[Music] we will now see the six vedangas in a little detail he simply understood that there are six vedangas and each one of them has a specific purpose so we'll start with shiksha the word shiksha means to acquire knowledge in this context essentially what it means is the science of pronunciation you have to acquire the knowledge of how do you pronounce properly is a very systematic approach to the art and practice of phonetics so what we are talking about is phonetics because pronunciation is what it is about phonetics and this is where the charm of this whole vedanga is because as preserving The Vedic text from any form of corruption is the most important thing shiksha directs our attention to all the details of the process involved in pronunciation in fact this is precisely the reason I think why we feel that UNESCO has felt that a certain practice which has traveled for thousands of years without any corruption is a Heritage although it is in the sound form and you have to preserve it so that preservation of the sound form without corruption is because there is a science of pronunciation which is what this is shiksha is all about so basically it's all about the NADA the sound and the ancestors have actually analyzed it in great detail and they have somehow come to this conclusion that the sound is generated by the Confluence of air and space in the vocal card and and you know it can be at different places we will see it but finally it takes the form of a Varna Varna is the smallest component of element is all these are varnas actually so the sounds the smallest form of sound called Varna comes on some strange combination of the space and the air this is what her ancestors have found and somehow they have analyzed and found that these different sounds come because of the contact made between various parts of the tongue and the places of articulation this is the interesting part of this science of pronunciation which our ancestors have developed so we will pictorially understand it because explaining it it only may be difficult so what we will do is we will take a picture and then see what is being told and how the varnas have come OK what you see here is you know the the skull portion this is the skull portion actually and the oral cavity this entire thing is the oral cavity right and you know all these are the firings ah the esophagus larynx everything are indicate tongue everything is in the jaw tongue all are indicated here lips right and the palettes all those are indicated here then the nose is there therefore the no cell cavity and so on now look at how they have thought about in fact this is how it is defined there is a group called nasika nasika means you have to use your nose otherwise you may not be able to in combination otherwise you may not be able to um for example say um all these there is a certain nasal part also involved that's why it is called nasika ah then you have Murda in Murda Murda means upper palate if you say if you say all that the tongue will go towards the upper palate that's why they are called Murda that's how they have defined it then you have what is called washed out means you know lips the two lips are called pair of lips is called so if you have to say ooh in all these you notice that unless you move your two lips this sound will not come that's why it's called wash Tower then there are some of them in which the tongue will go and hit with the teeth that's why it's called means teach right so if you look at all of them somewhere you need the jaw the tongue will go and hit at the jaw and then in that combination only that sound will come then there are some of them which are called tala talu which is e J all these the palette is involved and then the last category called kanta kanta is throat in the neck or throat whatever you may call it so ah it is this part of our body which is involved ah to you know to sort of regulate the air flowing through it to generate sound like all these come you keep trying it you will find if you say ah somewhere the sound will come from the throat you say the sound actually comes from the throat so that is why it is called kanta so this is a very interesting and a very keen observation our ancestors have perhaps done and they have been able to come to your conclusion that you need to use different parts of your body in the nasal cavity and the overall cavity to generate this sound so this is all behind shiksha and this is what has ensured that even after thousands of years the mantras are not pronounced any differently and we have not lost anything there in their original form this is about siksha then we will go to vyakarna yakarna is grammar and actually the tradition of vyakarna dates to The Vedic period which means must be some ten thousand eight thousand nine thousand years and so on however the credit goes to panini who lived in 600 BCE which is about 2700 years before presenting a structured work of Sanskrit vyakarna and Panini created what is called ashtadi which became so popular because of its brevity that's why it is very popular and basically yakarna means via Karana means to divide separate or analyze so it is a it's a nice methodology by which a word can be broken into pieces components and and analyzed and understood so by reverse logic with a few components you can build words that is how Sanskrit language is actually it is actually a constructive kind of a language Sanskrit grammar is very unique ah because it devices an ambiguous and rule-based methods to construct a word as I told you you can actually put things together and create a word one can generate new words one can reverse engineer by breaking a word into certain components and then analyze it that is also possible these are all part of vyakarna and yakarna has several features that parallel what has been applied in modern day data processing all those are methods for creating lists based on processing logic use of algorithmic approach to process the language application of recursive logic to process data Etc they're like this there are many interesting things are there I am not getting into detail into vyakarna simply because there is another chapter in which we will see it in great detail all these issues that I spoke about we will actually see it that's why I just want to say here merely that weakerna is a vedanga it brings the syntax and the grammatical Dimension to the language which we will see separately in another video in some detail [Music] foreign