Lecture on Alfred the Great: Military Leader

Overview

• Alfred the Great is considered a key figure in Anglo-Saxon England.
• Known for defending England against Viking invasions and initiating an intellectual and religious renaissance.
• Comparisons are often made with Charlemagne.
• The lecture focuses on Alfred's military leadership, with a subsequent lecture on his scholarly contributions.

Alfred's Reputation

• Initially overshadowed by successors but gained recognition from the 19th century.
• Vital for holding the line against Viking incursions.

Family and Early Life

• Alfred's father, Aethelwulf, maintained alliances, notably with Mercia.
• Transition of power often involved internal conflict.
• Alfred was the youngest of five siblings, not initially in line for the throne.
• His pilgrimage to Rome as a child left a significant impression.

Ascension to the Throne

• Alfred became king after the premature deaths of his elder brothers.
• Maintained good relations with his brother Æthelred, aiding him in battles.
• Took the throne at 21 after Æthelred's death, despite nephews being in line.

Key Battles and Strategies

• Battle of Ashdown (871): Alfred played a crucial role in leading troops to a strategic victory against the Vikings.
• Alfred's leadership skills were recognized, although historical accounts may exaggerate his role.

Challenges and Resilience

• Alfred faced numerous defeats, including a major one shortly after becoming king.
• Temporarily made peace with Vikings by paying them to leave Wessex.
• In 878, led a successful surprise attack at the Battle of Eddington, crucially defeating Viking forces.

Treaty and Reforms

• Treaty with Guthrum: Included Christian conversion of the Viking leader.
• Military Reforms:
  • Fyrd Reformation: Permanent mobile field force established for rapid response.
  • Burghal System: Network of fortifications, enhancing defense and economic growth.
  • Naval Developments: Attempted to build a navy, though less successful than other reforms.

Legacy

• Alfred's military innovations laid the groundwork for Wessex’s defense against subsequent Viking threats.
• Established a resilient defense system that ensured the stability and growth of his kingdom.
• His preparations proved vital in countering Viking invasions from 892-896.

Conclusion

• Alfred's reign was marked by significant military and structural reforms that protected and strengthened Anglo-Saxon England against external threats.
• His efforts paved the way for a more unified and secure English kingdom.