Cell Theory and Its Parts

Good afternoon everyone. Good afternoon, Tutor Eric. Good afternoon po, Ma'am Wendy. Yes, welcome po sa ating e2ly online tutorial for General Biology 1. Tutor Eric, kamusta po ang hapon ninyo? Ayan, okay naman, Ma'am Wendy. Kagaling ko lang po sa class this afternoon. Always tayong ready para sa ating mga students. Ayan, go pa rin po tayo dito sa ating Itolay session this afternoon. Yes, tama nga po Sir Eric. Kasi diba, ngayon ay first day din ang pagbubukas ng klase sa mga public schools. Kaya i-welcome din natin yung ating mga students sa first day of classes. So si Sir Eric, alam ko kanina may online class siya. Ayan. Yes po, ma'am Wendy. Ayan, good afternoon sa inyong lahat. Good afternoon, everyone. I am Tutor Eric and I am saying that learning biology is fun and terrific. And I am Tutor Wendy and I believe general biology will come in handy. And together, let us explore life's mystery here at E2Life for General Biology 1. Okay, so for Quarter 1, Week 1, our topic in General Biology 1 is the Cell Theory and the Parts of the Cell. Okay, so again, ako po ang inyong Tutor Wendy, kasama ko po si Tutor Eric, at kami ang inyong magiging guide sa General Biology. Every Monday po yan from 4.40 to 5.20. So, bago po tayo magsimula ng ating tutorial, Check muna natin kung ready na tayo. So, ready your pens and papers so you can jot down notes. Listen, learn, and participate. So, gamitin naman po natin yung ating mga reaction buttons. So, like and heart. And share na rin po natin itong ating session. And pwede nyo pong gamitin ang mga comment box natin. to participate in our activities, at kung gusto ninyo na ma-shout out namin kayo. And then, lastly, respect one another. So sabi nga, since simula ito ng ating linggo, simula natin siya with positive vibes. Now, Tutor Eric, ano ba ang ating mga learning competencies para sa linggong ito? Ayan, para sa ating learning competencies for General Biology 1 Week 1, At the end ng ating tutorial, dapat kayong mga learners, you should be able to explain the postulates of the cell theory and you should be able to describe the structure and function of the major and subcellular organelles of the cell. Okay, so magsimula tayo with an activity. Para naman magising ang ating mga brain cells, at saka syempre... Review na rin natin ito kung ano yung mga dati pa nating natutunan sa cell, about the cell. Kasi na-discuss na rin naman sa atin yan during our junior high school. So, in our activity, we are going to recreate the cell discovery timeline. So, ang gagawin nyo lang dito ay you will have to complete statements by filling in the missing terminologies. Now, remember, itong mga statements na ito, these are... historical events na nag-led sa discovery ng ating sales. So, ready na kaya ang ating mga viewers? So, bago tayo magsimula, ayan, nakikita ko ang dami nating viewers. Hi po kay Ma'am Rebecca Ortiz. Ma'am ba siya? Or sorry, baka po siya student. Okay, Shalyn Barotas. At kay Ma'am Unika Iha. Hello po, yan ay aking co-teacher sa Tansa National Trade School, Annex. So, ready na po ba ang lahat? Sir Eric, ready ka na ba sa akin? Ayan. Yes po, Ma'am Wendy. At siyempre po, good afternoon din po kay Ma'am Janet at kay Ma'am Antoinette. Ayan po, at naka-hiser tayo. Good afternoon po sa inyo. Mapagpalang hapon. Yes po, salit po kayo ha. Salit kayong activity. Okay, so start na po tayo sa ating activity. Our first historical event occurred in the 1590s. So Zacharias Jansen, a Dutch eyeglass maker, invented the very first... Blank. So for our clue, it is an instrument used to magnify small objects. So ano po kaya ito? Comment your answers po. Comment your answers. Ayan, wapong ay may liya. Let us comment your answers. Shout out to Teo, kay Antoinette, watching from Malabon City. So wala pa po akong nakikitang comment. Ano po kaya ang... Answer natin dito sa ating unang statement. So, proceed tayo. Bigay din ako na isang clue, ma'am. Kasi diba ito ay napag-aralan itong laboratory instrument na ito noong grade 7. Merong particular topic ito of the same quarter. Ano kaya ito? Ayan, at meron na akong nakitang sagot. At ang unang sagot ay si Shalene. Ayan, ang sagot niya ay microscope. Pati si Antoinette is microscope. din ang sagot. So, ang gagaling naman ng ating mga viewers ngayon. So, the answer is microscope. Now, for the second event, this one occurred in 1665. Now, while looking at the piece of pork under the microscope, Robert Hooke saw box-shaped structures that he called blank. So, it is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. So, ano po kaya ang sagot dyan? So type your answers in our comment box. Ayan, comment lang kayo kung ano ang na-discover na ito ni Robert Hook. Ayan, ma'am, may mga sumasagot pa rin po tayo ng virus po. Wala doon sa ating first question. Sige po kahit po na kahit po na lagpasa na natin yung question, sagot lang po kayo. Ayan, mayroon na po. Sumagot. Si Antoinette ulit ang nakita ko sumagot at ang answer niya ay ang cell. Meron din po akong nakitang nag-answer po dito ng cork. Pero ang cork po ay yun yung specimen na kung saan kinuha ni Robert Hook yung tinitignan niya under the microscope. Ayan, at ang sagot po ng ating mga learners ay cell. Yan, ang gagaling talaga. Kasi nga napag-aralan na natin ito dati. Kaya alam na alam yan ang ating mga viewers today. Okay, so proceed tayo. In 1674, Blanc, while looking at pond water under the microscope, observed what he called animal cues. Ang clue natin para sa person na ito, he is known as the father of microbiology. Ayan. Ayan. Ganda yung clue natin. Scientists ang hinahanap natin ngayon. So pag sinabing father of microbiology, sino kaya yan? Bilisan natin mga keyboard warriors, type lang tayo ng ating mga answers. So kanina sir, sumagot din si Danver, si Almary, hello po, si Corinne. Ayan, ang gagaling. So sell daw ang kanilang sagot kanina. Sagot kanina. So viewers natin, sumagot din pa. And pati si Corinne ay yes. Ayan, sir. Meron na. Nakita ko na ang sumagot si Brian. Ayan. Ang sagot ni Brian ay si Anton Van Luwenhoek. And same with Mark Allen and Elena Andrew. Anton Van Luwenhoek ang kanilang sagot. So that is correct. Thank you very much. So we have Anton Van Luwenhoek. So medyo natagal na siguro sila mag-type, sir. Di ba kasi ang haba-haba naman ang pangalan ng ating scientist na ito? So, nakita mo itong mga animal cues na ito, gamit din yung sarili niyang gawang microscope. So, let's proceed to the next. So, 1838, Matthias Schleden, a German botanist, stated that blanks are made up of cells. So, for our clue, what do botanists study? Napakadali nito, di ba? Ano ang pinag-aaralan ng mga botanists? Ano ang sinilip ni Schleden? under the microscope at nakakita daw siya ng cells. Ayan, ano mga ba ang pinag-aaralan ng mga botanist? Siyempre hindi ito bota, diba? So, botany is a branch of biology. Biology at ang pinag-aaralan doon, ang sabi ni Corrine, ay plants. Sabi din si Jay at ni Drew ay plants. Okay, very good talaga ang ating mga students. Okay, so... Kasabay ng, almost kasabay, magkasabay halos itong discoveries na to. 1839 naman, we have Theodor Schwann, a German fishologist. He concluded that blanks are also made up of cells. So examples of this includes mammals, birds, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and insects. So halos magkapanabayan itong dalawang scientist. Actually, sabay talaga sila. But they were studying. Different organisms. So, dito naman, ano kaya? Okay, so nakita ko, ang kauna-una ang sumagot ay si CJ Custodio. At ang kanyang sagot ay... Animals. So, very good. So, very good guys. Siko rin din. Siko rin laging tama. Very good talaga. Animals. Laging tama. And then, last one. Last significant event, 1855. We have Rudolf Virchow. He stated that cells come from pre-existing cells through blanks. So, this is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Okay. So, anong process? So napaka-groundbreaking din itong ginawa ni Virchon na ito eh. Yung sabi niya, cells come from pre-existing cells. Mamaya malalaman natin kung bakit na ito groundbreaking. Meron na ba tayong sagot? So far, ma'am, sumasagot pa rin po ay animals. Meron na pong sumagot at ang sabi ni CJ ay cell division. Yes, cell division. po ang ating answer. Correct. Okay? So, ang gagaling naman po ng ating mga viewers, napakasarap mag-tutorial kapag ganito yung tinuturuan mo. Napakagaling nila. Napakahuhusay. So, let us not forget the works of these scientists, si Johnson, si Hook, si Liu Wenhook, Xuan, Schladen, and Virchow. Napaka-historical, napaka-significant na mga discoveries nila. Kasi sila ang nag-lay down ng foundation sa isa sa mga fundamental Tal? Isa sa mga pinaka-importante theory sa biology, ang cell theory. So this is our main topic, one of our main topics for today. So the cell theory was first proposed in the mid-19th century. So it was made of three