Crash Course World History: China

Introduction

• Presenter: John Green
• Focus on China's historical narrative rather than modern perceptions.
• Modern Context: Discussion around China's rise as a global power.

The Concept of "Modern State"

• China as the first modern state with a centralized government and bureaucracy.
• Longevity from 150 BCE to 1911 CE.

Chinese Historical Writing

• Chinese were among the first to write history (e.g., Confucian Classic "Shu Jing").
• Challenges in historical narratives due to the storytelling methods.

Dynastic Rule in China

• Definition: Ruled by an Emperor from a continuous ruling family.
• End of a Dynasty: Occurs due to lack of heirs or rebellions.
• Notable Dynasties:
  • Shang: Overthrown by Zhou.
  • Qin: Reunified China, gave it the name.
  • Han: Set historical patterns, ruled for 400 years.
  • Tang, Song, Yuan (Mongol rule): Each had significant impacts.
  • Ming: Built the Great Wall.
  • Qing: Last dynasty, ended in 1911.

Mandate of Heaven

• Originated during Zhou Dynasty.
• Used to justify the rise and fall of dynasties.
• Examples include the fall of Shang due to alleged immoral actions (e.g., orgies).

Confucian Influence

• Confucius: Minor official during Warring States, developed a philosophical system.
• Key Concepts:
  • Filial Piety: Respectful father-son relationship.
  • Chunzi: 'Superior Man,' acts morally and maintains order.
  • Ren & Li: Propriety and ritual, essential for proper conduct.
• Confucianism became foundational for Chinese governance and culture.

Historical Narratives

• Historian bias due to Confucian training, affecting how dynastic changes were documented.
• Emphasis on moral conduct of emperors as central to maintaining the Mandate of Heaven.

Modern and Historical Perspectives

• Historians' perspectives can change how history is interpreted.
• Importance of considering the biases of historical narratives.

Conclusion

• Understanding China's history requires examining the Mandate of Heaven and Confucian influence.
• Next topic previewed is Alexander the Great.