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1851 Treaty with Indigenous Tribes

May 16, 2025

Treaty with the Cu-lu, Yas-si, etc., 1851

Date: September 18, 1851
Location: Fork of Cosumnes River
Parties Involved: United States Indian Agent O. M. Wozencraft and the chiefs, captains, and head men of the Cu-lu, Yas-si, Loc-lum-ne, and Wo-pum-nes tribes.

Overview

This treaty was made to establish peace and friendship between the United States and the aforementioned tribes. It involved the acknowledgment of U.S. sovereignty and jurisdiction, the establishment of a reservation for the tribes, and provisions for their welfare and civilization.

Key Articles

Article 1: Sovereignty

  • The tribes acknowledge the United States as the sole and absolute sovereign of all their territories, as previously ceded by treaty with Mexico.

Article 2: Jurisdiction and Peace

  • The tribes acknowledge they are under U.S. jurisdiction and protection.
  • They commit to peace, refraining from hostilities towards the U.S. government and citizens.
  • Agree to follow the laws and regulations of the Indian Bureau.

Article 3: Reservation Lands

  • A district in California is designated for the tribes' sole use.
  • The U.S. reserves rights for public use, including military posts and facilities.
  • Tribes agree to claim no other lands within the U.S.

Article 4: Subsistence Aid

  • The U.S. will provide 500 beef cattle and 200 sacks of flour over two years to aid in the tribes' transition to the reservation.

Article 5: Civilizing Aid

  • The U.S. will supply clothing, fabric, tools, and livestock.
  • Includes specific items such as red flannel shirts, gowns, calico, iron, and steel.
  • Property from the supplied livestock and tools cannot be sold or exchanged without the agent's consent.

Article 6: Educational and Agricultural Support

  • The U.S. will employ a farmer, carpenter, wheelwright, blacksmith, and teachers to aid the tribes.
  • Schoolhouses and workshops will be constructed.
  • Support staff will be paid by the U.S. for at least five years.

Signatories

  • United States: O. M. Wozencraft, Indian Agent
  • Cu-lu Tribe: Mi-on-quish
  • Yas-si Tribe: San-tea-go
  • Loc-lum-ne Tribe: Pol-tuck
  • Wo-pum-nes Tribe: Hin-coy-e, Mat-tas, Hol-loh, Boy-er

Witnesses

  • Flavel Belcher
  • J. B. McKinnie
  • William Rhoad

The treaty was signed and sealed in the presence of witnesses and explained fully to the tribe leaders.

View note sourcehttps://treaties.okstate.edu/treaties/treaty-with-the-cu-lu-yas-si-etc-1851-21836#:~:text=A%20treaty%20of%20peace%20and,and%20Wo%2Dpum%2Dnes