postulates. First postulate states that all living things are made up of cells. So this is from the observation of Schladen and Schwann. Diba kanina nga dun sa ating review, sabi sila yung nagsabi na plants and animals are made up of cells. So during those time, hindi pa namang kumpleto yung mga pag-aaral about all the living organisms. So most of the time, associated lang ang living things either as plant and So since nakita nga nila na cells ang plants and then cells ang animals, so they concluded that all living things are made up of cells. And also based from this observation, nabuo naman yung ating second postulate. So the second postulate states that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism. So diba Tutor Eric lagi sinasabi, The building block of life. Building block of life daw ang cells. At saka yung mga biological process nangyayari in the cellular level. Hello, good afternoon, Tutor Wendy. Hi! Hello, Tutor Tomo. I'm in. Nakakapos ko lang po sa Earth and Life Science. So, good afternoon po. Good afternoon, Tutor T. So, good afternoon po sa inyong lahat. Mabilis na pagbati lang po. I'm Sir Tony from SDO Calcium City, the program head of Senior High School Science Department. Hello Sir Tony. Discuss na po si Tutor Wendy at Tutor Eric. Hindi ko na po kayo na welcome naman. Pasensya na po. Okay lang sir. Ano pa ngayon eh? Ang tawag niya na lagari. Thank you sir. Pumasok pa rin dito para support naman kami ni Tutor Eric. Okay po. And I think very active ang ating mga participant as early as now, ma'am. Ay, grabe, sir. Napakadali mag-tutor kapag ganito ang mga estudyante mo. Punong-puno, tamang-tama sa subject natin, biology, the study of life. Punong-puno sila ng buhay this afternoon. Yes po. Meron tayo. Andami nating viewers, sir, from Davao. Yan, yes po. Lagi po yung suke. Lagi nakasuporta po yung sa mga programang ng DepEd EdTech Unit. So maraming maraming salamat po. Hello po sa inyong lahat. So tuloy na po tayo, Tutor Tony. Yes, let's proceed po. What is the third? So the third postulate, cells come from pre-existing cells. So sabi nga natin, ang nagbigay ng postulate na to is Rudolf Virchow. Meron siyang famous saying, omniscella e cellula. This is Latin. Ang literal translation niya is cells come from cells. So sabi ko kanina, groundbreaking itong kanyang postulate. Kasi Tutor Tony, Dati merong popular belief na ang life daw pwedeng manggaling from non-life. Non-living, oo. Non-living. Now, nung binigay ito ni Rudolf Virchow, nagbago ngayon yung paniniwala ng mga tao nung panahon na yun. Okay? So, ngayon po, as technology develops, yes, nagde-develop na siya, nagkakaroon na ng mga magagandang gamit ang ating mga scientist, lalong naging deeper. Especially the development of microscope, ma'am, no? Yes, oo. Alam niyo, sir, yung microscope, trending talaga sa kanila yan noon, eh. Gustong gusto nila yung microscope. Opo, yung focus nila sa discovery in terms of the, Kasi nag-curious sila sa... microorganisms and in particular yung composition ng mga cells po. Ayan. So, we have a modern version, sir, because of the new discoveries of our scientists. Nag-level up, ma'am. The modern cell theory. Parang itulay lang, ma'am. Nag-level up. Season 2. Season 2 na ito ng cell theory, diba, sir? So, yung modern cell theory, naandun pa rin yung mga yung tatlong na unang postulates ni Schwanz, Sladen, and Virtue. Nadagdagan lang po siya ng tatlo. Okay? Parang inano lang nila. Nire-interpret. Okay? So, the fourth postulate states that cells carry genetic material which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. So, yan po yung ating DNA from the parent cell that is passed on to the daughter cells. And now, the fifth is all cells are basically the same in structure and chemical composition. And this holds true kapag daw po ang mga organisms ay nagbibilong sa same species. And then, the last one, energy flow in the form of biochemical processes occurs within the cells. So, ang example po ng ating mga biochemical processes, we have metabolism, we have photosynthesis, and we have cellular respiration. So, iyan na po lahat yung ating six postulates. From the original tree, nadagdagan pa siya ng bago na tatlo pa. So that is our cell theory. Now, Dr. Tony, moving on. Yes po. Yes, tignan naman natin. We are now ready to examine and investigate the different cell structures. So kung sa mga senior high school natin, I think na-aral nyo to during your grade 7 and grade 8, diba? You were able to study. The different organelles or structures of the cell. So babalikan lang natin and of course, ibibipin natin yung understanding nila, Tutor Wendy, right? Yes, yes, Tutor Tony. So on the left, you have an illustration of the animal cell and on the right, you have the plant cell. So mapapansin nyo sa loob, there are other structures and it is called, sabi nga kanina ni Tutor Tony, these are organelles. Ang literal meaning ng organelles ay little organs. organs. So, these are specialized structures found within the cell. They have specific functions. And kapag hindi sila nag-function because it is vital to cellular life, maaring mamatay yung ating cell. So, Tutor Tony, titignan natin yan mga bawat organel lang isa-isa. So, titignan natin sila lahat and we are going to start from the outside. So, when you say from the outside, ano ba ang una natin iisipin? Of course, it is the Ayan. The cell membrane or the plasma membrane. Yes. So we have our first organelle which is the cell membrane. So the cell membrane is a thin double layer of protein and fat. So ang kanyang main component is phospholipid, proteins, and cholesterol. So ano kaya ang functions ng ating cell membrane? Since siya yung pinaka-outermost, I think ano kaya ginagawa niya? So, it separates the inner contents of the cell, of course, with its environment. Yes. So, sir, it acts as a barrier, no? Pangharang siya and protection na rin siya ng ating cell. Kaya nga nagiging distinct cell din siya, di ba, sir? Kasi meron siyang cell membrane. Okay? And then, it also regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell. So, siya po yung nag-de-decide kung ano ba yung mga materials that can enter. Or K2. Relate natin lang sa face-to-face classes. Kapag pumapasok yung mga studyante natin, sino bang yung nakikita sa school? Siyempre, ang mga security guards natin. So hello, kaway-kaway po tayo sa ating mga magigiting na security personnel, hindi lamang sa ating mga schools, of course, sa different establishments, ma'am Wendy. Yes, alam mo nga, sir. mas famous pa sa atin si Manong Gard diba sa totoo lang? Yes, kilala. Kailala si Manong Gard. Sa cell, ang manong guard natin ay si cell membrane. Agad-set ng mga papasok at lalabas. At sir, nagagawa niya yan because it has a unique characteristic. Ang tawag dun ay semi-permeability. So after cell membrane, what else do we have, ma'am? Okay, so cell membrane found in both animal and plant cells. Yes, next we have the cell wall. So, the cell wall is a rigid membrane surrounding plant cells made up mostly of cellulose. So, ano kaya ang function niya? Tutor Tony! Yes, so it is a rigid membrane. It gives the cell, especially the plant cells, the protection, the support, and structure. So, kung baga ang mga plantitos at plantitas natin, malulungkot kapag may nangyari sa ating cell wall. Yes, sir. Kasi nga sabi, rigid, no? It maintains the plants, it makes the plants stiff and upright. Kaya nakatayo yung mga halaman natin, diba, Sir Tony? Dahil sa cell wall, kahit malambot yung stem niya, makikita nyo nakatindig pa rin yung halaman, diba, no, sir? Right. So, it is only found in? Plant cell. Plant cell. So, additional protection siya, sir, aside from the cell? Membrane. Membrane. So may cell membrane na, may cell wall pa as additional protection and support. What's next, Ma'am Wendy? Yes po. Ay. Sorry po. Moving on. Moving on tayo, sir. Sige, ma'am. We have the nucleus. Alright. The nucleus. A membrane-bound spherical body discovered by Robert Brown in 1831. One. Okay. Yes. So ito. familiar na familiar din yung ating mga students dito, lalo na yung ating mga G11. Kasi G10, pinag-aaralan nila yung nucleus na yan eh. Dahil sa central dogma. Yes, replication, transcription, transcription, and translation. And the nucleus functions as the storage of our DNA or the deoxyribonucleic acid. Very important, of course. para sa reproduction ng mga living organisms at saka sa identity. Kasi dyan naka-embed ang unique characteristics ng bawat organisms. Nandiyan lahat ng hereditary information natin, sir. Nandiyan lahat ng hereditary information. It also controls and regulates different cell activities. Kumagal siya yung pinaka the brain. It controls and regulates everything that happens in the cell. And finally, it controls the synthesis or yung production ng ating mga ribosomes na very important sa paggawa naman ng ating mga