the instructions from the corpus luteum producing progesterone course all right so what is that going to do so we're going to take the stuff that we've already grown then over the functionalist layer and then we're going to vascularize it some more and we're going to develop those uterine glands so that the baby has nutrients getting to it and then it has food because you don't have a placenta so the baby is going to implant on um about day 21 when we get into um embryonic development well I'll just tell you right now so you're gonna you're gonna um ovulate on day 14. that ovum is only viable to be fertilized for one day 24 hours so you will so fertilization will have happened by day 15. so now that ovum that zygote now okay that fertilized ovum now has six days to turn into what's called a blastocyst and the blastocyst is going to implant into the wall of the into the functionalis so you are on day 21 so you are right in the middle of the secretory phase right there day 21 and um you now have your pre-embryonic structure in your endometrium in your functionality layer and that little ball of cells is now going to need the nutrients from the vascularization and from the uterine gland and so that's why you build it is so that you provide a nice home for the um the blastocyst to implant and develop now fertilization does not occur we will have no HCG and without HCG you don't maintain the corpus luteum so it dies if it dies you have no more progesterone and if you have no more progesterone off goes the functionalist layer and you start your period all over you go into the menstrual phase and there you go all right okay so here we go this is the same as um let's see um I'm gonna oh I know what I can do here all right if you go into your class I'm going to look and see where are we nope [Music] um [Music] okay all right so let's share this all right so if we go into our class in canvas and we go to our module all right female reproductive Cycles chart right here so look at this picture all right so this picture right here is the same thing that I'm going to show you so if you have if you printed this out or you can be looking at this as you're watching this I don't know however you want to do it whatever it's the exact same thing um so I just want to show you how everything stacks on top of one another but I'm gonna do it through the PowerPoint because I can't draw on this but I can draw on the PowerPoint image so um also the other thing that you'll want to notice is that hey look what I did so I printed out so here is uterine cycle ovarian cycle and the hormone so here's day one and there's day 28 back to day one again so here's what's going on in the uterine cycle every day notice that I didn't do all 28 days out I put like groups like day 16 through 25 and then about Day 26 27 and then here I put day two to four and then day six to twelve because there's not much there's not any difference going on through six to twelve it's just all the same stuff is happening in that week period so here is everything all the changes that happen in the uterine cycle in the days that they happen at the same time as what's going on in the ovarian cycle and what's going on with your hormones okay so what I'm going to do right now with that image in the PowerPoint is just stack everything on top of each other so this is it in summary of all of the things that are that are happening um in each one of the phases but now I'm just going to tell you them I'm just going to talk to you about them so let's see uh all right so hopefully you are seeing this now because I kind of messed something up so we'll I'll go back and watch in the video and if I messed up then I'll have to redo this part all right so let's pick a color we can see better um let's do this dark blue color all right so we're starting out in primary follicle and remember 290 days to a secondary follicle and then 65 more days to a mature follicle so you know that every month when you ovulated that ovum started the year before to start growing which is just weird but anyway we're not gonna work we're not gonna focus on that we're going to focus on what is happening in here all right so here we are day one okay your FSH and LH levels are are starting to be significant here because you have um generates and I'm going to put GnRH right over here so just prior so I put like day 28 day one was when the jnrh was being stimulated from the um anterior pituitary because they didn't I mean from the hypothalamus because they didn't put GnRH on this picture um but it's going to be secreted here so that's going to make my FSH and my LH start to climb so now here I am in the first um about 10 days of my um uh of my hormones okay of my uterine cycle so here I have my period I'm starting my period right here so what is this FSH and LH doing well they're acting on the follicles and so now we're developing from an anthrop follicle so um primordial follicle um um primary follicle secondary follicle and now they've been sitting around waiting and so now I've got the FSH that's going to help develop that anthropolical into a mature follicle okay so that's what all of this FSH and LH are doing now I need at this point look at what my FSH dropped my LH just kind of stayed the same but then look at oh it's surged up super super high especially the LH surges super super high on day 12. well day 13. okay so 24 hours prior to ovulation here's ovulation now that LH is going to come and act on that focal wall and cause ovulation to happen on day 14. now we're going to collapse the corpus luteum in our LH even though it's it's dropped way back down on the next day oops it's still elevated but you can see that it's gradually going down so there's still enough to maintain the corpus luteum until you get to about right here about day 25 that now are um um progester or uh the LH is not enough to keep the corpus luteum growing and so now the corpus luteum that was nice and Lush and thick right here is now going to regress and then it's going to turn into a corpus albicans on day one which what did I do on day one I started my period all right now let's go back down here to what is happening with the ovarian hormone so these are ovarian hormones these are gonadotropin hormones so now in the ovarian hormones we we're starting to um so here's my day one also okay so right back here so now that GnRH and the FSH and LH from over here are starting to produce or stimulate the production of that estrogen over there so now we come over here