Periodontal Structures: Structures surrounding the tooth, including:
Gums
Periodontal ligament fibers
Surrounding bone
Cementum (focus of this lecture)
Cementum: Definition and Characteristics
Cementum: A layer covering the root of the tooth
Yellowish-brown color
Mineralized tissue (contains minerals)
Covers only the root, not the enamel
Function and Importance of Cementum
Seals Dentinal Tubules:
Dentinal tubules cause sensitivity if open
Cementum covers and seals these tubules, reducing sensitivity
Preservation of Cementum:
Important not to remove cementum during dental procedures
Protects from sensitivity by preserving tubule sealing
Types of Cementum
Acellular Cementum:
Thinner layer
Contains no living cells
Non-regenerative: Once removed, cannot be replaced
Located towards the enamel
Cellular Cementum:
Thicker layer
Contains living cells known as cementocytes
Regenerative: Builds up over time due to stress (grinding, clenching)
Located towards the apex and intra-radicular parts of the root
More cementum builds up with age due to attrition compensation
Summary of Cementum Location and Function
Acellular Cementum:
Located at the top near enamel
Not replaceable once lost
Cellular Cementum:
Located at the root's apex
Builds over time to cushion root due to tooth attrition
Conclusion
Cementum plays a crucial role in dental health by protecting dentin and reducing sensitivity.
Understanding the difference between acellular and cellular cementum is important for preserving dental health, especially during cleaning and debridement procedures.