protein molecules. Yes, sir Tony. Or nucleus. So, speaking of ribosomes, sir Tony. Yes, po. May nakita pa silang isang organelle inside mismo ng nucleus. And that is our nucleolus. So, very related ito sa ating ribosome. kasi nga siya ang in-charge sa production ng ribosome. So, it assembles the ribosomes from proteins and ribosomal RNA. Okay? So, both the nucleus and the nucleolus is found in animal cells and plant cells. Yes. Now, si ribosome, Tutor Tony, pagkatapos niyang ma-assemble sa ating nucleolus, lalabas na yan na ang... nucleus and pupunta siya sa cytoplasm where it can perform its function. Function. Ayan na, si ribosome. Yes. So, ang description sa kanya, Tutor Tony? It is a large complex of protein and RNA, of course, and it functions, ma'am. So, the function is site of protein synthesis. So, pag sinabi niyong complex, ibig sabihin, different structures joined together. Kaya pag tinignan niyo yung... ating illustration. It has a large subunit attached to a smaller subunit. Alam mo ba, Tutor Tony, medyo ano tong si ribosome, maraming balibalita sa kanya kasi yung iba hindi daw siya organelle. Other scientists consider it as an organelle while others A structure or a special kind of structure. Kasi wala daw siyang membrane. Ang sabi, pag daw organelle, dapat membrane-bound, tutor Tony. Pero sabi naman yung iba, napaka-importante kasi ng role na ginagawa niya bilang site of protein synthesis. Kaya dapat i-consider natin siya as an organelle. Kaya tinaman natin siya yung ribosome. So, ito yung ating role ng ribosome. sa protein synthesis. So, dinidecode niya yung information from the messenger RNA. Yes, dinadirect niya yung assembly ng proteins from the amino acids. So, ang ating animal, present animal. They're very small but they perform a very essential function sa cell natin, ma'am Wendy, diba? Yes. Oo, kaya nga, Tutor Tony, sabi ng iba, organelle siya dahil siya ay mahalaga. Yes. Yes. So, our next organelle na tayo, Tutor Tony. We have the mitochondria. Tutor Tony, tignan mo nga ano. Ano ito ba niya? Parang siyang beans or sausage. Nakakagutom. Yes, nagutom na, no? Dahil sa lagarin ngayon si Tutor Tony. Ang nakita niya ay beans or sausage. So, tama naman. Pag nilidescribe nga siya, Tutor Tony, sabi, double membrane. rod shape or yung parang oval organelle. So, napakayutip po ni mitochondria. In fact, it has its own DNA. So, aside from the DNA na nasa loob ng nucleus, may sariling DNA si mitochondria. So, nakakagawa siya ng sarili niyang enzyme at nakakagawa rin siya ng sarili niyang protein. Yung mga kailangan niya ba, sir, sa kanyang function? On its own, oo, yes. And, of course, mahalagang function niya. It produces the chemical energy. So sa kanya lang naman nakasalalay, mamang enerhiya, diba? The energy that will sustain and power up every cell in our body or in every living organism. So once again, the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell because it produces the chemical energy needed to power the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate or the ATP. Yun. So that's your mitochondria found both in, of course, Animal cell at saka plant cell. So, sometimes, Tutor Tony, merong mga cells na napakarami lang mitochondria, lalo na yung mga very active. Yung mga very active yung kailangan ng maraming energy. So, when you think of active cells, ayan, mga muscle cells, kasi nag-contract, relax. Yes, Tutor Tony. Of course, yung kailangan kilala ng mga estudyante, yung napakalikot na cell, which is the? The? So, marami rin niyang mitochondria kasi kailangan niya ng maraming energy para makapag-travel siya. Although, para ma-meet niya ang kanyang Juliet, diba? So, si Romeo at si Juliet. Medyo malayo kasi yung kanyang destination, diba? Ang kanyang travel, ma'am, ay medyo mahaba-haba. Papunta sa kanyang Juliet ang egg cell. So, the sperm cell needs a good amount of mitochondria. Ayan, correct, sir. So, sir, tumitingin ako sa ating comment box. Mukhang isang section ang nanonood. Yes, isang buong section. Andromeda. Hello. South-south sa ating mga section Andromeda. Napaka-universal, napaka-galactic ng name ng section nyo. Ayan. Grade 12. Grade 12, no, sir. Grade 12. So, hello niya sa teacher. Baka nirequire sila ng kanilang teacher na manood sa atin. Yes, thank you very much. Taut-taut na yung teacher ninyo later para ma-acknowledge natin. Let's proceed now with the next organ. Okay, so we have the endoplasmic reticulum. ER na lang yan for short kasi ang haba-haba lagi ng pangalan niya. So it is a series of interconnected membranous sacs and tubules. So mapapansin ninyo, connected po siya dun sa outer membrane ng ating nucleus. So this is the nucleus. Sana nakikita nyo yung aking ano, yung... purple and this is the ER. Now, there are two types. We have the rough ER and the smooth ER. Magkaiba po ang function ng dalawang yan. So, also found in both animal and plants. So, Tutor Tony, bakit kaya rough? Okay. Merong isang, ano nyo lang, kumbaga, importanteng structure na nakakabit. And as seen on your screen, it is bombarded. Yes, bombarded. May mga nakadikit dyan na Ribosomes. So, ribosomes attach to its surface. Kaya, pag tinignan nga siya sa under the microscope, parang may mga dots na structure. So that is your rough endoplasmic reticulum. And it functions in the modification of proteins synthesized by the ribosomes. And it also performs the making of phospholipids to be used by our cellular membranes. Yes, yung important component ating cell membrane. Kaya rin Tutor Tony may naka-attach sa kanyang ribosome. Kasi after gawin ng ribosome yung protein, Ita-transport naman sa kanya, ibabato sa kanya, and then imomodify niya or lalagyan niya ng iba pang molecule like your carbohydrates. So, yun ang function ng rough ER. Next, we have our smooth endoplasmic. Ina-take yung smooth. Oh, kini sa sana all, di ba? Sana all. Sana all smooth. Yes, because it has no attached ribosomes. Kaya smooth. Pero ano pa rin siya, kadugtong naman siya ng rough ER. Yes. So, hindi sila magkalayo. Kung baga, continuous complex po siya. Malalaman mo lang na nasa smooth ka na kapag wala ka na nakikita ang ribosomes. And dahil wala siyang ribosomes, hindi siya involved in any protein modification. Pero, Tutor Tony, marami siyang important functions. Okay. And isa-isahin natin, Tutor Wendy, no? First function niya ng smooth ER is the production of carbohydrates. Lipids and steroids. Very important din siya, no, pag-detox. Wow. Detoxification of drugs and toxins. Parang siya yung pinaka-liver ng cell na detoxify. And then finally, it serves as important storage ng mga calcium ions naman sa mga regulation ng mga pumps natin, diba, sa biological systems. Yes, okay. So, correct. So, ang dami din naman yung function, diba, sir? Kahit hindi siya involved sa protein modification. modification. That's right. So that's your rough and smooth ER. What's the next, ma'am? So the next is our Golgi body. So it is also called sometimes Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus. Okay, so... Nagugutom na naman ako. Para siyang pancake, ma'am. Pancake naman daw. Nagpatong-patong na pancake. Patong-patong na pancake. So membranous din siya. Marami siyang membranes. Mukha lang siyang patong-patong na pancake. But Actually, the teeth are sacks of membranes. So, ang kanyang function? Taga-sort, ayan. Taga-tag, taga-package. Parang sa factory, di ba yung mga workers, sila yung final na bago maging final product sa kamay nila dadaan. Or specifically sa mga machines, minsan kapag sobrang advanced na ng isang factory. So, they sort, they tag, they package and distribute. Distribute lipids and proteins. So, after packaging, distribute na, ready na. Ready for distribution, ready for use na. So, Tutor Tony, pwede yung i-distribute. Pwede kasing ginagamit lang sa loob ng cell yung mga materials. Or pwede din naman na i-transport siya outside of the cell. And trabaho siya ni Golgi. Golgi. Okay. So, steam. It is present sa animal at saka plant cells. Both animal and plant cells. Okay. Next. We have the lysosome. Ang dami no. Ang dami organizer. So the lysosome is a spherical body containing digestive enzymes. So siya yung parang nagsiserve na digestive structure sa ating cells. Because it digests cellular nutrients, it also breakdowns worn out or damaged organelles. Napaka-importante, parang taga-repair din, diba? And also it breaks down the worn out, damaged organelles. And it aids in a very important process called apoptosis. Or yung tinatawag natin ang program cell death sa mga cells. Yes. Kasi sir, Tony, kapag yung cell ay damaged na siya, hindi na siya talaga kayang i-repair, meron siyang katayuan na mag-self-destruct. Self-destruct, medyo ano nga eh, no? Misa natawag sa kanya ay suicide body, di ba no, sir? Yes, the suicide bags, the lysodome. Yes, kasi nga, kapag hindi na ma-repair yung cell, wala na talaga, it will