Lecture Notes: Polyandry in the Himalayas

Introduction to Polyandry

• Polyandry is a marriage system where one woman has several husbands.
• Uncommon today, but still practiced in isolated Himalayan villages.

Case Study: Sunita Kumari

• Sunita Kumari has not one, but three husbands, all of whom are brothers.
• This practice is practical for the community despite being unconventional to Western minds.

Reasons for Practicing Polyandry

• Preservation of Land:
  • Arable land is scarce in the Himalayas. Dividing land for each generation would lead to food shortages.
  • Polyandry keeps the land intact and secures the family's future.
• Role Reversal in Domestic Duties:
  • Men in these communities handle domestic chores, including cooking and childcare.
• Family Decision Making:
  • Marriages are arranged by the family, with the consent of everyone involved.
• Birth Control:
  • Limits the number of children a woman can have despite multiple husbands, controlling population growth.

Social Dynamics and Practices

• Marriage Structure:
  • Involves the oldest son and possibly his younger brothers.
  • Participation of younger brothers is optional, though commonly practiced.
• Sexual Dynamics:
  • Scheduling is key to managing relationships.
  • The wife must be understanding and tolerant.
• Handling Jealousy:
  • Smart wives manage their time and relationship to mitigate jealousy among husbands.

Challenges and Changes

• Modernization:
  • Roads and satellite dishes have connected these villages to modern cities, altering local perceptions.
• Education and Family Planning:
  • Increased education leads to different family planning practices, reducing the need for polyandry.
  • Polyandry may disappear in two to three generations.

Cultural Perspective

• Despite the changes, those practicing polyandry find comfort and peace in their way of life, emphasizing unity and shared living.