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CIA Triad in Information Security 1️⃣

Sep 2, 2025

Overview

This lecture introduces the CIA triad—confidentiality, integrity, and availability—as the foundational model for information security policies.

The CIA Triad

  • The CIA triad stands for confidentiality, integrity, and availability in information security.
  • These principles guide the creation of workplace and personal security policies.

Confidentiality

  • Confidentiality means keeping information hidden from unauthorized access.
  • Password protection is a common method of ensuring confidentiality.
  • Only people who need access to data should know how to gain it.

Integrity

  • Integrity means data remains accurate and untampered with during transmission or storage.
  • Changes in file size or unexpected alterations can signal compromised integrity.
  • Ensuring integrity protects against unwanted or unsafe modifications to data.

Availability

  • Availability ensures information is accessible to authorized users when needed.
  • System backups and preparations help maintain availability during outages or attacks.
  • Security attacks may target availability by disrupting services or holding systems hostage for ransom.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Confidentiality — Keeping data hidden from unauthorized users.
  • Integrity — Ensuring data is accurate and unaltered.
  • Availability — Guaranteeing authorized access to data and systems when required.
  • CIA Triad — The three core principles (confidentiality, integrity, availability) guiding information security.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Reflect on ways confidentiality, integrity, and availability apply to your own digital environments.
  • Prepare to see examples of the CIA triad in future course materials.