self-destruct. With the aid of the... lysosome. Now, ang lysosome ay makikita lamang po sa animal cell. Wala siya sa plant cell. May iba siyang counterpart. And that is, ayan po. So, for the next organelle would be the chloroplast. Bilisan lang natin ng konti, ma'am Wendy. Yes, yes, tutor Tony. So, the chloroplast contains the pigment chlorophyll. It is the site of photosynthesis. So, important din yan, Peter Tony, kasi itong photosynthesis, this is the food-producing process sa ating plants. So, the chloroplast is only found in photosynthetic cells like your plant cells. Wala po ito sa ating animal cells. So, next, we have our vacuole. Yes, so the vacuole, a large space within the cell that is enclosed in a membrane and filled with fluid. Okay, so ang kanyang function is to maintain water balance, cell shape, and storage din po ng nutrients and waste products. Yes, so Tutor Tony, yung vacuole, pag nawala niya ng tubig sa loob, nagsishrink yung cell natin. Halimbawa sa mga plants, yan yung point na magiging lanta na yung ating halaman. Kaya magagalit na yung ating mga nanay na plantita kasi hindi natin giligan. Okay, and then we have the last one. Finally, the cytoskeleton. The last structure, we have the cytoskeleton. So, these are the... Skeleton, diba? Skeleton, yes. Parang framework. Backbone of our cells. Provides shape and structure. It allows movement. And of course, it involves in the formation of the spindle fibers, diba? Or the spindle apparatus during kapag nagkakaroon tayo ng cell division. Kapag kailangan na mag-divide ng ating mga cells. And those are the organelles, ma'am Wendy. Yes. So, Tutor Tony, tingnan natin kung nakikinig ang ating mga viewers. Yes. Let's proceed with our activity. Apply natin sa ating learning task. So, ang gagawin lang ng ating mga tutis. I-identify yung structure or yung organelle. Ibibigay natin yung mga alias or nicknames nila. Kung nakikinig kasi kanina, inano naman natin siya eh, diba? Binibigay din, nabibigay din yung iba. So, ready na sana yung ating mga viewers? Type in your answers sa ating comment box. So, ready na kaya sila, Tutor Tony? I think they're very much ready. Let's just make this quick lang lang. The first organelle is known as the brain of the field. So, reminder sa ating mga... Senior high school learners, to type in the item number, kunyari number 1, tapos ano yung sagot ninyo? So number 1 is say for example, 1, ribosome. So bigyan natin silang sample, ma'am. So number 1, the answer is support. Number 1 is? Our brain is the nucleus. Naganggit nga yung kanina ni Peter Tony, okay? For number 2, ano kaya yung tinatakot? Subway? Subway system. So parang siyang interconnected body na nakasurround o malapit sa nucleus natin kanina. Okay, so ano kaya ito? So, we have the endoplasmic reticulum. So, pwede kumabu lang sagot ha, our senior high school learner. Yes, okay. So, pwede kumabu lang sagot. So, pwede kumabu lang sagot. Third item, ma'am? Third item, the garbage collector, taga-kuha ng basura. Ayan. So, tama si Edelme Palma. Number two, endoplasmic reticulum. Yes, okay. Here, Cantero, you're also correct. Number one is nucleus. Ayan, ayan ang magkakaramdam na yung mga answers. O yan ang nga, ngayon kung magandit natin yung answers, medyo tight-tight. We have number 3. We have that. Yung mga inside bags natin. Ayan, our garbage collector. Nag-a-collect ng kukura. And then number 4. Ito, ito, diba? Kinabag-in-concern. Nabanggit ko si Manong kanina. Kaya i-reveal na natin, no? Kasi nabanggit natin kanina yan. Si Manong Guard. I see. Cell membrane. Cell membrane. Okay, number 5. We have the protein. Nagagawa ng mga proteins natin. Siyempre, yan ang ating ribosome. Number six is, of course, powerhouse, the energy provider ng ating cell. Ayan. Okay, we have that. Oo nga, bilisan niya. Good job, good job. Number six is mitochondria. Number seven is The mailman. The mailman. Sino kayo yung taga-mailman? Serves as a mailman. Nag-deliver yun. Nag-deliver. Sir, nag-deliver. That is your? Okay, we have, ha? Boji. Boji. All right. Tags, he sorts, he delivers. And then last one, cafeteria. So, pag sinabing cafeteria, pag sinabing canteen, ang unang pumapasok sa isip natin, syempre, ay pagkain. So, pagkain daw, food. Nakaka-miss yan, ma'am, sa face-to-face, no? Lahat ng favorite place. The cafeteria. Di lang sa diyan, pati teacher. Kaya nga, sir. The cafeteria of the cell, specifically the plant cell, of course, are the chloroplast. Because they contain the chlorophyll. Now, sir, ito, common itong pinapagawa ng mga teachers, di ba, yung cell model projects natin. So, listen up. Oo, marami na mga ideas. Sa ating mga STEM learners, or hindi man siguro may project kayo before na cell model using pwedeng food, pwedeng recycled materials, baka may naitago kayong photo. You can share that to us, sa ating mga tutors, kay Tutor Wendy, kay Tutor Eric, siya ka sa akin. So, i-email nyo lang yan or i-post nyo yan sa amin or message nyo sa amin via Facebook Messenger. So, i-flex. Sir, pakita ko ha dito. Ayan, ma'am. I-flex nyo. I-flex natin ang inyong mga cell model or yung parang pinaka ano po. Yung kanilang mga projects, sir, na cell model. Yes, mga projects. Isend nyo sa amin ha, and then if i-feature namin siya sa mga susunod naming section at saka sa mga social media pages. At saka Tutor Tony, di ba, pumipili din naman tayo ng ating mga students or tutis of the week. Baka may mag-send nyo na kanilang magandang project, no? I-feature namin sila as student of the week. So aasahan namin yun ha, naka-flash niya kung saan mo pwedeng isend ang inyong mga... Outputs at saka photos. Ayan. Tutor Tony, nandyan po ba si atin? si Tutor Eric para sa atin. Are you still there? Tutor Eric, for our final quiz. Ayan, nandito na po ako, Sir Tony and Ma'am Wendy. Ayan, signan natin ang atin. Okay, so number one. Okay po. So number one, which of the following statements is true in the conformity with the tenets of the cell theory? Is it A, cell cellize spontaneously through a process called the biogenesis? B, the cell wall can be found in all living cells. Or letter C, the cell is the basic unit of life. Alin kaya dyan ang nagpa-follow ng tenets ng cell theory? Of course, ang ating answers dito would be letter... It will be letter C. The cell is the basic unit of life. Letter A is not the possible answer because a biogenesis is also known as spontaneous generation. Ang life ay maaaring mag-arise from non-living things. At ang cell wall naman ay nakikita lamang sa ating plant cells and some bacterium. At ang ating mga participants ay tama. All of them answered C. Question number two. Question number two. According to the cell theory, all living things are made up of cell. This tenet is a product of the work and research of which two scientists? Sino kaya ito? Is it A. Hoek and Lewin Hoek? B. Schwan and Schleiden. Letter C. Schwan and Virtue. Or letter D. Schleiden and Virtue. So sino kaya? Siyempre, ang ating answer ay letter. Sa plants at sa animals. So letter? Plants at animals. Letter B. It's Theodore Schwan and Mathias Schleiden. Schleiden. Okay, dito naman sa ating number 3. Rudolph Virchow's observation was instrumental in disproving which widely accepted belief during his time. Is it letter A, atomic model? B, evolution? C, gravity? D, spontaneous generation? Parang namanggit ko na ang answer dito kanina. Yes, and the answer is? And the answer is letter D. Spontaneous generation or also known as abiogenesis. I'll search ako, te. And number four, organelles can be found in the blank of the cell. A. Cytoplasm, B. Mitochondria, C. Nucleus, or D. Ribosome. Saan kaya nakasuspend ang ating organelles? And our answer is cytoplasms. Organelles are membrane-bound structures that are suspended in the cytoplasm of the cell. And finally, number five. Finally, number 5. Which of the following organelles is not found in a plant cell? Is it letter A, cell wall? B, lysosome? C, nucleus? And letter D, vacuole? Which one is not found? Letter? That's letter B, lysosome. At ang nagkakompensate sa kawalan ng lysosome ng plant cell ay letter D, yung vacuole. By picking up yung ating mga toxic materials. Ayan, okay. Ayan, at syempre magtapos ngayon. Ayan, let us read the word from Holy Golaiti. Ito siya ay isang character sa isang lumang movie. So ang sabi niya, any work I do I think is important. Like acting, there are no small parts, only small actors. Parang dito sa ating mga cell organelles, kahit iba-iba sila, taliit sila. Meron silang mga functions na kine-carry out para magpag-function ng buo ang ating cell. And likewise, parang tayo sa ating mga pamilya, meron tayong iba't ibang role sa ating bahay. And minsan, ang role natin ay tagahugas ng pinggan sa ating bahay or tagatapon ng basura. Minsan, parang lysosome tayo, no? Okay lang yan because it contributes doon sa ating pagpapunction ng ating tahanan.

