Notes on Drowning and the Physiological Response

Initial Response to Being Underwater

• Oxygen Depletion: As time passes underwater, the body's supply of oxygen depletes.
• Gasp Reflex: After approximately one minute, a reflex causes the chest to tighten and forces a person to inhale involuntarily.

Physiological Reactions to Inhalation of Water

• Water Inhalation: Water enters the lungs when the gasp reflex occurs.
• Immediate Choking: The presence of water in the lungs leads to choking.
• Struggle for Survival: The body instinctively struggles to reach the surface.

Brain and Body Shutdown

• Brain Shutdown: Within seconds of inhalation, the brain begins to shut down due to lack of oxygen.
• Cessation of Movement: The body stops struggling and enters a state of calm.
• Blackout: Consciousness is lost as the person blacks out.

Long-term Effects

• Severe Brain Damage: Prolonged lack of oxygen leads to severe brain damage.
• Final Outcome: Over time, the body becomes weightless and eventually dissolves into the underwater environment.