Lecture Notes: The Human Body

Introduction

• Welcome to the lesson with Lucy on the human body.
• Emphasis on detailed exploration of the body.
• Free PDF available for download with vocabulary, definitions, and a quiz.

Head and Face

• Forehead: Pronunciation varies (forehead vs forehead).
• Temples: Flat areas on either side of the forehead; location of temporal bones.
• Ear Anatomy:
  • Tragus: Small flap of cartilage at the front of the ear.
  • Earlobe: Soft fleshy part at the bottom of the ear.
• Crown: Top of the head; covered by the scalp.
• Occipital Bone: Bump at the back of the head; protects brain's visual processing center.

Eyes

• Iris: Colored part of the eye.
• Pupil: Black hole in the center of the eye; responds to light.
• Sclera: White part of the eye.
• Eyelids: Keep eyes moist and protected.
• Eyelashes: Protect eyes; hairs on eyelids.
• Eyebrows: Help keep sweat out of eyes.
• Glabella: Dip between eyebrows; where frown lines may form.
• Dimples: Indentations in cheeks caused by muscle splits.

Nose and Mouth

• Nostrils: Openings at the bottom of the nose.
• Philtrum: Groove between nose and upper lip.
• Cupid's Bow: Curvature of the upper lip.
• Gums: Hold teeth in place.
• Palate: Roof of the mouth.
• Uvula: Dangle at the back of the throat; assists in swallowing.

Neck and Shoulders

• Nape: Back of the neck.
• Adam's Apple: Prominent lump at the front of the neck; covers the larynx.
• Clavicle: Fancy name for the collarbone; commonly broken.
• Trapezius Muscle: Large muscle running from back of the head down the neck.
• Shoulder Blades: Large flat bones at the back, also known as scapulae.

Quiz 1: Body Parts

1. Colored part of the eye? Iris
2. Groove between nose and lip? Philtrum
3. Not found in the mouth? Nape
4. Another name for collarbone? Clavicle
5. Part that covers the larynx? Adam's Apple

Torso

• Sternum: Long flat bone, shield for heart and lungs.
• Solar Plexus: Network of sensitive nerves.
• Obliques: Muscles aiding in twisting and bending.
• Navel: Belly button; where umbilical cord was attached.
• Rib Cage: Typically 12 pairs of ribs; protects organs and assists in breathing.
• Floating Ribs: Bottom two pairs not attached to sternum.
• Spine: Composed of 33 vertebrae, divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx regions.

Reproductive System

• Female Anatomy: Ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, vagina, vulva.
• Male Anatomy: Testicles, scrotum, penis.
• Note: Not all individuals fit into these categories; vocabulary is important.

Arms and Hands

• Biceps: Muscles at the top of the arm.
• Triceps: Muscles at the back of the arm.
• Forearm: Area between elbow and wrist.
• Wrist: Flexible area due to carpals.
• Palm: Inner flat part of the hand.
• Knuckles: Joints on fingers.
• Fingertip: Sensitive end of each finger.
• Fingernail: Grows from the nail bed; cuticle keeps it in place.

Legs and Feet

• Thigh: Top part of the leg; contains quadriceps.
• Hamstring: Muscles at the back of the leg.
• Kneecap: Patella, round bone at the front of the knee.
• Bursa: Fluid-filled sack aiding joint movement.
• Calf: Back of the lower leg.
• Tibia: Bone at the front of the lower leg.
• Achilles Tendon: Strongest tendon; often injured.
• Foot Anatomy: Calcaneus (heel), sole, arch, ball of foot, hallux (big toe), pinky toe.

Skin and Hair

• Pores: Tiny openings in the skin.
• Sebaceous Glands: Produce oil/sebum.
• Freckles: Flat brown spots on the skin.
• Moles: Raised spots on the skin.
• Birthmarks: Colored marks present since birth.
• Hair Follicles: Where hair strands grow.
• Cowlick: Hair growing in a different direction.

Quiz 2: Review

1. Bendable parts of fingers? Knuckles
2. Bottom of the foot? Sole
3. Colored spots on skin? Freckles
4. Largest bone in the body? Femur
5. Scientific name for big toe? Hallux

Conclusion

• Importance of knowing body vocabulary for health and fitness discussions.
• Encouragement to download the PDF for more information and quizzes.
• Reminder to take care of your body parts.