this last section of chapter 7 is on bacterial diseases so we've kind of sprinkled in some bacterial diseases throughout the class um once upon a time we used to have all of the bacterial diseases at the end of the semester so we just found it a little bit easier just to kind of sprinkle them in so you are going to see some diseases of different parts of the body that affect different parts of the body um these are all going to be bacteria when we get to the viral chapter we're going to be talking about some viral diseases remember this is not a human health and disease class so you are not going to have to have extensive knowledge of symptoms and treatments this is really for [Music] recognition so the first disease this is a disease of the lower respiratory tract um this is micoplasma pneumonia also known as walking pneumonia sometimes people will call it atypical pneumonia this is actually caused by the smallest known bacterial pathogen it actually lacks a cell wall that is the micoplasma Um this can be common with adolescence with teenagers sometimes they may have symptoms um sometimes no signs or symptoms um it usually is treated with antibiotics um I know that um in my kids High School classes um it was not uncommon for for atypical pneumonia to spread through classrooms um I remember once my son was coughing wasn't really sure what it was finally went to the doctor and they diagnosed him with walking pneumonia or atypical pneumonia he was on antibiotics and and he was fine within no time another disease which is also of the lower respirat tract is legionaire disease um and this is not a particular bacteria that is going to be transmitted from person to person this is actually something that tends to be in water supply so air conditioning unit so big HS um also pools um hot tubs things like that and what happens is is that it actually um becomes an aerosol and then people can inhale it so you have to be in contact with it and it can cause um fever chills GI effects and it can actually be fatal so this is actually named for an outbreak of this disease um that occurred in 1976 at a Convention of War veterans so this is actually where it got its name Legionnaire disease you do hear about this once in a while especially in the summertime um when buildings have their air conditioning going and if um if this happens to get into the system it can um it can spread that way a couple of years ago I remember there were some cases of legionnaires in Hampton Beach New Hampshire and of course as you know every summer a lot of people descend on Hampton Beach and they were concerned about people getting ill and there had been a few people that had gotten sick and it was taking taking a while just to kind of Trace to figure out where it was coming from turns out it was actually coming from a local Motel um that people that were living um staying there and then went into the hot tub they were actually getting it that way um so we do hear about it in especially in the summertime um cities um vacation areas um but again it cannot be spread personto person this is something that um that you would have to get from the environment then we'll talk talk about some bacterial STDs or sexually transmitted diseases so first up is gar uh goria which is caused by neria ganara um this is a veneral disease but it can also affect other parts of the body um sometimes um people can be asymptomatic so they might not know they have it and they can actually spread it it can be treated um with um antibiotics syphilis which is a Spyro remember FY is that cork screw shaped bacteria um this causitive agent is uh tripona um padum and this is also an STD but it can be passed in saliva so people can get lesions not only on their genitals but hands and lips as well um this can also cross the placenta so babies can get it as well again it can be treated with antibiotics the most common bacterial STD is chlamidia this is the most common in the US again some people can be asymptomatic um and still spread it can also cause some issues with fertility this is a particular disease that I always think of one of the favorite movies in our house to watch is Mean Girls and there is actually a scene where the main character is being called down to the principal's office and um she's in health Ed and the gym teacher who is teaching sex ed at the time um starts to talk about chlamydia and the famous line is um don't have sex because you'll get chlamydia and die and then of course he goes on to spell clamidia with a k um if you haven't seen the movie you could actually Google um you can look up on YouTube that little scene um it's kind of amusing and I I can't talk about this without thinking of that movie um um of course it is no laughing matter it is um the most common STD all right some other bacterial diseases this is um of the brain and menes so the menes are the protective coverings of tissue of the central nervous system so they line our brain and spinal cord and it can cause inflammation of course this can be super serious because if you get pressure building up in your brain that's obviously not a good thing there are lots of different causitive agents of menitis um viral menitis is usually not fatal bacterial menitis is really the very serious form and it can be caused by a variety of things for example strep pneumonia um can actually cause it um this is one of those diseases and they're very bacterial diseases that can cause menitis um and now we can actually vaccinate for some of those so I know when my kids went off to college um before they went to college they were required to get vaccines and some of those vaccines were actually for meningitis this is one of those things that they warn of that you can be fine one minute um and then 24 to 48 hours later you could be dead because it moves so quickly um I heard of of a case um somebody was telling me about their friend that ended up with bacterial menitis ended up from a sinus infection that they had that ended up moving into their brain they were extremely lucky that they were able to recover um and it has been a very long recovery of you know several months um this is usually um it's brought on quickly and some of the symptoms can be like a headache stiff neck the this is one of those things that you know when my kids complain about you know their head hurting or their neck hurting of course my paranoia automatically goes to menitis um it is it is not that common although it can it can definitely happen especially um with young adults especially in places like college dorm rooms or on teams where they're sharing drinks and they're in a close proximity um it can actually spread very quickly hemophilus uh influenza this is most common among young children and if children are not treated for it it is actually fatal um this is actually something that children can be can be vaccinated for uh listeriosis this is a another um disease that um is caused by leria monocytogenes and this can cause um menitis in um unborn babies so this is something that pregnant women are warned of and so they're usually warned to stay away from unpasteurized things like unpasturized milk and cheeses also Dairy um all dairy products that aren't pasteurized as well as deli meat um I remember uh My Obgyn warning me when I was pregnant you know make sure that you know you're staying away from sushi you know California Mak is okay but no sushi um no unpasteurized cheeses like the soft cheeses things like bri um because of listeriosis this is also one of those things that sometimes we hear about with recalls um that sometimes we we hear about listeriosis with that and then finally if we had a patient that we suspected that had one of these diseases we could actually do some Diagnostics um and the one diagnostic that we are actually going to be doing in lab at the very end of the semester is the analytical profile index um now our equipment is so sophisticated that you can basically um add in the microbe and a computer will basically spit out the identity so in a clinical lab if we suspected a patient had a disease we could actually look at at its entire biochemical profile so that we could identify it in very beginning of micro we spent a lot of time looking at bacteria underneath the microscope um talking about what they look like the shape the arrangement gram reactions if they're spor formers but to really identify and to really get a picture of what the bacteria is we really need to look at all of its biochemistry so what you're looking at here are these Wells that will test for um certain biochemistry so what types of metabolism do they undergo uh what types of um carbohydrate sources do they like what type of fermentation do they undergo so these types of tests would allow us to look at these um and identify a bacteria very quickly we're actually going to be looking at the API test the analytical profile index at the end of the semester um we have sprinkled in a lot of bacterial diseases we will continue to to talk about different causitive agents and diseases throughout the semester again I just want to remind you this is not a human health and disease class so this is really has to do with um with recognition