AP World History Modern Speed Review

Introduction

• Purpose: To cover the entire AP World History Modern course quickly.
• Speed Review Sheet: Download and use to check items you're unfamiliar with for further review.

Unit 1: 1200 to 1450

East Asia

• Song Dynasty: Dominated using Neo-Confucianism and civil service exams.
• Buddhism: Main belief system; influence spread to Korea and Japan.

Dar al-Islam

• Caliphate System: Ended with Abbasids' fall to Mongols.
• Turkey: Established sultanates; notable for contributions in math, science, medicine.

South and Southeast Asia

• Buddhism and Hinduism: Influential in the region.
• Sufism: Mystical Islam, attracting many converts.

The Americas

• Incas: Centralized power using road systems and labor systems.
• Aztecs: Centralized power through human sacrifices and lake farms.

Africa and Europe

• Africa: Mali, trans-Saharan trade, Great Zimbabwe, Swahili Coast.
• Europe: Feudalism, decentralized government.

Unit 2: 1200 to 1450

Trade Routes

• Silk Road: Connected East and West; luxury goods, banking houses.
• Indian Ocean Trade: Maritime Silk Road; diasporas, Admiral Zheng He, monsoon winds.
• Trans-Saharan Trade: Reconnected Islam to sub-Saharan Africa.

Consequences

• Environmental: Bubonic plague, crop diffusion.
• Cultural: Spread of religions, travel accounts, technological impacts.
• Mongols: Spread ideas and technologies.

Unit 3: 1450 to 1750

Gunpowder Empires

• Manchus: Established final Chinese dynasty; continued traditional systems.
• Ottomans: Conquered Constantinople; Debsure may system, janissaries.
• Mughals: Islamic rulers in Hindu India; religious tolerance.
• Safavids: Shia Empire between Sunni rivals.

Belief Systems

• Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther challenged the Church.
• Sikhism: New religion blending Hindu and Islamic teachings.

Unit 4: 1450 to 1750

Maritime Empires

• Technologies: Caravels, astrolabes, compasses.
• Portuguese: First explorers, transatlantic slave trade.
• Spanish: Established viceroyalties, encomienda system.

Columbian Exchange

• Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and culture.

Social Systems

• Casta System: Racial hierarchy in the New World.
• Labor Systems: Coerced labor and slavery.

Unit 5: 1750 to Present

Revolutions

• Enlightenment Influence: Inspired American, French, Haitian, Latin American revolutions.
• Nationalism: Groups fight for nation-state governance.

Industrial Revolution

• Origin: Began in Britain; factory system, steam engine.
• Effects: Decline in Asian production, rise of capitalism.
• Social Changes: Women's rights movements, rise of working class.

Unit 6: 1750 to Present

Imperialism

• Economic Motivations: Raw materials, markets for goods.
• Major Empires: British, Japanese, Russian, French.

Consequences

• Migrations: Global movement to urban areas.
• Resistance: Sepoy Mutiny, local resistance movements.

Unit 7: 1900 to Present

World Wars

• World War I: Total war, propaganda, new military technologies.
• Interwar Period: Great Depression, rise of totalitarian states.
• World War II: Similar tactics as WWI, introduction of atomic bombs.

Atrocities

• Focus on the Holocaust; mention others like Armenian Genocide.

Unit 8: 1900 to Present

Cold War

• Ideological Split: Capitalism vs. Communism.
• Proxy Wars: Indirect conflicts like Vietnam and Afghanistan.

Decolonization

• Non-violent Movements: India, Ghana.
• Violent Movements: Algeria, Vietnam.

Unit 9: 1900 to Present

Globalization

• Technological Advancements: Planes, cell phones, global trade.
• Environmental Impact: Climate change concerns.
• Cultural Exchange: Global spread of culture; UN maintains peace.

Conclusion

• The course provides a comprehensive overview of global history, emphasizing interconnectedness and change over time. Check your review sheet and ensure familiarity with key concepts.