Overview
This lecture covers John Winthrop’s 1630 sermon "A Model of Christian Charity," emphasizing the spiritual and communal expectations for the Massachusetts Bay Colony as a "city upon a hill," meant to set an example for the world.
Divine Social Order and Inequality
- Winthrop argues that God has ordained social differences—some rich, some poor, some powerful, some in subjection.
- Social variety displays God’s wisdom, power, and ability to manage diverse people for the good of all.
- Wealth and honor are not for individual glory, but for the Creator’s glory and the common good.
Christian Community and Mutual Obligation
- True Christian charity means prioritizing communal welfare over personal interests, especially in times of shared danger or hardship.
- Early Christians and Jews returning from captivity are cited as models for communal generosity and debt forgiveness.
- Acts of generosity are highly valued in both scripture and church tradition.
The Covenant with God
- The settlers see themselves as having entered into a covenant (solemn agreement) with God for this mission.
- Following the covenant ensures God’s blessing; breaking it will result in divine wrath and failure.
- The community’s success depends on collective justice, mercy, humility, and mutual support.
The "City on a Hill" Ideal
- The Massachusetts Bay Colony is to be a "city upon a hill," visible to all and meant as a model society.
- The world is watching; any moral failure will bring shame and be used as evidence against God’s people and their faith.
- The settlers must maintain unity, share resources, and uphold their spiritual commitments.
Call to Righteous Living
- Winthrop urges the colonists to choose life by loving God, loving one another, and keeping His commandments.
- Warning: If they turn to selfishness and idolatry (worship of pleasure/profit), they will lose the land.
- The community’s future and prosperity depend on faithfulness and obedience.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Covenant — A solemn agreement with God to follow specific principles and missions.
- City upon a hill — A metaphor for an exemplary community observed by the world.
- Christian charity — Love expressed through selfless acts and the welfare of others.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the meaning and significance of "a city upon a hill" for future discussions.
- Reflect on how communal values and religious covenants influence early American society.