Heimler's History: Resurgence of Conservatism in America (1980 - Present)

Overview

• Focus on the resurgence of conservatism in the US.
• Key event: Election of Ronald Reagan.
• Examines policy debates on the federal government's role.

Context and Causes

• Conservative Movement Origins:

  • Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential campaign introduced the "New Right."
  • Reaction against Democratic President Jimmy Carter's term (stagflation, Iran hostage crisis, energy crisis).

• 1980 Election:

  • Reagan, former actor, utilized media effectively.
  • Embodied three main conservative strategies:
    1. Cold War Conservatism - Resist communism.
    2. Pro-Business Economics - Roll back regulations and lower corporate taxes.
    3. Moral & Religious Conservatism - Counter the cultural changes of the 60s and 70s.
  • Reagan's landslide win (489 electoral votes to Carter's 49).

Reagan's Policies

• Reaganomics (Supply-Side Economics):

  • Emphasized tax cuts and reduced federal spending to stimulate private sector investment.
  • Rejected Keynesian economics.
  • Economic Recovery Act of 1981: Cut income taxes by 25%, decreased corporate and inheritance taxes.
  • Notably benefited the wealthy.

• Federal Spending & Deficits:

  • Cuts in welfare spending saved $40 billion.
  • Increased military spending by $150 billion.
  • Resulted in a federal budget deficit of $200-300 billion annually.

• Deregulation Efforts:

  • Reduced auto industry regulations (emissions and safety).
  • Authorized coal mining on federal lands and offshore oil drilling.
  • Rolled back environmental regulations.

Moral and Religious Policies

• Supreme Court Appointments:
  • Reagan appointed four conservative judges: Sandra Day O'Connor, William Rehnquist, Antonin Scalia, and Anthony Kennedy.
  • Led to reduced affirmative action and abortion restrictions.

Significance

• Reagan's presidency marked a decisive rejection of the liberal policies of the 1960s and 70s.
• Seen as a transformative moment in American political history.

• Note for AP US History students: Consider reviewing the "APUSH Ultimate Review Packet" for exam preparation.