Motherboard Connectors Overview

Overview

This lecture explains the main power and data connectors found on a computer motherboard, including their types, uses, and key features.

The main motherboard power connector supplies 3.3V, 5V, and 12V DC power.
Older motherboards use a 20-pin connector; newer ones use a 24-pin connector.
A 24-pin power supply connector can often be used with a 20-pin motherboard, with detachable extra pins if needed.
Connectors have keyed shapes to ensure correct orientation and installation.
Locking mechanisms prevent accidental removal of the power connector.

Some expansion cards (e.g., graphics cards) require more power than the motherboard provides.
PCI Express connectors come in 6-pin (75W) and 8-pin (150W) types for extra 12V power.
8-pin PCIe connectors may be separated into 6+2 pins for compatibility.

SATA connectors provide data connections for storage drives and have L-shaped designs.
ESATA (external SATA) provides external data connections via expansion cards.
M.2 connectors on the motherboard allow direct connection of compact storage modules.

Pin headers are rows of pins used for connecting internal devices like buttons, LEDs, and USB ports.
Pin headers are commonly labeled for functions like power buttons, reset switches, and front panel LEDs.
Some pin headers support specific modules (e.g., TPM, USB 2.0, USB 3.0).

Pin Header — A group of pins on the motherboard for internal cable connections.
SATA (Serial ATA) — Interface standard for connecting storage drives.
ESATA — External version of SATA for data transfer outside the computer case.
PCI Express Connector — Power connector for high-power expansion cards.
M.2 Connector — Compact slot for storage modules directly on the motherboard.
Keying — Shaping of connectors to prevent incorrect installation.

Review the different motherboard connectors on your own system.
Practice identifying pin headers and matching their functions using motherboard documentation.