Good afternoon everyone. Good afternoon, Tutor Eric. Good afternoon po, Ma'am Wendy.

Yes, welcome po sa ating e2ly online tutorial for General Biology 1. Tutor Eric, kamusta po ang hapon ninyo? Ayan, okay naman, Ma'am Wendy. Kagaling ko lang po sa class this afternoon. Always tayong ready para sa ating mga students.

Ayan, go pa rin po tayo dito sa ating Itolay session this afternoon. Yes, tama nga po Sir Eric. Kasi diba, ngayon ay first day din ang pagbubukas ng klase sa mga public schools.

Kaya i-welcome din natin yung ating mga students sa first day of classes. So si Sir Eric, alam ko kanina may online class siya. Ayan.

Yes po, ma'am Wendy. Ayan, good afternoon sa inyong lahat. Good afternoon, everyone. I am Tutor Eric and I am saying that learning biology is fun and terrific.

And I am Tutor Wendy and I believe general biology will come in handy. And together, let us explore life's mystery here at E2Life for General Biology 1. Okay, so for Quarter 1, Week 1, our topic in General Biology 1 is the Cell Theory and the Parts of the Cell. Okay, so again, ako po ang inyong Tutor Wendy, kasama ko po si Tutor Eric, at kami ang inyong magiging guide sa General Biology.

Every Monday po yan from 4.40 to 5.20. So, bago po tayo magsimula ng ating tutorial, Check muna natin kung ready na tayo. So, ready your pens and papers so you can jot down notes.

Listen, learn, and participate. So, gamitin naman po natin yung ating mga reaction buttons. So, like and heart. And share na rin po natin itong ating session. And pwede nyo pong gamitin ang mga comment box natin.

to participate in our activities, at kung gusto ninyo na ma-shout out namin kayo. And then, lastly, respect one another. So sabi nga, since simula ito ng ating linggo, simula natin siya with positive vibes. Now, Tutor Eric, ano ba ang ating mga learning competencies para sa linggong ito? Ayan, para sa ating learning competencies for General Biology 1 Week 1, At the end ng ating tutorial, dapat kayong mga learners, you should be able to explain the postulates of the cell theory and you should be able to describe the structure and function of the major and subcellular organelles of the cell.

Okay, so magsimula tayo with an activity. Para naman magising ang ating mga brain cells, at saka syempre... Review na rin natin ito kung ano yung mga dati pa nating natutunan sa cell, about the cell. Kasi na-discuss na rin naman sa atin yan during our junior high school. So, in our activity, we are going to recreate the cell discovery timeline.

So, ang gagawin nyo lang dito ay you will have to complete statements by filling in the missing terminologies. Now, remember, itong mga statements na ito, these are... historical events na nag-led sa discovery ng ating sales. So, ready na kaya ang ating mga viewers?

So, bago tayo magsimula, ayan, nakikita ko ang dami nating viewers. Hi po kay Ma'am Rebecca Ortiz. Ma'am ba siya?

Or sorry, baka po siya student. Okay, Shalyn Barotas. At kay Ma'am Unika Iha.

Hello po, yan ay aking co-teacher sa Tansa National Trade School, Annex. So, ready na po ba ang lahat? Sir Eric, ready ka na ba sa akin?

Ayan. Yes po, Ma'am Wendy. At siyempre po, good afternoon din po kay Ma'am Janet at kay Ma'am Antoinette. Ayan po, at naka-hiser tayo.

Good afternoon po sa inyo. Mapagpalang hapon. Yes po, salit po kayo ha.

Salit kayong activity. Okay, so start na po tayo sa ating activity. Our first historical event occurred in the 1590s.

So Zacharias Jansen, a Dutch eyeglass maker, invented the very first... Blank. So for our clue, it is an instrument used to magnify small objects. So ano po kaya ito?

Comment your answers po. Comment your answers. Ayan, wapong ay may liya. Let us comment your answers.

Shout out to Teo, kay Antoinette, watching from Malabon City. So wala pa po akong nakikitang comment. Ano po kaya ang...

Answer natin dito sa ating unang statement. So, proceed tayo. Bigay din ako na isang clue, ma'am.

Kasi diba ito ay napag-aralan itong laboratory instrument na ito noong grade 7. Merong particular topic ito of the same quarter. Ano kaya ito? Ayan, at meron na akong nakitang sagot.

At ang unang sagot ay si Shalene. Ayan, ang sagot niya ay microscope. Pati si Antoinette is microscope. din ang sagot. So, ang gagaling naman ng ating mga viewers ngayon.

So, the answer is microscope. Now, for the second event, this one occurred in 1665. Now, while looking at the piece of pork under the microscope, Robert Hooke saw box-shaped structures that he called blank. So, it is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. So, ano po kaya ang sagot dyan?

So type your answers in our comment box. Ayan, comment lang kayo kung ano ang na-discover na ito ni Robert Hook. Ayan, ma'am, may mga sumasagot pa rin po tayo ng virus po.

Wala doon sa ating first question. Sige po kahit po na kahit po na lagpasa na natin yung question, sagot lang po kayo. Ayan, mayroon na po. Sumagot.

Si Antoinette ulit ang nakita ko sumagot at ang answer niya ay ang cell. Meron din po akong nakitang nag-answer po dito ng cork. Pero ang cork po ay yun yung specimen na kung saan kinuha ni Robert Hook yung tinitignan niya under the microscope. Ayan, at ang sagot po ng ating mga learners ay cell. Yan, ang gagaling talaga.

Kasi nga napag-aralan na natin ito dati. Kaya alam na alam yan ang ating mga viewers today. Okay, so proceed tayo.

In 1674, Blanc, while looking at pond water under the microscope, observed what he called animal cues. Ang clue natin para sa person na ito, he is known as the father of microbiology. Ayan.

Ayan. Ganda yung clue natin. Scientists ang hinahanap natin ngayon.

So pag sinabing father of microbiology, sino kaya yan? Bilisan natin mga keyboard warriors, type lang tayo ng ating mga answers. So kanina sir, sumagot din si Danver, si Almary, hello po, si Corinne. Ayan, ang gagaling.

So sell daw ang kanilang sagot kanina. Sagot kanina. So viewers natin, sumagot din pa.

And pati si Corinne ay yes. Ayan, sir. Meron na.

Nakita ko na ang sumagot si Brian. Ayan. Ang sagot ni Brian ay si Anton Van Luwenhoek.

And same with Mark Allen and Elena Andrew. Anton Van Luwenhoek ang kanilang sagot. So that is correct. Thank you very much. So we have Anton Van Luwenhoek.

So medyo natagal na siguro sila mag-type, sir. Di ba kasi ang haba-haba naman ang pangalan ng ating scientist na ito? So, nakita mo itong mga animal cues na ito, gamit din yung sarili niyang gawang microscope.

So, let's proceed to the next. So, 1838, Matthias Schleden, a German botanist, stated that blanks are made up of cells. So, for our clue, what do botanists study? Napakadali nito, di ba? Ano ang pinag-aaralan ng mga botanists?

Ano ang sinilip ni Schleden? under the microscope at nakakita daw siya ng cells. Ayan, ano mga ba ang pinag-aaralan ng mga botanist?

Siyempre hindi ito bota, diba? So, botany is a branch of biology. Biology at ang pinag-aaralan doon, ang sabi ni Corrine, ay plants.

Sabi din si Jay at ni Drew ay plants. Okay, very good talaga ang ating mga students. Okay, so...

Kasabay ng, almost kasabay, magkasabay halos itong discoveries na to. 1839 naman, we have Theodor Schwann, a German fishologist. He concluded that blanks are also made up of cells.

So examples of this includes mammals, birds, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and insects. So halos magkapanabayan itong dalawang scientist. Actually, sabay talaga sila. But they were studying.

Different organisms. So, dito naman, ano kaya? Okay, so nakita ko, ang kauna-una ang sumagot ay si CJ Custodio.

At ang kanyang sagot ay... Animals. So, very good. So, very good guys. Siko rin din.

Siko rin laging tama. Very good talaga. Animals.

Laging tama. And then, last one. Last significant event, 1855. We have Rudolf Virchow.

He stated that cells come from pre-existing cells through blanks. So, this is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Okay. So, anong process? So napaka-groundbreaking din itong ginawa ni Virchon na ito eh.

Yung sabi niya, cells come from pre-existing cells. Mamaya malalaman natin kung bakit na ito groundbreaking. Meron na ba tayong sagot?

So far, ma'am, sumasagot pa rin po ay animals. Meron na pong sumagot at ang sabi ni CJ ay cell division. Yes, cell division. po ang ating answer.

Correct. Okay? So, ang gagaling naman po ng ating mga viewers, napakasarap mag-tutorial kapag ganito yung tinuturuan mo.

Napakagaling nila. Napakahuhusay. So, let us not forget the works of these scientists, si Johnson, si Hook, si Liu Wenhook, Xuan, Schladen, and Virchow. Napaka-historical, napaka-significant na mga discoveries nila. Kasi sila ang nag-lay down ng foundation sa isa sa mga fundamental Tal?

Isa sa mga pinaka-importante theory sa biology, ang cell theory. So this is our main topic, one of our main topics for today. So the cell theory was first proposed in the mid-19th century. So it was made of three postulates. First postulate states that all living things are made up of cells.

