hello wonderful people it's medicosis perfectus where medicine makes perfect sense this video is brought to you by pikm monic in previous videos in this microbiology playlist we have talked about the gram positive rods the gram positive cocky the gram negative rods on the gram negative cocky today we shall talk about congenital torch infections the T stands for toxoplasmosis o stands for others R is rubella C is citto Megalo H is herpes simplex also HIV and the S stands for syphilis this is video number 14 in this series to watch the entire playlist click on the link in the description box and also use the link in the description to get a discount towards more than 1,000 pictured pneumonics click the like button click the Subscribe button and let's get started in video number one in this microbiology playlist also in the pikm monic playlist we talked about eomis Israeli leria corini bacterium deia and nocardia in video number two we talked about the Chia Clum tety Clum botulinum Clum defil and Clum perrance in video number three we talked about sta orus St epidermus St sephius and strip pneumo in video number four we continue the stripto stripto veridan pyogenes and a galactia keep stripto cacus a galactia in mind because we will talk about today it's also known as Group B strepto coai by the way also okai and strep bovis were topics in video number four video number five the billus enthis and basilla surius as well as microbacterium lepay and microbacterium tuberculosis in video number six we talked about neria menius neria goria and morilla catalis video number seven it was hopus influenza bord pertois pastorella bru a and francisella video number eight Legionella and H pylori and here is an example of a bacterium that can lead to cancer how about viruses do you know the viruses that can cause cancer comment below in video number nine it was campor Juni vioa aeria coli and CPS pneumonia video number 10 sudon Proteus and salmonella video number 11 was chela and Yia video number 12 was about the Spyro Kates trinema padum that causes syphilis keep that in mind because we'll talk about it today especially congenital syphilis leptospira causes leptospirosis and boria borer causes lime disease and in the last video which was number 13 we talked about chlamidia Ria and micoplasma what is microbiology micro means small bio means lifeology means the study of so microbiology is the study of small microscopic life microbes are divided into bacteria fungi viruses and parasites and that's why the science of microbiology is divided into bacteriology funology or micology virology as well as parasitology today we will mention Group B strepto COI these are gram positive cocky they are called streptococus a galactia also known as Group B strap we'll also talk about congenital syphilis syphilis is a treponema it is spyroy and atomically it was supposed to be gram negative but in reality in the lab it does not stain with gram that's why we need other methods such as the dark field microscopy and we have talked about Group B strapped as well as syphilis in previous videos in this playlist if you want a nice animated chart to help you classify these organisms the gram positives the gram negatives Etc picmonic has a very nice chart today we're talking about tor infections there are many types of infections associated with pregnancy there are infections that are more common during pregnancy and postpartum so they can happen anytime but they are higher risk at pregnancy there are other infections whose complications increase during pregnancy such as Group B strapped then we have infections unique to pregnancy such as C amitis septic pelvic throof fitis and otomy with its lacerations and then we have have a group of infections affecting the fetus this is what we call torch infections which is an acronym that stands for the t is toxoplasma the O is other infections including varicel looster virus parvo b19 Hepatitis B Group B strap and we can also add garia the r is rubella the C is CMV cyto Megalo virus the H is herpes simplex virus and HIV virus and the S is Con genal syphilis now enjoy the picmonics there are several serious maternal infections that are associated with congenital anomalies and disorders and you can screen for them by remembering the acronym torches it's a witch trial and the angry mob wants to burn the woman with a torch as she's strapped to a screen door T stands for toxoplasmosis shown by the tox plasma Gandhi toxoplasmosis is a protozoan infection and is often a associated with pregnant women changing cat litter boxes O is for other shown by the other witches that have been captured and this category includes infections such as gonorrhea vericella Hepatitis B virus or hbv human imuno deficiency virus or HIV and parvo virus testing for these conditions is imperative in the prenatal period R represents rubella the red bell ringing signifying the start of this Rebellion rubella is a disease caused by the rubella virus and characteristically presents with a rash lowgrade fever cold-like symptoms and swollen glands the sound awakens the side toe Mega virus which represents C for cytomegalovirus CMV infection or cytomegalic inclusion disease during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage