hey everyone is stares red sterner sorry and calm and in this video I'm going to be doing an inkless review over precautions specifically standard precautions and transmission based precautions and as always in the youtube description below or at the end of this video you can access the quiz that will test your knowledge on precautions so let's get started ok on the NCLEX exam you may be asked some questions about precautions and some things you want to pay attention to during this lecture is especially about these transmission based precautions like how are they transmitted specifically the airborne the droplet or the climb pack and what PPE is required for each that you have to wear at all times and the disease is included in each category so what I'm going to do is I'm going to walk you through this and I'm going to give you three pneumonic on how to remember contact droplet and airborne what diseases are included in each of those precautions and what type of PPE you wear and that ml pneumonic will include all of that so you can move on and study other things and have this behind you ok so first let's go about talk about standard precautions ok standard precautions are precautions that we take with every single patient at all times because we don't know what they have and they can potentially have something and we're not aware of yet so and we do this to protect ourselves and to protect other patients now if we suspect or know that a patient has a infectious disease we will add on the transmission based precautions like we'll put them in either an airborne if they have chicken pox or droplet if they had whooping cough which is pertussis so we would do that and follow keep following our Sanders precautions because there are some special steps that we want to take when we put them in either airborne contact or droplet now some standard precautions include performing hand hygiene wearing appropriate PPE as needed how to handle patient equipment injection safety practices environmental cleaning respiratory hygiene / coughing etiquette handling of laundry and patient room placement now let's look at some highlights specifically the hand hygiene and the PPE ok first hand hygiene hand hygiene will be performed by you before and after patient contact and you'll perform after you wear gloves and if you touch any surfaces in a patient's room because they could be contaminated and whenever you perform hand hygiene you will either use soap and water or hand sanitizing gel now there are some instances where you will only use soap and water and this includes when your hands are visibly soiled before eating or touching food after using the bathroom or if the patient has a diarrhea illness like cedis norovirus or the ROS rotavirus now let's look at PPE PPE is personal protective equipment that you will use as needed to protect your skin clothing or mucous membranes from like potential splashes because again we don't know what this patient has so at all times for standard precautions we're going to take the necessary precautions to use the right type of personal protective equipment to protect ourselves from potential and may be splashes from blood or getting mucus on us from suctioning or something like that and some types of PPE are gloves which are needed if you're coming into contact with any types of fluids like vomit stool urine mucus and blood gallons which are needed if there is a potential contact with fluids or blood that could get onto your scrubs or clothing goggles facemask or shield and this is needed if there will be any to contact with fluids or blood like the patient starts coughing or vomiting while you're suctioning them or providing mouth care okay now let's look at transmission based precautions we just covered standard precautions that now our patient is placed into one of these precautions and based on whatever it is there's going to be some special things that we're going to do so let's look at airborne first okay how are airborne diseases transmitted okay they're transmitted when a patient coughs or sneezes whatever gets a respiratory droplets to come out and in that respiratory droplets are germs and these germs are special types of germs with airborne and we'll take chickenpox for instance so this person has chickenpox or coughing or sneezing getting all these respiratory droplets out everywhere well what happens is normally like a droplet precaution diseases the droplets will dry and the germ will die say like it was a pertussis germ it'll dry after that droplet and drives over time but with airborne and whenever the person sneezes that droplet comes out that germs survives that drying out process and actually turns into a droplet nuclei which is a very very small residue particle that is going to stay and float in the air and it's just waiting to be inhaled and that's what makes it so dangerous and why you have to wear a special mask with this an n95 mask because the particle is so small you can't see it and this person has to have special ventilation in the room to clean the air out because these particles stand there and the transmission is through inhalation you inhale it goes and down into your respiratory tract it starts to live in there and grow so it's different than droplet because droplet these diseases will enter in through your eyes your nose your mouth your mucous membranes for you to and get infected with it so that's why we have to take some extra precautions with airborne why different now some diseases that are included in airborne arm chickenpox which is also called varicella and disseminated herpes zoster which is also known as shingles and this disseminated is a widespread infection of this all over the body also needles and tuberculosis and it's important to note that chickenpox and the disseminated herpes zoster the patient will also be in contact precautions along with airborne precautions as well so with those to remember that now let's look at a pneumonic to help you remember what do these are an airborne and what special PPE you have to wear at all times with airborne precautions okay this mnemonic says airborne chicken number 95 dissected her tubby mealworms and airborne is just telling you it's the airborne precautions to seeing chicken represents chicken pox and in number and 95 represents the n95 mask you have to wear dissected her represents disseminated herpes zoster puddy represents tuberculosis and then mealworm represents measles now with airborne you once you always wear the n95 mask at all times and follow this standard precaution so you will select your other types of PPE as needed based on what you're doing in that patient's room also this patient will be in a special room with special ventilation and air room which is an airborne infection isolation room also called a negative pressure room and what happens is that it keeps the pressure lower in the patient's room than the outside room and