So this is from the observation of Schladen and Schwann. Diba kanina nga dun sa ating review, sabi sila yung nagsabi na plants and animals are made up of cells. So during those time, hindi pa namang kumpleto yung mga pag-aaral about all the living organisms.

So most of the time, associated lang ang living things either as plant and So since nakita nga nila na cells ang plants and then cells ang animals, so they concluded that all living things are made up of cells. And also based from this observation, nabuo naman yung ating second postulate. So the second postulate states that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

So diba Tutor Eric lagi sinasabi, The building block of life. Building block of life daw ang cells. At saka yung mga biological process nangyayari in the cellular level.

Hello, good afternoon, Tutor Wendy. Hi! Hello, Tutor Tomo.

I'm in. Nakakapos ko lang po sa Earth and Life Science. So, good afternoon po.

Good afternoon, Tutor T. So, good afternoon po sa inyong lahat. Mabilis na pagbati lang po. I'm Sir Tony from SDO Calcium City, the program head of Senior High School Science Department.

Hello Sir Tony. Discuss na po si Tutor Wendy at Tutor Eric. Hindi ko na po kayo na welcome naman.

Pasensya na po. Okay lang sir. Ano pa ngayon eh? Ang tawag niya na lagari.

Thank you sir. Pumasok pa rin dito para support naman kami ni Tutor Eric. Okay po.

And I think very active ang ating mga participant as early as now, ma'am. Ay, grabe, sir. Napakadali mag-tutor kapag ganito ang mga estudyante mo. Punong-puno, tamang-tama sa subject natin, biology, the study of life.

Punong-puno sila ng buhay this afternoon. Yes po. Meron tayo. Andami nating viewers, sir, from Davao. Yan, yes po.

Lagi po yung suke. Lagi nakasuporta po yung sa mga programang ng DepEd EdTech Unit. So maraming maraming salamat po. Hello po sa inyong lahat.

So tuloy na po tayo, Tutor Tony. Yes, let's proceed po. What is the third?

So the third postulate, cells come from pre-existing cells. So sabi nga natin, ang nagbigay ng postulate na to is Rudolf Virchow. Meron siyang famous saying, omniscella e cellula.

This is Latin. Ang literal translation niya is cells come from cells. So sabi ko kanina, groundbreaking itong kanyang postulate. Kasi Tutor Tony, Dati merong popular belief na ang life daw pwedeng manggaling from non-life. Non-living, oo.

Non-living. Now, nung binigay ito ni Rudolf Virchow, nagbago ngayon yung paniniwala ng mga tao nung panahon na yun. Okay? So, ngayon po, as technology develops, yes, nagde-develop na siya, nagkakaroon na ng mga magagandang gamit ang ating mga scientist, lalong naging deeper. Especially the development of microscope, ma'am, no?

Yes, oo. Alam niyo, sir, yung microscope, trending talaga sa kanila yan noon, eh. Gustong gusto nila yung microscope. Opo, yung focus nila sa discovery in terms of the, Kasi nag-curious sila sa...

microorganisms and in particular yung composition ng mga cells po. Ayan. So, we have a modern version, sir, because of the new discoveries of our scientists. Nag-level up, ma'am.

The modern cell theory. Parang itulay lang, ma'am. Nag-level up. Season 2. Season 2 na ito ng cell theory, diba, sir? So, yung modern cell theory, naandun pa rin yung mga yung tatlong na unang postulates ni Schwanz, Sladen, and Virtue.

Nadagdagan lang po siya ng tatlo. Okay? Parang inano lang nila.

Nire-interpret. Okay? So, the fourth postulate states that cells carry genetic material which is passed from cell to cell during cell division. So, yan po yung ating DNA from the parent cell that is passed on to the daughter cells.

And now, the fifth is all cells are basically the same in structure and chemical composition. And this holds true kapag daw po ang mga organisms ay nagbibilong sa same species. And then, the last one, energy flow in the form of biochemical processes occurs within the cells.

So, ang example po ng ating mga biochemical processes, we have metabolism, we have photosynthesis, and we have cellular respiration. So, iyan na po lahat yung ating six postulates. From the original tree, nadagdagan pa siya ng bago na tatlo pa.

So that is our cell theory. Now, Dr. Tony, moving on. Yes po. Yes, tignan naman natin.

We are now ready to examine and investigate the different cell structures. So kung sa mga senior high school natin, I think na-aral nyo to during your grade 7 and grade 8, diba? You were able to study. The different organelles or structures of the cell. So babalikan lang natin and of course, ibibipin natin yung understanding nila, Tutor Wendy, right?

Yes, yes, Tutor Tony. So on the left, you have an illustration of the animal cell and on the right, you have the plant cell. So mapapansin nyo sa loob, there are other structures and it is called, sabi nga kanina ni Tutor Tony, these are organelles. Ang literal meaning ng organelles ay little organs. organs.

So, these are specialized structures found within the cell. They have specific functions. And kapag hindi sila nag-function because it is vital to cellular life, maaring mamatay yung ating cell. So, Tutor Tony, titignan natin yan mga bawat organel lang isa-isa. So, titignan natin sila lahat and we are going to start from the outside.

So, when you say from the outside, ano ba ang una natin iisipin? Of course, it is the Ayan. The cell membrane or the plasma membrane.

Yes. So we have our first organelle which is the cell membrane. So the cell membrane is a thin double layer of protein and fat. So ang kanyang main component is phospholipid, proteins, and cholesterol.

So ano kaya ang functions ng ating cell membrane? Since siya yung pinaka-outermost, I think ano kaya ginagawa niya? So, it separates the inner contents of the cell, of course, with its environment. Yes.

So, sir, it acts as a barrier, no? Pangharang siya and protection na rin siya ng ating cell. Kaya nga nagiging distinct cell din siya, di ba, sir?

Kasi meron siyang cell membrane. Okay? And then, it also regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

So, siya po yung nag-de-decide kung ano ba yung mga materials that can enter. Or K2. Relate natin lang sa face-to-face classes.

Kapag pumapasok yung mga studyante natin, sino bang yung nakikita sa school? Siyempre, ang mga security guards natin. So hello, kaway-kaway po tayo sa ating mga magigiting na security personnel, hindi lamang sa ating mga schools, of course, sa different establishments, ma'am Wendy.

Yes, alam mo nga, sir. mas famous pa sa atin si Manong Gard diba sa totoo lang? Yes, kilala.

Kailala si Manong Gard. Sa cell, ang manong guard natin ay si cell membrane. Agad-set ng mga papasok at lalabas. At sir, nagagawa niya yan because it has a unique characteristic. Ang tawag dun ay semi-permeability.

So after cell membrane, what else do we have, ma'am? Okay, so cell membrane found in both animal and plant cells. Yes, next we have the cell wall. So, the cell wall is a rigid membrane surrounding plant cells made up mostly of cellulose. So, ano kaya ang function niya?

Tutor Tony! Yes, so it is a rigid membrane. It gives the cell, especially the plant cells, the protection, the support, and structure.

So, kung baga ang mga plantitos at plantitas natin, malulungkot kapag may nangyari sa ating cell wall. Yes, sir. Kasi nga sabi, rigid, no? It maintains the plants, it makes the plants stiff and upright. Kaya nakatayo yung mga halaman natin, diba, Sir Tony?

Dahil sa cell wall, kahit malambot yung stem niya, makikita nyo nakatindig pa rin yung halaman, diba, no, sir? Right. So, it is only found in?

Plant cell. Plant cell. So, additional protection siya, sir, aside from the cell?

Membrane. Membrane. So may cell membrane na, may cell wall pa as additional protection and support.

What's next, Ma'am Wendy? Yes po. Ay. Sorry po.

Moving on. Moving on tayo, sir. Sige, ma'am.

We have the nucleus. Alright. The nucleus.

A membrane-bound spherical body discovered by Robert Brown in 1831. One. Okay. Yes.

So ito. familiar na familiar din yung ating mga students dito, lalo na yung ating mga G11. Kasi G10, pinag-aaralan nila yung nucleus na yan eh.

Dahil sa central dogma. Yes, replication, transcription, transcription, and translation. And the nucleus functions as the storage of our DNA or the deoxyribonucleic acid.

Very important, of course. para sa reproduction ng mga living organisms at saka sa identity. Kasi dyan naka-embed ang unique characteristics ng bawat organisms.

Nandiyan lahat ng hereditary information natin, sir. Nandiyan lahat ng hereditary information. It also controls and regulates different cell activities. Kumagal siya yung pinaka the brain. It controls and regulates everything that happens in the cell.

And finally, it controls the synthesis or yung production ng ating mga ribosomes na very important sa paggawa naman ng ating mga protein molecules. Yes, sir Tony. Or nucleus.

So, speaking of ribosomes, sir Tony. Yes, po. May nakita pa silang isang organelle inside mismo ng nucleus.

And that is our nucleolus. So, very related ito sa ating ribosome. kasi nga siya ang in-charge sa production ng ribosome. So, it assembles the ribosomes from proteins and ribosomal RNA. Okay?