or still birth newborns with cmid present vent with intrauterine growth restriction or iugr and may be lethargic have hypotonia micral and experienced seizures H is for herpes simplex virus the herpes harp virus HSV and neonates can present with a vascular rash seizures or sepsis s is for syphilis seen here as syphilis sisifus which can present with deformities of the nose and legs including a saddle nose and saber legs the herpes harp virus summons the diagnostic computer to perform testing on the witch as pregnant mothers need diagnostic testing to determine titers and risk for torch infections so in summary torches screening is an important aspect of caring for pregnant women T is for toxoplasmosis o for other R for rubella C for cytomegalovirus a H for herpes simplex virus and S is for syphilis appropriate diagnostic testing should be performed to determine the risk for torches infections the torch infections include toxoplasmosis they include other infections such as verilla zoster virus parvo bay9 Gia clamidia and others then we have rubella cyto Megalo virus herpes simplex virus and don't forget syphilis Toxoplasma Yi shown by Gandhi in a tux with the plasma TV is a parasitic protozoa that can cause congenital torch infection the torch in the picture in a fetus whose mother contracts the disease during pregnancy mothers who contract the disease are often asymptomatic shown by her smiling face and rarely have lymph adenopathy shown by the lymph lme with the AD Sign non-specific signs common to many torch infections include hepatosplenomegaly jaundice and thrombos IA depicted by the yellow torch made of a liver and a trombone peanut common symptoms in infants with congenital infection include intrauterine growth retardation shown by the babies in the sea clamp stroller reading the rard book they can also get hipat splen omegal the enlarged liver and spleen balloons deafness the baby's headphones Coro retinitis the red Oreo tin eyes and hydris the hydras coming from the head congenital toxoplasmosis is also commonly associated with calcifications illustrated by the calcified cow next we have toxoplasmosis it's one of the torch infections we have asymptomatic mother sometimes with lympha inop ofy don't forget the defus the Coro retinitis the hydris and the intrauterine growth restriction as well as the intra cranial calcifications rubella is one of the congenital torch infections shown as a redbell torch this is an RNA virus which causes non-specific symptoms common to many torch infections including hepatosplenomegaly jaundice and thrombocytopenia represented by the yellow torch made of liver and a trombone peanut rubella leads to numerous defects in utero and is most dangerous to the fetus at 12 to 16 weeks of gestation eventually neonates are born with a classic Triad of manifestations including cluding a heart defect in the form of pton ductus arteriosis shown by the open duck connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery or pulmonary artery hypoplasia the pulmonary artery with hippo plates ocular defects such as cataracts the Cadillac cataracts and deafness the headphones another classic symptom of rubella in infants is a blueberry muffin rash the blueberry muffin body while glaucoma can also develop the Glock ey so in summary rubella is an RNA virus that causes a type of congenital torch infection commonly we see non-specific symptoms of many torch infections including hepatosplenomegaly jaundice and thrombocytopenia the classic Triad of neonatal manifestations include a heart defect in the form of pton ductus arteriosis or pulmonary artery hypoplasia along with cataracts and deafness infants can also display a blueberry muffin rash and glaucoma rubella is German Measles it's one of the torch infections we have cataracts we have glaucoma we have blueberry muffin rash don't forget the deafness the pon ductus arteriosis and the hypoplastic pulmonary artery cytomegalo virus is a DNA virus and is one of the congenital torch infections cytomegalo virus's torch characteristics are portrayed in this picmonic by the side toe Mega virus with the torch newborns who develop cytomegalo virus typically display non-specific torch symptoms that are common to many of the torch infections including hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia which is why we show the yellow torch made up of a liver and a trombone panut neonatal manifestations include intrauterine growth restriction or retardation Illustrated as the restrictive belt on the uterus another common symptom more specific to the cytomegalovirus infection is deafness shown by the headphones covering the ears along with micral the small head additional manifestations of neonatal CMV include seizures portrayed by Caesar and paravent icular calcifications the pervent calcified cow moreover CMV causes a peal rash shown by the tiki mask with a rash which is often described as a blueberry muffin rash Illustrated literally as the blueberry muffin with a rash finally another symptom of cyeg virus is Coro retinitis the Oro red tin eyes which is a full thickness retinal infection that can lead to blindness if not treated infants with congenital CMV infection are usually diagnosed with urine viral culture