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Data Center Environmental Controls

Jun 12, 2025

Overview

This lecture discusses the environmental controls in data centers, including power usage, humidity and temperature management, and fire suppression methods.

Data Center Power Usage

  • Data centers consume about 2% of all US power.
  • Significant power is used to control environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.

Humidity Control in Data Centers

  • Managing humidity is crucial: high humidity causes condensation, low humidity causes static discharge.
  • Ideal humidity levels for data centers are around 40-60% to balance condensation and static risks.
  • These levels may vary slightly depending on geographic location.

Temperature Control in Data Centers

  • Equipment generates significant heat, requiring constant cooling.
  • Optimal temperature range is 64–81°F.
  • HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems maintain temperature and humidity.
  • External factors like outdoor temperature and system load affect cooling needs.
  • Sensors throughout the data center help maintain consistent conditions.

Fire Suppression in Data Centers

  • Standard water-based fire suppression is not safe for data centers due to electrical equipment.
  • Inert gases or chemical agents are used to suppress fires or remove oxygen.
  • Fire suppression systems are often integrated with HVAC to shut down airflow and limit oxygen during a fire.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) — System used to control temperature and humidity in data centers.
  • Condensation — Water formation due to high humidity, which is dangerous for equipment.
  • Static Discharge — Release of static electricity, a risk when humidity is too low.
  • Inert Gas — Non-reactive gas used to suppress fires by displacing oxygen.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Review recommended readings on data center environmental controls and safety protocols.