So, both the nucleus and the nucleolus is found in animal cells and plant cells. Yes. Now, si ribosome, Tutor Tony, pagkatapos niyang ma-assemble sa ating nucleolus, lalabas na yan na ang...

nucleus and pupunta siya sa cytoplasm where it can perform its function. Function. Ayan na, si ribosome.

Yes. So, ang description sa kanya, Tutor Tony? It is a large complex of protein and RNA, of course, and it functions, ma'am.

So, the function is site of protein synthesis. So, pag sinabi niyong complex, ibig sabihin, different structures joined together. Kaya pag tinignan niyo yung... ating illustration.

It has a large subunit attached to a smaller subunit. Alam mo ba, Tutor Tony, medyo ano tong si ribosome, maraming balibalita sa kanya kasi yung iba hindi daw siya organelle. Other scientists consider it as an organelle while others A structure or a special kind of structure.

Kasi wala daw siyang membrane. Ang sabi, pag daw organelle, dapat membrane-bound, tutor Tony. Pero sabi naman yung iba, napaka-importante kasi ng role na ginagawa niya bilang site of protein synthesis.

Kaya dapat i-consider natin siya as an organelle. Kaya tinaman natin siya yung ribosome. So, ito yung ating role ng ribosome. sa protein synthesis.

So, dinidecode niya yung information from the messenger RNA. Yes, dinadirect niya yung assembly ng proteins from the amino acids. So, ang ating animal, present animal. They're very small but they perform a very essential function sa cell natin, ma'am Wendy, diba? Yes.

Oo, kaya nga, Tutor Tony, sabi ng iba, organelle siya dahil siya ay mahalaga. Yes. Yes.

So, our next organelle na tayo, Tutor Tony. We have the mitochondria. Tutor Tony, tignan mo nga ano. Ano ito ba niya? Parang siyang beans or sausage.

Nakakagutom. Yes, nagutom na, no? Dahil sa lagarin ngayon si Tutor Tony.

Ang nakita niya ay beans or sausage. So, tama naman. Pag nilidescribe nga siya, Tutor Tony, sabi, double membrane.

rod shape or yung parang oval organelle. So, napakayutip po ni mitochondria. In fact, it has its own DNA. So, aside from the DNA na nasa loob ng nucleus, may sariling DNA si mitochondria. So, nakakagawa siya ng sarili niyang enzyme at nakakagawa rin siya ng sarili niyang protein.

Yung mga kailangan niya ba, sir, sa kanyang function? On its own, oo, yes. And, of course, mahalagang function niya.

It produces the chemical energy. So sa kanya lang naman nakasalalay, mamang enerhiya, diba? The energy that will sustain and power up every cell in our body or in every living organism.

So once again, the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell because it produces the chemical energy needed to power the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate or the ATP. Yun. So that's your mitochondria found both in, of course, Animal cell at saka plant cell. So, sometimes, Tutor Tony, merong mga cells na napakarami lang mitochondria, lalo na yung mga very active.

Yung mga very active yung kailangan ng maraming energy. So, when you think of active cells, ayan, mga muscle cells, kasi nag-contract, relax. Yes, Tutor Tony.

Of course, yung kailangan kilala ng mga estudyante, yung napakalikot na cell, which is the? The? So, marami rin niyang mitochondria kasi kailangan niya ng maraming energy para makapag-travel siya.

Although, para ma-meet niya ang kanyang Juliet, diba? So, si Romeo at si Juliet. Medyo malayo kasi yung kanyang destination, diba?

Ang kanyang travel, ma'am, ay medyo mahaba-haba. Papunta sa kanyang Juliet ang egg cell. So, the sperm cell needs a good amount of mitochondria. Ayan, correct, sir.

So, sir, tumitingin ako sa ating comment box. Mukhang isang section ang nanonood. Yes, isang buong section.

Andromeda. Hello. South-south sa ating mga section Andromeda.

Napaka-universal, napaka-galactic ng name ng section nyo. Ayan. Grade 12. Grade 12, no, sir.

Grade 12. So, hello niya sa teacher. Baka nirequire sila ng kanilang teacher na manood sa atin. Yes, thank you very much.

Taut-taut na yung teacher ninyo later para ma-acknowledge natin. Let's proceed now with the next organ. Okay, so we have the endoplasmic reticulum.

ER na lang yan for short kasi ang haba-haba lagi ng pangalan niya. So it is a series of interconnected membranous sacs and tubules. So mapapansin ninyo, connected po siya dun sa outer membrane ng ating nucleus. So this is the nucleus. Sana nakikita nyo yung aking ano, yung...

purple and this is the ER. Now, there are two types. We have the rough ER and the smooth ER.

Magkaiba po ang function ng dalawang yan. So, also found in both animal and plants. So, Tutor Tony, bakit kaya rough? Okay. Merong isang, ano nyo lang, kumbaga, importanteng structure na nakakabit.

And as seen on your screen, it is bombarded. Yes, bombarded. May mga nakadikit dyan na Ribosomes.

So, ribosomes attach to its surface. Kaya, pag tinignan nga siya sa under the microscope, parang may mga dots na structure. So that is your rough endoplasmic reticulum.

And it functions in the modification of proteins synthesized by the ribosomes. And it also performs the making of phospholipids to be used by our cellular membranes. Yes, yung important component ating cell membrane.

Kaya rin Tutor Tony may naka-attach sa kanyang ribosome. Kasi after gawin ng ribosome yung protein, Ita-transport naman sa kanya, ibabato sa kanya, and then imomodify niya or lalagyan niya ng iba pang molecule like your carbohydrates. So, yun ang function ng rough ER. Next, we have our smooth endoplasmic. Ina-take yung smooth.

Oh, kini sa sana all, di ba? Sana all. Sana all smooth.

Yes, because it has no attached ribosomes. Kaya smooth. Pero ano pa rin siya, kadugtong naman siya ng rough ER.

Yes. So, hindi sila magkalayo. Kung baga, continuous complex po siya. Malalaman mo lang na nasa smooth ka na kapag wala ka na nakikita ang ribosomes.

And dahil wala siyang ribosomes, hindi siya involved in any protein modification. Pero, Tutor Tony, marami siyang important functions. Okay. And isa-isahin natin, Tutor Wendy, no? First function niya ng smooth ER is the production of carbohydrates.

Lipids and steroids. Very important din siya, no, pag-detox. Wow. Detoxification of drugs and toxins.

Parang siya yung pinaka-liver ng cell na detoxify. And then finally, it serves as important storage ng mga calcium ions naman sa mga regulation ng mga pumps natin, diba, sa biological systems. Yes, okay. So, correct.

So, ang dami din naman yung function, diba, sir? Kahit hindi siya involved sa protein modification. modification.

That's right. So that's your rough and smooth ER. What's the next, ma'am?

So the next is our Golgi body. So it is also called sometimes Golgi complex or Golgi apparatus. Okay, so... Nagugutom na naman ako. Para siyang pancake, ma'am.

Pancake naman daw. Nagpatong-patong na pancake. Patong-patong na pancake. So membranous din siya.

Marami siyang membranes. Mukha lang siyang patong-patong na pancake. But Actually, the teeth are sacks of membranes.

So, ang kanyang function? Taga-sort, ayan. Taga-tag, taga-package. Parang sa factory, di ba yung mga workers, sila yung final na bago maging final product sa kamay nila dadaan. Or specifically sa mga machines, minsan kapag sobrang advanced na ng isang factory.

So, they sort, they tag, they package and distribute. Distribute lipids and proteins. So, after packaging, distribute na, ready na.

Ready for distribution, ready for use na. So, Tutor Tony, pwede yung i-distribute. Pwede kasing ginagamit lang sa loob ng cell yung mga materials. Or pwede din naman na i-transport siya outside of the cell.

And trabaho siya ni Golgi. Golgi. Okay. So, steam. It is present sa animal at saka plant cells.

Both animal and plant cells. Okay. Next. We have the lysosome. Ang dami no.

Ang dami organizer. So the lysosome is a spherical body containing digestive enzymes. So siya yung parang nagsiserve na digestive structure sa ating cells.

Because it digests cellular nutrients, it also breakdowns worn out or damaged organelles. Napaka-importante, parang taga-repair din, diba? And also it breaks down the worn out, damaged organelles.

And it aids in a very important process called apoptosis. Or yung tinatawag natin ang program cell death sa mga cells. Yes.

Kasi sir, Tony, kapag yung cell ay damaged na siya, hindi na siya talaga kayang i-repair, meron siyang katayuan na mag-self-destruct. Self-destruct, medyo ano nga eh, no? Misa natawag sa kanya ay suicide body, di ba no, sir?

Yes, the suicide bags, the lysodome. Yes, kasi nga, kapag hindi na ma-repair yung cell, wala na talaga, it will self-destruct. With the aid of the...

lysosome. Now, ang lysosome ay makikita lamang po sa animal cell. Wala siya sa plant cell.

May iba siyang counterpart. And that is, ayan po. So, for the next organelle would be the chloroplast. Bilisan lang natin ng konti, ma'am Wendy. Yes, yes, tutor Tony.

