Overview
This section introduces psychology as the scientific study of mind and behavior, explains how psychologists use the scientific method, and describes why studying psychology is valuable for critical thinking and understanding human behavior.
Defining Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
- Psychologists use the scientific method to generate and test hypotheses about behavior and mental processes.
- A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that must fit into a broader scientific theory.
- Scientific theories are explanations for aspects of the natural world consistently supported by evidence.
- Research results are shared so others can replicate or build on findings.
- Psychology focuses on questions that are perceivable and measurable.
- The field is both a natural science (biological roots) and a social science (influenced by social interactions).
- Psychology became an academic discipline in the late 1800s, previously considered part of philosophy.
The Scientific Approach in Psychology
- The scientific method is a form of empiricism, relying on observation and experimentation.
- Empirical methods use measurable data rather than solely logic or previous authority.
- Science deals with matter and energy, so understanding non-physical aspects of the mind is limited.
- Questions in psychology must be testable and based on observable data.
Importance of Studying Psychology
- Many students study psychology to help others or to gain self-understanding.
- Psychology is a popular major in the United States, accounting for about 6% of all bachelor's degrees.
- Psychology education sharpens critical thinking, scientific literacy, and communication skills.
- Critical thinking involves skepticism, recognition of bias, logical reasoning, questioning, and observation.
- Studying psychology helps students evaluate the reliability and usefulness of information.
- Students learn how biology, environment, and experience shape behavior and recognize human diversity.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Psychology — The scientific study of the mind and behavior.
- Hypothesis — A tentative explanation for a phenomenon, testable by scientific methods.
- Theory — A well-supported, broad explanation for an aspect of the natural world.
- Empiricism — Acquiring knowledge through observation and experimentation.
- Critical Thinking — Actively applying skills to evaluate information for understanding and reliability.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Watch the linked video about questions to consider before deciding to major in psychology.
- Reflect on reasons for studying psychology and how it may benefit your personal or professional goals.