right and on top of that ocean you've got an atmosphere that comes out like this so that's your atmosphere and that atmosphere is also really really really really big so it's got to be made out of very very common materials there's just not enough oxygen in our solar system to make an atmosphere this big so what's this atmosphere made out of if you were to take a guess what's this atmosphere probably made out of on Jupiter there's not enough oxygen in our solar system is not enough carbon dioxide in our solar system hydrogen and helium so the atmosphere of height of Jupiter is also made of hydrogen and helium which means that the air and the ocean are made of the exact same stuff okay the air and the ocean are made of the exact same stuff on Jupiter and we're gonna get into more detail about exactly how this works as we go along but here's my question is that the same way on earth is our air made of the same stuff that our ocean is made out of on earth yes or no is the air of Earth made out of the same stuff as the ocean no because our ocean is made out of water and the air is made out of you guys know what the air is made out of on earth what's the air made out of on earth what's this air that we're breathing it what's what's what's the air made out of oxygen is one of the things but actually oxygen only makes up close to 25% of our air so earth air is made out of oxygen o2 it's a molecule made of two oxygen molecules but it's not the number one thing nitrogen is the number one thing somebody pointed that out there we go 75% of our air is made out of nitrogen close to 25% is oxygen and these are rough percentages we typically think of oxygen being the main thing in the air because that's what's useful for us to breathe but there's three times as much nitrogen in the air as there is oxygen we just breed that nitrogen in and we just breathe it right back out okay those are those are probably somebody saying 78% 21% in which are roughly 75 25 close enough um now here we go here we go so this causes a kind of a strange thing on Jupiter okay makes Jupiter kind of weird here's a quick question have you guys been to the beach and seen the ocean have you guys seen the ocean before on earth sorry not the juvenile yeah you've seen the ocean on earth and the when you go to the beach do you have a hard time telling where the ocean starts do you have a hard time figuring out where the edge of the ocean is here on earth it's pretty easy to tell where the water is right like if you walked up to it like if this was the ocean if you had your hand up here your hand would be dry and you could sort of go sploosh and get your hand and then you're like oh my hands wet now and also you could see that edge right so you know where the sky is and where the ocean is and you can kind of see it along the horizon right if you were to go to Jupiter let's say I'd were to take you okay and I were to just drop you into Jupiter I was just gonna drop you into Jupiter number one you're gonna die I'm sorry about that sorry I dropped you into Jupiter but if you did at first you would be falling through the air just like on earth right you just be falling falling and falling and falling and falling but when you get to the ocean you probably wouldn't splash okay in fact you would probably go into the ocean without actually knowing that you had okay because the air and the ocean are made of the same stuff and because of the way the pressure works on this planet essentially what's going to happen is as you fall through the air it would get thicker and thicker and thicker and thicker and eventually you'd float so you'd be like eventually you could float and you wouldn't even know where that transition was there's no upper edge the air just gradually becomes ocean as you get deeper there's no like edge of the ocean that you could float a boat on so boats wouldn't work even though the entire jupiter has ocean all the way around it and there's no land sticking up there's no continents here you would not be able to use a boat here boats just wouldn't work it's very very strange now does Jupiter have land does Jupiter have land and by land we mean here a solid material that's sticking up out of the ocean does Jupiter have any of that based on this picture we've got people starting to dip out that's okay know right so let's put over here in the terrestrial list because we are mostly solid we have a solid surface a solid surface whereas over here because Jovians are mostly liquid and gas they do not have a solid surface no solid surface no land and that's a little bit of a just of a definition type thing so no solid surface for those guys okay it's a little bit of a definition type thing on terrestrial planets because our ocean is so weak because it's barely there we consider the bottom of the ocean on the earth to be a solid surface for the planet so we have a solid surface all the way around whereas on the jovian planets in order to get to that solid you would have to go all the way down to the very very very bottom of this ocean okay this solid is so deep under the ocean we consider this to be the surface so jovian planets have no solid surface now by the way by the way check this out would you want to would you want to visit this solid surface down here at the bottom would you want to visit that place would you want to visit the core of Jupiter no you wouldn't it's a bad idea you definitely don't want to visit that core okay and the reason is pretty simple does they know what would happen to the human body if it goes to the bottom of the ocean does anybody know what happens to a human body if it goes the bottom of Earth's ocean yeah you're gonna die and you're gonna be crushed by the weight of the ocean right even though Earth's ocean is real barely there'd and though Earth's ocean is kind of small compared to those jovian planets going to the bottom of Earth's ocean is gonna put you under enough pressure that it will implode your body your body will be will be crushed into paste there have been people who have accidentally been pulled to the bottom of our ocean in diving suits and when they pull that diving suit back up they it looks like you can't see a human being inside because the human got turned into soup in the bottom of the like the boots of the the diving suit so you can get all basically you liquefied by the pressure at the bottom of Earth's ocean sorry to put that image in your head sorry about that so would you want to go visit the bottom of Jupiter's ocean no it's gonna be even worse right why would it be even worse to go to the bottom of Jupiter's ocean why would it be worse giving guys there's gonna be even more pressure right and why would there be even more pressure why would there be even more pressure at the bottom of that ocean there's a pretty simple reason that there's gonna be more pressure yeah this ocean is bigger so it's heavier Jupiter's gravity is pulling that ocean in and so the heavier that ocean is the more pressure you're gonna have at the bottom of this ocean so the pressure at the bottom of Jupiter's ocean is absolutely ridiculously higher and also that the higher gravity of Jupiter means there's going to be even more pressure right so yeah you're gonna get absolutely destroyed if you were to visit the the core of Jupiter now why would you want to visit the core of Jupiter what we said that the core of Jupiter is made out of the same basic materials that earth is but because of this extreme pressure it's gonna be in a slightly different form check this out let me give you one example one type of material we have on earth is carbon right carbon so on earth we have carbon and most of the time carbon is in the form of like coal or or graphite but yes somebody's actually pointing out what does carbon turn into when you squeeze it really really really tight when you put it under a lot of pressure it turns into diamonds so because the core of Jupiter probably has at least as much carbon as we have but it's under an extreme amount of pressure that means there's probably a ton a ton of diamonds in the core of Jupiter think of all of the coal and all of the carbon and pencils and all of the carbon in the human body all of that all of that carbon is probably diamonds in here so there's just bajillions and bajillions of the diamonds in the core of Jupiter so unfortunately you can't go and bring it back because if you were to dip down in that ocean you would be destroyed and also by the way if you brought that many diamonds out and brought them to earth what would happen to the value of diamonds if you brought all the diamonds of Jupiter from Earth I'm sorry if you brought all of the diamonds of Jupiter to earth what would happen to the value of diamonds in that case yeah there's so many diamonds in Jupiter that diamonds would be basically worthless if we could get those diamonds out nobody would really care about diamonds nearly as much if they were just everywhere so it's probably good that those diamonds are absolutely trapped okay now that's enough about Jupiter for right now we'll talk more about Jupiter when we talk about individual planets later