Computer Basics Course Notes

Course Overview

• Designed for beginners and those with some knowledge to fill gaps.
• Developed by gcfglobal.org.
• Topics can be navigated using time codes in the video description.

What is a Computer?

• Definition: An electronic device that manipulates information or data.
• Data Representation: Uses ones and zeros to create complex outputs (movies, websites, games).

Components of a Computer

Hardware

• Physical parts of a computer, including:
  • Internal components (e.g., motherboard, CPU)
  • External parts (e.g., monitor, keyboard).

Software

• Set of instructions for hardware (e.g., web browsers, media players).

Types of Computers

• Personal Computers (PCs): Desktops & Laptops
  • Commonly use Windows OS.
  • Mac computers use macOS.
  • Chromebooks run on Chrome OS.
• Mobile Devices: Smartphones and tablets (iOS, Android).
• Servers: Deliver web pages and store/share files in networks.

Common Buttons and Ports

• Power Button: Location varies.
• USB Ports: For connecting devices (keyboards, printers).
• HDMI/Display Ports: For connecting monitors.
• Ethernet Port: For wired internet connection.
• Audio Jack: For headphones/speakers.
• Disk Drive: For CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays (depends on age and model).

Basic Components Inside a Computer

• Motherboard: Main circuit board with CPU and RAM.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer.
• RAM (Random Access Memory): Short-term memory for calculations.
• Hard Drive: Long-term storage (HDDs vs. SSDs).
• Power Supply Unit: Converts wall outlet power for components.

Laptops vs. Desktops

Differences

• Portability: Laptops are lightweight and have built-in components.
• Screen Size: Desktops often have larger monitors.
• Input Devices: Laptops use a touchpad; desktops use a mouse.
• Customizability: Desktops allow for more component mixing.

Operating Systems (OS)

• Definition: Software that allows interaction with hardware.
• Common OS: Windows, macOS, iOS, Android.
• Compatibility: Some applications may not work across all operating systems.

Applications (Apps)

• Definition: Software programs for tasks and leisure.
• Examples: Google Maps, Microsoft Word, web browsers.

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

1. Unpack and Arrange workspace.
2. Connect Monitor using the correct cable.
3. Plug in Keyboard and Mouse (wired or wireless).
4. Hook Up Speakers/Headphones.
5. Connect Power Supply and switch on.

Internet Connections

Types

• Dial-up: Slow, uses phone line.
• DSL and Cable: Faster broadband options.
• Fiber: Fastest, but not always available.
• Cellular: Mobile internet options (4G, LTE, 5G).

Setting up Wireless Network

• Requires a router to connect multiple devices.
• Set up involves choosing a network name (SSID) and strong password.

Cloud Storage

• Definition: Storing files on internet servers.
• Services like Google Photos and Dropbox allow access from multiple devices.
• Protects files from local device issues.

Computer Maintenance

Cleaning

• Turn off/unplug before cleaning.
• Use compressed air for keyboards and mice.
• Clean monitors with a damp cloth (no direct liquid).

Protecting from Malware

• Use antivirus software (e.g., Norton, Kaspersky).
• Regular updates of OS and antivirus programs.
• Backup files regularly (external drive or cloud service).

Ergonomics

• Arrange workspace to avoid discomfort.
• Maintain proper keyboard/mouse height.
• Take breaks to prevent eye strain and fatigue.

Internet Safety

• Be cautious with emails; avoid phishing scams.
• Check for secure connections (padlock in address bar).
• Keep browser updated for security.

Browsing Basics

• Different web browsers (Chrome, Safari, Firefox).
• Using the address bar and navigating pages.
• Bookmarking & accessing history.