So, the chloroplast contains the pigment chlorophyll. It is the site of photosynthesis. So, important din yan, Peter Tony, kasi itong photosynthesis, this is the food-producing process sa ating plants.

So, the chloroplast is only found in photosynthetic cells like your plant cells. Wala po ito sa ating animal cells. So, next, we have our vacuole.

Yes, so the vacuole, a large space within the cell that is enclosed in a membrane and filled with fluid. Okay, so ang kanyang function is to maintain water balance, cell shape, and storage din po ng nutrients and waste products. Yes, so Tutor Tony, yung vacuole, pag nawala niya ng tubig sa loob, nagsishrink yung cell natin. Halimbawa sa mga plants, yan yung point na magiging lanta na yung ating halaman. Kaya magagalit na yung ating mga nanay na plantita kasi hindi natin giligan.

Okay, and then we have the last one. Finally, the cytoskeleton. The last structure, we have the cytoskeleton. So, these are the...

Skeleton, diba? Skeleton, yes. Parang framework.

Backbone of our cells. Provides shape and structure. It allows movement. And of course, it involves in the formation of the spindle fibers, diba?

Or the spindle apparatus during kapag nagkakaroon tayo ng cell division. Kapag kailangan na mag-divide ng ating mga cells. And those are the organelles, ma'am Wendy. Yes. So, Tutor Tony, tingnan natin kung nakikinig ang ating mga viewers.

Yes. Let's proceed with our activity. Apply natin sa ating learning task. So, ang gagawin lang ng ating mga tutis.

I-identify yung structure or yung organelle. Ibibigay natin yung mga alias or nicknames nila. Kung nakikinig kasi kanina, inano naman natin siya eh, diba?

Binibigay din, nabibigay din yung iba. So, ready na sana yung ating mga viewers? Type in your answers sa ating comment box. So, ready na kaya sila, Tutor Tony?

I think they're very much ready. Let's just make this quick lang lang. The first organelle is known as the brain of the field. So, reminder sa ating mga...

Senior high school learners, to type in the item number, kunyari number 1, tapos ano yung sagot ninyo? So number 1 is say for example, 1, ribosome. So bigyan natin silang sample, ma'am.

So number 1, the answer is support. Number 1 is? Our brain is the nucleus. Naganggit nga yung kanina ni Peter Tony, okay? For number 2, ano kaya yung tinatakot?

Subway? Subway system. So parang siyang interconnected body na nakasurround o malapit sa nucleus natin kanina. Okay, so ano kaya ito?

So, we have the endoplasmic reticulum. So, pwede kumabu lang sagot ha, our senior high school learner. Yes, okay. So, pwede kumabu lang sagot. So, pwede kumabu lang sagot.

Third item, ma'am? Third item, the garbage collector, taga-kuha ng basura. Ayan.

So, tama si Edelme Palma. Number two, endoplasmic reticulum. Yes, okay. Here, Cantero, you're also correct.

Number one is nucleus. Ayan, ayan ang magkakaramdam na yung mga answers. O yan ang nga, ngayon kung magandit natin yung answers, medyo tight-tight.

We have number 3. We have that. Yung mga inside bags natin. Ayan, our garbage collector. Nag-a-collect ng kukura. And then number 4. Ito, ito, diba?

Kinabag-in-concern. Nabanggit ko si Manong kanina. Kaya i-reveal na natin, no? Kasi nabanggit natin kanina yan. Si Manong Guard.

I see. Cell membrane. Cell membrane.

Okay, number 5. We have the protein. Nagagawa ng mga proteins natin. Siyempre, yan ang ating ribosome.

Number six is, of course, powerhouse, the energy provider ng ating cell. Ayan. Okay, we have that. Oo nga, bilisan niya.

Good job, good job. Number six is mitochondria. Number seven is The mailman. The mailman. Sino kayo yung taga-mailman?

Serves as a mailman. Nag-deliver yun. Nag-deliver. Sir, nag-deliver.

That is your? Okay, we have, ha? Boji. Boji.

All right. Tags, he sorts, he delivers. And then last one, cafeteria.

So, pag sinabing cafeteria, pag sinabing canteen, ang unang pumapasok sa isip natin, syempre, ay pagkain. So, pagkain daw, food. Nakaka-miss yan, ma'am, sa face-to-face, no? Lahat ng favorite place.

The cafeteria. Di lang sa diyan, pati teacher. Kaya nga, sir.

The cafeteria of the cell, specifically the plant cell, of course, are the chloroplast. Because they contain the chlorophyll. Now, sir, ito, common itong pinapagawa ng mga teachers, di ba, yung cell model projects natin. So, listen up. Oo, marami na mga ideas.

Sa ating mga STEM learners, or hindi man siguro may project kayo before na cell model using pwedeng food, pwedeng recycled materials, baka may naitago kayong photo. You can share that to us, sa ating mga tutors, kay Tutor Wendy, kay Tutor Eric, siya ka sa akin. So, i-email nyo lang yan or i-post nyo yan sa amin or message nyo sa amin via Facebook Messenger. So, i-flex.

Sir, pakita ko ha dito. Ayan, ma'am. I-flex nyo. I-flex natin ang inyong mga cell model or yung parang pinaka ano po.

Yung kanilang mga projects, sir, na cell model. Yes, mga projects. Isend nyo sa amin ha, and then if i-feature namin siya sa mga susunod naming section at saka sa mga social media pages. At saka Tutor Tony, di ba, pumipili din naman tayo ng ating mga students or tutis of the week. Baka may mag-send nyo na kanilang magandang project, no?

I-feature namin sila as student of the week. So aasahan namin yun ha, naka-flash niya kung saan mo pwedeng isend ang inyong mga... Outputs at saka photos. Ayan.

Tutor Tony, nandyan po ba si atin? si Tutor Eric para sa atin. Are you still there?

Tutor Eric, for our final quiz. Ayan, nandito na po ako, Sir Tony and Ma'am Wendy. Ayan, signan natin ang atin. Okay, so number one.

Okay po. So number one, which of the following statements is true in the conformity with the tenets of the cell theory? Is it A, cell cellize spontaneously through a process called the biogenesis? B, the cell wall can be found in all living cells. Or letter C, the cell is the basic unit of life.

Alin kaya dyan ang nagpa-follow ng tenets ng cell theory? Of course, ang ating answers dito would be letter... It will be letter C.

The cell is the basic unit of life. Letter A is not the possible answer because a biogenesis is also known as spontaneous generation. Ang life ay maaaring mag-arise from non-living things. At ang cell wall naman ay nakikita lamang sa ating plant cells and some bacterium.

At ang ating mga participants ay tama. All of them answered C. Question number two. Question number two.

According to the cell theory, all living things are made up of cell. This tenet is a product of the work and research of which two scientists? Sino kaya ito? Is it A. Hoek and Lewin Hoek?

B. Schwan and Schleiden. Letter C. Schwan and Virtue. Or letter D.

Schleiden and Virtue. So sino kaya? Siyempre, ang ating answer ay letter. Sa plants at sa animals.

So letter? Plants at animals. Letter B. It's Theodore Schwan and Mathias Schleiden. Schleiden.

Okay, dito naman sa ating number 3. Rudolph Virchow's observation was instrumental in disproving which widely accepted belief during his time. Is it letter A, atomic model? B, evolution?

C, gravity? D, spontaneous generation? Parang namanggit ko na ang answer dito kanina.

Yes, and the answer is? And the answer is letter D. Spontaneous generation or also known as abiogenesis. I'll search ako, te.

And number four, organelles can be found in the blank of the cell. A. Cytoplasm, B. Mitochondria, C. Nucleus, or D.

Ribosome. Saan kaya nakasuspend ang ating organelles? And our answer is cytoplasms. Organelles are membrane-bound structures that are suspended in the cytoplasm of the cell.

And finally, number five. Finally, number 5. Which of the following organelles is not found in a plant cell? Is it letter A, cell wall?

B, lysosome? C, nucleus? And letter D, vacuole?

Which one is not found? Letter? That's letter B, lysosome.

At ang nagkakompensate sa kawalan ng lysosome ng plant cell ay letter D, yung vacuole. By picking up yung ating mga toxic materials. Ayan, okay. Ayan, at syempre magtapos ngayon. Ayan, let us read the word from Holy Golaiti.

Ito siya ay isang character sa isang lumang movie. So ang sabi niya, any work I do I think is important. Like acting, there are no small parts, only small actors.

Parang dito sa ating mga cell organelles, kahit iba-iba sila, taliit sila. Meron silang mga functions na kine-carry out para magpag-function ng buo ang ating cell. And likewise, parang tayo sa ating mga pamilya, meron tayong iba't ibang role sa ating bahay.

And minsan, ang role natin ay tagahugas ng pinggan sa ating bahay or tagatapon ng basura. Minsan, parang lysosome tayo, no? Okay lang yan because it contributes doon sa ating pagpapunction ng ating tahanan.

Transcript for:Cell Theory and Its Parts

Transcript for:
Cell Theory and Its Parts