Overview of 21st Century Literature

Overview

This lecture introduces 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World, focusing on the importance of literature, its historical periods in the Philippines, and key reasons for its study.

Introduction to 21st Century Literature

• Literature is the story of humanity and helps us understand people and cultures.
• Studying literature is essential for understanding both historical and contemporary contexts of different societies.
• The course will cover literary history, regional texts and authors, literary approaches, genres, and creative representation.
• The main competency is conducting close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts.

Importance of Studying Literature

• Literature connects us to our heritage, culture, and ancestors.
• It helps preserve traditions and pass them to future generations.
• Literature is a way to appreciate and take pride in one’s cultural identity.
• Studying literature enhances language skills and understanding of Filipino origins.
• Literature serves as a window to the past and a reflection of society’s evolution.

Key Periods in Philippine Literary History

• Pre-Colonial Period: Literature before foreign influences.
• Spanish Colonial Period: Literature influenced by Spanish culture and religion, with a focus on Christianity.
• American Period: Introduction of English and new themes in literature.
• Japanese Period: Brief, with its own unique influences.
• Contemporary Period: Post-World War II literature to the present, reflecting current issues and diverse voices.

Forms and Examples of Pre-Colonial Literature

• Folk tales: Stories about life and adventures, often with moral lessons.
• Folk songs: Early cultural expressions, often with 12 syllables.
• Epics: Long poems celebrating heroes (e.g., Biag ni Lam-ang, Ibalon, Darangan).
• Proverbs (Salawikain/Maxims): Short sayings that teach life lessons.
• Riddles (Bugtong): Word puzzles passed through oral tradition.
• Literature was preserved and passed on through word of mouth.

Spanish Colonial Period Highlights

• Recreational literature often in poetic forms.
• Literature became a tool for spreading Christianity and replacing indigenous beliefs.
• Notable literary icons include Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar, who used pen names to publish critical works.

Key Terms & Definitions

• Literature — Written or oral works expressing ideas, stories, and culture.
• Pre-Colonial Period — Time before foreign colonization, marked by oral traditions.
• Epic — A long narrative poem about heroic deeds.
• Proverb (Salawikain) — Short statement offering practical advice or lessons.
• Contemporary Period — Modern era, post-WWII to present.

Action Items / Next Steps

• Reflect on the question: "What would happen if literature did not exist?"
• Prepare for deeper study of regional texts and authors in upcoming sessions.
• Review the different literary periods for comprehension.