you will and it will perform six to twelve air changes per hour to keep those residue particles droplet nuclei as low as it can and the door needs to be closed at all times because those particles can get out and float around and someone else can get it and transport this patient has to go to another testing part of the hospital and see if you can get it by bedside so someone can come do it because it needs to be limited and limits fat and if the patient has to leave the room they need to wear a mask a surgical mask now let's look at droplet precautions how are these diseases transmitted they are transmitted when the person coughs sneezes talks etc produces that respiratory droplets now these droplets are a lot larger than the droplets with the airborne and they travel less distance and they fall usually about three feet remember three feet is the magic number with this the travel that far and how they infect people is that these droplets go into the eyes and nose or the mouth and disease is included with droplet are get Syria the pharyngeal kind epiglottitis flu meningococcal disease like sepsis pneumonia or meningitis month pneumonia mycoplasma pneumoniae parvovirus b19 also known as fifth of these pneumonic plague adenovirus streptococcal pharyngitis whooping cough also called pertussis rhinovirus scarlet fever and German measles also called rubella and it's also important to note on this list that influenza the flu and that a Demento virus the patients are also in contact for cautions along with being and droplet precautions so let's look at pneumonic to help you remember all those diseases because that's a lot of diseases to remember for droplet okay so this mnemonic says who's adjustable droplet mask salt scary pneumatic fluid parasite playing plaguing distinguished German men my epic moms Rhonda so let's analyze this okay who that represents whooping call adjustable that represents a Danny no virus droplet is this hyper precaution we're dealing with masks is what you have to wear at all times when providing care for this patient sorceress represents streptococcal pharyngitis scary represents scarlet fever pneumatic represents pneumonia fluid represents flu parasites represents parvovirus b19 plague in represents the pneumonic plague distinguished represents diphtheria German represents German measles also called rubella me and represents them minja cockle diseases and remember that with sepsis you let that e in sepsis help you with this part of this pneumonic of man and M for meningitis this M and then in for in the part of pneumonia so you remember that there's three and the word men will help you remember why three my is mycoplasma pneumoniae epic for epiglottitis month for months and then Rhonda for the Rhino virus and you'll want to remember that while providing care to this patient you will always wear a surgical mask at all times and of course follow the standard precautions with this patient so for instance say that you and this patient is in droplet precautions then you need to provide mouth care to them and you know that droplet precautions with this patient the risk for example type of a germ is I get in your eyes or your nose or your mouth you can get it so since you're going to be really up close in that patients space providing mouth care and they're going to be coughing and gagging you'll want to wear your mask because that's where you're going to wear all the time but you'll want to throw in some goggles or a face shield course wear gloves and a gown because and you don't want to get any of those droplets on your body okay and with this there is no special air ventilation required because it doesn't produce that droplet nuclei those residue particles like all that happened in airborne the door can stay open with draw play precautions because remember and the droplets go for three feet and fall and keep visitors and paste and other patients away from the patient about three feet or more and it's there to be transported somewhere for testing they you'll need to warn the area that they're getting a patient droplet precautions and the patient will need to wear a surgical mask during transport and while they're in the other area okay now let's look at contacts or cautions or last one okay these diseases or organisms are transmitted from direct or indirect contact from the patient or something the patient has touched so their environment is a big indirect place that you can pick up whatever germs they have so not only touching the patient but everything that the patient cannot come in contact with and these diseases include medication resistant diseases such as MRSA VRE extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers or Klebsiella pneumoniae also diarrhea infections or of an unknown origin and those diarrhea infections can include c diff norovirus or the rotavirus also one you want to keep in mind is hepatitis A and if the patient is diapered or in cognitive stool they'll need to be in contact precautions because hepatitis A is transmitted through the stool okay also skin infections like infant iGo life scabies herpes simplex chicken pox skin diphtheria or shingles and remember that patients with chickenpox and disseminated herpes zoster are in airborne precautions along with contact precautions in wound infections with excessive drainage or the staff of Hawkeye also pulmonary infections like RSD para influenza and eye infections like conjunct Vitus and a new morning to help you remember that is dawn medical gloves I scan with every contact precautions session and dawn will represent the diarrhea infection medical will represent the medication resistant drugs gloves class down is what you always wear when in contact with these patients with represents wound drainage excessive wound drainage or sapphic Hawkeye every represents eye infections like conjunctivitis contact us the mnemonic it goes along for contact precautions represents pulmonary infections like the RSV or pure influenza and s represents the skin infections like invent I go lie turkey simplex and things like that and remember you will always wear gloves and down at all times when providing care to this patient and follow standard protocols based on what you'll be doing with that patient and the patient's best for them to be in a single room or if you can't get a minister in group the patient with another patient has the same disease and again with seated for norovirus of the rotavirus you have to perform hand hygiene with soap and water hand sanitizer does not work so if you see a test question that says patient have feed it and you're done providing care you remove your PPE what will you do next and you know with hand hygiene but you will wash with soap and water not hand sanitizer okay so that wraps up the NCLEX review lecture over precautions thank you so much for watching don't forget to take the free quiz and to subscribe to our channel for more videos