shown as the urinal virus culture dish or through PCR or polymerase Chain Reaction studies of the blood or serum the poly miror with the chain reacting so let's briefly review the torch infection Cy omegal virus signs and symptoms include non-specific torch symptoms like hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia infants display intrauterine growth restriction along with deafness and microsopy congenital CMV also leads to seizures and paraventricular calcifications classically we see a peal rash with this infection which is described as a blueberry muffin rash along with Coro retinitis diagnosis is made through urine viral culture or PCR studies of the blood or serum cyto Megalo virus is another torch infection we have deafness we have microsopy there is hypotonia we have seizures we have blueberry muffin rash ptia periventricular calcifications in the brain cardor retinitis and the diagnosis is via urine viral culture or PCR is one of the congenital torch infections that can occur when transmitted vertically from mother to child in this picmonic we describe the Spyro bacterial infection syphilis as syphilis Copus a character from Greek mythology notice that we use the spirals on the boulder to represent Spyro also make note that torch infections are portrayed in picmonics as a special torch which illustrates several non-specific torch symptoms including hepatosplenomegaly shown by the liver shaped flame on the torch John shown by the yellow color of the torch and thrombocytopenia the trombone peanut torch handle now congenital syphilis can result in still birth shown by the baby Stone statue or cause highy drops Fatalis of the infant portrayed by the ey drop fetus which is a condition of abnormal fluid accumulation in at least two compartments of the fetus If the child survives any perinatal complications deformities of the bone are common beginning with a sharp anterior Boeing of the tibia a development called saber shins Illustrated as the saber-tooth tiger biting the shin those born with congenital syphilis often display notched teeth seen literally as the notched teeth and these are often referred to as Hutchinson's teeth these teeth are smaller more widely spaced than normal teeth and display notches on the biting surfaces another Dental complication of Syphilis is the presence of dwarfed MERS with cusps covered with globular enamel growths referred to as Mulberry MERS these symptoms present in early childhood after the age of two in contrast one of the earliest symptoms of congenital syphilis is Snuffles or persistent ritis and this is seen before the age of two patients commonly display a collapse of the bridge of the nose a finding described as saddle nose represented by the saddle on the nose inflammation of the cornea in congenital syphilis can lead to blindness portrayed by the blinds over the eyes and sensor and oral hearing loss or deafness pictured by the headphones covering the ears finally hepatitis shown by the liver inflam is also a known manifestation of congenital syphilis so let's recap syphilis which is one of the congenital torch infections to be aware of infants who contract this infection often display non-specific torch symptoms which include hepatosplenomegaly jaundice and thrombocytopenia often vertically transmitted syphilis results in still birth and is linked to abnormal fluid accumulation a phenomenon termed hydrops Fatalis bone deformities are common with congenital syphilis with patients going on to develop saber shins not teeth and a saddle nose other complications of this infection include blindness deafness and hepatitis congenital syphilis do not forget the blindness the deafness the death in utero still Born High Drops Fatalis saber chins Hutchinson teeth which is notched do not forget the hepatitis as well after each picmonic you have multiple choice questions like these here's question one two and three if you know the answer to these questions please comment below picmonics let you rearrange the topics based on the book that you're using to study you can watch the picmonics by subjects or by systems each day you have a quiz of multiple choice questions to see if you're remember or not this is the step-by-step approach that I use to master these PCM monics I watch the animation then I watch the story animation there is education and there is story these are two different mod on Pik Monica then I watch the animation again I pause and look 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from the mother to the baby can lead to neonatal sepsis or neonatal pneumonia or neonatal menitis diagnosed by PCR or culture treatment is penicillin don't forget that penicillin V is oral but this is penicillin G which is injection because this is a severe condition the prophylaxis is penicillin the treatment is also penicillin next toxoplasmosis that's the T in the word torch risk factors undercooked meat and exposure to cat faces here are the neonatal symptoms do not forget the hydris Coro retinitis and intracranial calcifications diagnosed by PCR treatment is pyrrothine sulfazine next very C isoster virus part of the o letter others acquired by respiratory droplets can lead to rash and pneumonia in the mother can lead to skin disease is