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Les Misérables Volume 1 Summary

Oct 7, 2024

Les Misérables, Volume 1, Fontaine, Book 8: A Counterblow

Summary of Key Points

Chapter 1: In What Mirror Monsieur Madeleine Contemplates His Hair

  • Context: Day breaks with Fontaine having a sleepless, feverish night.
  • **Characters Introduced: **
    • Fontaine: Ill, sleeps in a feverish delirium.
    • Monsieur Madeleine: Visits Fontaine, known as the Mayor.
    • Sister Semplice: Assisting Fontaine, preparing medicine.
  • Plot Developments:
    • Fontaine believes the Mayor will bring her child, Cosette.
    • Monsieur Madeleine's hair has turned white overnight.
    • Conversation about not lying to Fontaine about Cosette's arrival.
    • Madeleine visits the sleeping Fontaine, senses her tranquility and near-death state.

Chapter 2: Fontaine Happy

  • Fontaine's Joy:
    • Assumes her child, Cosette, is with Madeleine.
    • Expresses her dreams and happiness about reuniting with her daughter.
    • The doctor advises against seeing Cosette immediately due to Fontaine's health.
  • Fontaine's Delusions:
    • Hears a child in the yard, believes it's Cosette.
    • Remains hopeful and plans future with her daughter.

Chapter 3: Javert Satisfied

  • Arrival of Javert:
    • Javert enters Fontaine's room to arrest Monsieur Madeleine.
    • Javert's demeanor—cool, yet agitated, signifies his internal turmoil.
    • Javert's pride in catching Jean Valjean.
    • Jean Valjean (Monsieur Madeleine) accepts his fate without resistance.

Chapter 4: Authority Reasserts Its Rights

  • Confrontation:
    • Fontaine's fear at seeing Javert.
    • Javert's aggressive arrest of Madeleine.
    • Fontaine's condition worsens as she witnesses the arrest.
  • Fontaine's Death:
    • Fontaine dies from shock and heartbreak.
    • Jean Valjean accuses Javert of causing her death.

Chapter 5: A Suitable Tomb

  • Aftermath of Arrest:
    • Public reaction to Madeleine's arrest—a mix of shock and betrayal.
    • Jean Valjean escapes from custody, returns to his former lodgings briefly.
    • Sister Semplice's Lie: Protects Jean Valjean when Javert searches for him.
  • Jean Valjean's Departure:
    • Leaves M. Sur M. under disguise, carrying a bundle.
  • Fontaine's Burial:
    • Fontaine receives a pauper's burial.
    • Despite her tragic end and unmarked grave, implied divine justice.

Themes and Analysis

  • Deception and Reality: The conflict between what is real and perceived by characters like Fontaine and Madeleine.
  • Authority and Power: Javert's unwavering belief in law, contrasted with Jean Valjean's moral courage.
  • Tragedy and Misfortune: Fontaine's tragic fate and the harsh realities faced by the poor and marginalized.
  • Humanity and Redemption: Valjean's compassion as a constant element against societal judgments.

Character Dynamics

  • Jean Valjean/Monsieur Madeleine: Embodies the struggle for redemption and the conflicts between past and present identities.
  • Javert: Represents the unyielding and harsh nature of law.
  • Fontaine: Symbolizes innocence and victimhood in a cruel society.

Important Quotes

  • Fontaine's certainty about Cosette: Reflects her hope and innocence.
  • Javert's satisfaction on capturing Valjean: Reveals his rigid adherence to law.
  • Jean Valjean's accusation to Javert: Highlights the human cost of blind justice.

Conclusion

  • Les Misérables' first volume concludes with themes of justice, injustice, and redemption interwoven into the characters' lives, setting the stage for subsequent volumes.