and from the antrum or not from the Antrim but from the fecal and granulosa cells of the follicle we're now producing estrogen notice that progesterone just stays at this constant Baseline level till day 15. okay right there but in the meantime estrogen is being made and it gradually goes up and up and up and up and up and up and up okay till we get to about day 12 where we have this peak of estrogen all of this time look this has been held in check so this is negative feedback from estrogen and then all of a sudden we go to Peak estrogen now we have the positive feedback of estrogen and that's going to happen about a day before so day 12 about a day 12 happened just about 24 hours before my LH surge which is going to happen about 24 hours before my ovulation then that estrogen drops way down okay then right here on about day 17 is when the corpus luteum is making estrogen but the corpus luteum on day 15 once it became a corpus luteum it needs to now kick out the um it now needs to kick out that progesterone to maintain the lining so then the progesterone is going to be high it's going to Peak around mid-cycle about day 21 and then it's going to gradually go down and if it doesn't if the corpus luteum does not get a signal from the baby to stay by day 28 it's it's dropped down to the point where it won't maintain the endometrial lining anymore and you'll start having your period all right so you have your period until about day five and here is your base Alice layer it's going to stay right about here there we go okay so there's my base Alice layer now look at what's happening to the functionalis layer it's getting thicker it is starting to grow back on day five so day four was the lowest it's going to be you just left it all off and it all came out it's going to come out and so now on day five the beginning of the proliferative phase we're going to start growing back the endometrium until we get to day 14. okay so there is the proliferative phase and you can see that the endometrium is getting thicker um yeah it is getting thicker in here but mostly it's um our big change that we're seeing are in the blood vessels all right so now we've got blood vessels that are down here that are going to supply the blood to the um oh to the placenta but not yet they're not doing too much yet mostly we're just focusing on the growth of endometrium but now in the secretory phase this is when those spiral arteries kick in and they become very very coiled and extensive throughout the functionalis layer we also get uterine glands that will be secreting nutrients to the developing embryo if it implants okay so that's the secretory phase now um again in the absence of absence of progesterone we're done growing and we rip it out and start all over again so I want you to take this little analogy so Chip and Joanna Gaines um from whatever their show is I don't know look Fixer-Upper is that it you know the Magnolia people in Waco so um so this is this is how it works so Joanna comes across the room that she wants to fix up and it has been torn out to the two by fours there's no drywall there's no nothing we just have bear bare wood forms for walls and so she tells chip to um start building put sheetrock up and texture it and and coat it and um and she goes in and she paints it and you have a basic room and it's all nice and clean and new paint smelling right there okay so that's the middle of the um uh uh middle of the ovarian cycle okay just um prior to ovulation okay then um she starts so she has six days to to um stage the room to make it really nice so she's gonna put couches in and she's gonna put cushions in and she's gonna put pictures on the wall and she's gonna put flowers in vases and she's going to have a little mini fridge in there and she's gonna stuck it with all of the good yummy stuff that the baby would want to move in and stay in that room and she will do that um continually um so by day 21 so she has six days once chip is finished building the walls back and painting and everything she has six days to Stage it and make it beautiful and if she stages it and makes it beautiful and a baby moves in then she's gonna keep making sure that it's nice for the baby to move in but she's gonna wait for six days six more days so she's gonna leave a sign out front you know room for rent and it's going to be pretty and everything and then after six days when nobody's moved in she's gonna get all mad and she is going to rip out absolutely everything and throw it all away so she's gonna throw away the couches she's gonna throw away the cushions the pictures on the wall the stuff in the fridge she's gonna throw away the fridge she's gonna rip down the um drywall and she's just gonna leave the bare bones of the two by fours again and then she's going to send chip in there and that's going to take a month for all that to happen and then the next month she's going to send chip back in there again and they're going to start all over that all over again and that is what's going on in your uterus okay all right lastly so memory glance because we're mammals we have memory glands we do what's known as lactation to release breast milk so that we can give milk to our babies under two hormonal controls prolactin um from the anterior pituitary uh stimulates the the um lobules the glandular tissue memory gland tissue to form milk then oxytocin produced by the hypothalamus as we remember and released from the posterior pituitary is responsible for milk ejection so what we're going to do we have these myoepithelial cells that surround the ducts that leave the mammary glands and go towards the nipple and they're going to contract under the stimulus of oxytocin just like when oxytocin goes to the small or goes to the um um smooth muscle of the uterus and causes labor contractions which we'll talk about in the next section um that's what oxytocin does it causes smooth muscle to contract and so when it causes those myothelial cells to contract it's like milk in a cow just through from the inside basically and and it just squeezes the milk through those Ducks so that when the baby nurses and then it can come up all right I think that's all I'm just going to leave these are in the um in the PowerPoint um contraceptive methods and breast cancer and um that's it okay so um that's all for this this video yay stop sharing and and this and so the next videos will be on um pregnancy and development growth and development of your new organism once fertilization has occurred okay bye