in the baby diagnose with PCR treat ayc prevention vericel isoster imunoglobulin next rubella which is the r in the acronym acquired by respiratory droplets symptoms include the blueberry muffin rash the congenital cataract congenital deafness p conductus arteriosis and the hypoplastic pulmonary artery and do not forget the glaucoma as well diagnosis PCR treatment there is no treatment for Rella one once I have it but I can prevent it via the MMR vaccine this is a live attenuated vaccine so we should not give it during pregnancy we should give it before pregnancy next CMV Neal symptoms include seizures congenital dness intracranial per ventricular calcifications don't forget the hypotonia and the Coro retinitis diagnosed with PCR treat with G cyclo veir if it ends in Veer it's antiviral HSV or herpes simp virus draw the line in the sand above the waist is usually hsv1 below the waist is hsv2 we're talking about vertical transmission from the mother to the neonate so we're talking about hsv2 in most cases but not all cases neonatal symptoms include meningo entis gingivostomatitis herpes of thalmus and sepsis so it's a beautiful song meningoencephalitis gingivostomatitis and herpes of thitis diagnosis Zang smear PCR and you can culture the ulcer herpes love to make vesicles that can ulcerate treatment a cyc of prevention C-section if the vaginal Canal is likely contaminated with herpes try not to deliver vaginally instead perform acarian section HIV in the mother symptoms of HIV and that's a very big topic Nal symptoms include fatigue weight loss lymphadenopathy lethargy fevers oral thrush and hipos penegal it is very similar to infectious mononucleosis in its presentation diagnosis the old school Eliza and Western blood nowadays HIV 1 or HIV 2 antigen antibody amuno assay and the vital load should suffice the antigen antibody amuno aay is for the mother but the vital load is for the mother and the baby treatment there is no treatment for congenital neonatal HIV but you can try to decrease the risk by performing a C-section and by giving anti-retroviral medications syphilis symptoms of congenital syphilis include anemia hydrops fetalis Mulberry molars saddle nose Snuffles RADS saber Shin Hutchinson teeth or notched teeth and it can lead to Nal death stillborn and hydrops Vitalis diagnosis the painless Shanker can be diagnosed with dark field microscopy then we have serum tests like vdrl and rpr these are more sensitive and less specific if you want the more specific ones you have mhpa or FDA ABS the treatment of Syphilis is similar to the treatment of Group B strep it's penicillin g once again and let's review one more the torch infections include the T toxoplasmosis o others including parvo b19 including hepatitis B and HIV you can put HIV with the others or you can put HIV with the H there's also very Coster and gonar then we have the r which is rubella C cyto Megalo virus H is herpes simplex virus and HIV and s is syphilis look at this wonderful preparation of the rpr vdrl FTA abs and mha TPA talk oop plasmosis is a torch infection torch infections are characterized by hpal jaundice the yellow liver and thrombocytopenia in many cases the mother is asymptomatic or might have lymphadenopathy the fetus intrauterine growth restriction iugr hepatosplenomegaly deafness Coro retinitis and hydrophilus and don't forget the calcifications in the brain next we have rubella which is German Measles hence the German flag we have nonspecific torch symptoms including hepatomegaly jaundice and thrombocytopenia congenital rubella syndrome is characterized by Pon ductus arteriosis with the continuous machine like murmur pulmonary artery hypoplasia there is deafness we have congenital cataract we have glaucoma and blueberry muffin rash next we have cyto Megalo virus the nonspecific torch symptoms include hepatosplenomegaly jaundice and thrombocytopenia the fetus intrauterine growth restriction deafness microsopy seizures periventricular calcifications ptical rash and blueberry muffin rash and don't forget the cordor retinitis diagnosis is via urine viral culture and PCR next we have syphilis non-specific torch symptoms including hepat megal jaundice and thrombocytopenia it can lead to sto birth and High Drops Fatalis saber shins notched teeth saddle nose blindness deafness and hepatitis there are also secretions around the mouth and nose known as RADS as well as Snuffles also known as syphilitic rhinitis which is more severe than the common ritis if you join picmonic today by clicking on the link in the description box or in the first comment you'll get access to more than 1,800 different picmonics each picmonic has an animated video in two formats one is educational one is story and there are multiple choice questions after each picmonic they have picmonics for all of these different bacteria and much more not to mention the fungi the viruses the parasites the prion diseases Etc and that's just microbiology they also have picmonics for anatomy physiology biochemistry pathology psychology internal medicine and much much more my favorite picmonics are those of microbiology pharmacology genetic diseases and OBGYN whether you're studying to be a doctor a 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