802.11 Network Technical Specifications

Frequency Ranges

• 2.4 GHz Range
  • Used by many 802.11 standards.
  • Limited to Channels 1, 6, and 11.
  • Bandwidth: 20 MHz, covering 2412 MHz to 2482 MHz.
  • Commonly congested in dense areas (e.g., apartment complexes).
• 5 GHz Range
  • Offers more 20 MHz channels compared to 2.4 GHz.
  • Allows for greater throughput with larger bandwidths (40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz).
  • Useful in areas with multiple access points.

Channel Management

• IEEE assigns numbers to channels for easy reference.
• Important to use different wireless channels for multiple access points in one area to avoid interference.

Regulations

• Governed by local agencies, specifying frequency usage, power limits, and interference rules.
• Differences in regulations based on geographic location.

Comparison of Frequency Bands

• 2.4 GHz Band
  • Limited channels lead to interference and congestion in high-density areas.
• 5 GHz Band
  • More channels available, reducing risk of interference and allowing for larger bandwidths.

Bluetooth Networks

• Operate on the 2.4 GHz band, specifically the unlicensed ISM part (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical).
• Commonly used for personal area networks, covering about 10 meters.
• Industrial Bluetooth standards can extend range beyond 100 meters.

Conclusion

• Both 802.11 wireless and Bluetooth networks rely heavily on the 2.4 GHz band.
• Selection of frequency and bandwidth is essential for optimizing network performance and avoiding interference.