Anatomy Lab: The Pericardium and Pericarditis

Introduction

• The heart is encased in a protective sac called the pericardium.
• The lecture involves examining the pericardium by opening it up to explore its anatomical features.

Structure of the Pericardium

• Two-layered Structure:
  • Fibrous Pericardium:
    • Outer layer made from dense irregular connective tissue.
    • Protects the heart and keeps it anchored in place.
  • Serous Pericardium:
    • Inner glossy membrane secreting serous fluid to reduce friction.
    • Made up of two parts:
      • Parietal Pericardium: Lines the fibrous pericardium.
      • Visceral Pericardium: Attaches to the heart's surface.

Function of Serous Fluid

• Reduces Friction: Allows smooth movement between the heart and pericardial sac during heartbeats.

Pericarditis

• Definition: Inflammation of the pericardial sac.
• Symptoms:
  • Chest Pain: Sharp, sudden onset, improves by sitting up/leaning forward, pleuritic in nature (worsens with coughing or deep breathing).
  • Pericardial Friction Rub: A sound detectable with a stethoscope due to friction from inflammation.
• Diagnosis: Often through ECG, which shows unique features associated with pericarditis.

Complications

• Pericardial Effusion: Excess fluid in the pericardial space, potentially serious if large.

Treatment

• Rest and Supportive Therapies:
  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen.
  • If NSAIDs are intolerable, prednisone (a steroid) may be used.
  • Colchicine: Often used in conjunction with the above for extended treatment.

Prognosis

• Most pericarditis cases resolve with home treatment unless complicated by other conditions like severe effusion or high fever.

Conclusion

• Emphasis on the importance of body donation for educational purposes.
• Encouragement to participate actively in learning and stay informed through various channels.

• Note: Always seek medical attention for chest pain to rule out serious conditions like myocardial infarction.

• Call to Action: Support educational channels and stay engaged with learning content.