The Cell Cycle in Eukaryotic Cells

Overview

• The cell cycle is the process of cell growth and division in eukaryotic cells.
• It is divided into distinct phases based on cellular activities.

Phases of the Cell Cycle

G1 Phase

• Function: Cell growth occurs.
• Checkpoint:
  • Determines if the cell will:
    • Divide
    • Delay division
    • Enter a resting stage

S Phase (Synthesis Phase)

• Function: DNA replication occurs to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions.

G2 Phase

• Function:
  • Further cell growth.
  • Preparation for cell division.
• Checkpoint:
  • Assesses the success of DNA replication.

M Phase (Mitosis)

• Function:
  • DNA is distributed evenly to each daughter cell.
• Checkpoint:
  • Ensures mitosis is proceeding correctly.
  • Once passed, mitosis completes.
  • Overlaps with the beginning of cytokinesis.

C Phase (Cytokinesis)

• Function:
  • Division of the cytoplasm.
  • Creation of two daughter cells from one original cell.

Cycle Completion

• After cytokinesis, daughter cells enter the G1 phase, starting the cycle anew.

Key Points

• The cell cycle is a controlled process with multiple checkpoints ensuring proper cell division and genetic integrity.
• Each phase has specific roles and is crucial for the creation and proper function of daughter cells.