hi I'm Andrew and I'm Dave and we're the IB English guys today we want to talk about two powerful speeches that we think are impactful and we want to look at how to analyze and read and study these speeches for the use of rhetoric yeah that's right rhetoric of course is using those persuasive elements when you're speaking and writing this is a way that you can inform and persuade people to do what you want them to do so we're going to pay close attention to these authorial choices and how they shape meaning big shout out to Maggie Hagan one of our former colleagues who gave us these two speeches to use in a lesson and we loved it and we've used this in the past it's really powerful one speech comes from a film based on a true story from the 1970s and the other comes from the 2008 uh political campaign of Barack Obama when he's running for U.S president regardless of which speeches you're looking at we need to remember some basic broad features of speeches let's go ahead and look at those now uh Mr Giles can you take us through uh the appeal to ethos yeah that's what's important about appealing to ethos ethos is about the speaker here how does the speaker give themselves credibility through through their use of humor or their use of of talking about their reputation and their background this is again very important when we look at a speech we also want to think about appeal to Pathos as well of course we're thinking about how do speakers evoke emotional responses from The Listener what emotions are they pinning to their language and how do they charge the audience Mr Joss talk about logos a bit Yeah logos is about as about logic and reasoning again a good speech is going to have logical reasons made back up with maybe facts and statistics or appeals to Authority these again give our speeches substance Mr Giles your good friend modality uh talk about modality I know it's a good friend of yours yeah modality is just a degree of certainty in our language so if we were if we use words like must that's a high modality if we use the word might that's a lower modality so we're thinking about words of certainty that's the way I look at modality we want to think about structural moves uh thinking about the speech as a whole perhaps the speaker begins with an anecdote perhaps at the end they Circle back to that anecdote maybe there's a concession before they deliver the main arguments we're thinking structurally at the whole speech how did they organize the argument Mr Giles that's great we also want to look at structure on the sentence level because a lot of speakers might use repetition or they might use anaphora or they might actually use antithesis where they're kind of juxtaposing opposites next to each other so again structurally can be on the sense level yeah lastly we want to think about those Rich language moves of course you want to think about the connotation of words hyperbole are you varying your tone are you trying to establish a different mood or atmosphere perhaps you have a really cool metaphor that sort of or a motif that's going through the speech think about those language moves and how you can shape meaning with your skill with language okay Charles what do you say we move on to the first speech can you give us a little context about the film Remember the Titans from the year 2000. yeah so this film is based on a story from a high school in Virginia and this school in Virginia in the 1970s was integrated meaning they integrated racially so they had they had students of different racial backgrounds uh brought into the same school and they weren't getting along there was a lot of racial uh division on this football team so this football coach decided I'm going to take my football team to Gettysburg which is the location of a horrible battle in the U.S Civil War from the 1800s he brought them back to that Battlefield to tell these players that they need to come together racially that's what the story is it's a really powerful moment of the film Mr Giles and the coach's name is coach Boone and he's talking to his football team which of course is about 50 percent African-American and 50 white and they don't like each other they've just run probably Miles and Miles they're exhausted yeah and they're on the field at Gettysburg and he says the following anybody know what this place is this is Gettysburg this is where they fought the Battle of Gettysburg 50 000 men died right here on this field fighting the same fight that we're still fighting amongst ourselves today this Green Field right here was painted red bubbling with the blood of young boys smoke and hot lead pouring right through their bodies listen to their souls man I killed my brother with malice in my heart hatred destroyed my family you listen and you take a lesson from the dead if we don't come together right now on this hallow ground we too will be destroyed just like they were I don't care if you like each other or not but you will learn to respect each other and maybe I don't know maybe we'll learn to play this game like men that's great well read uh we'll we'll also if you'd like to see Denzel Washington read this we'll link the video on the handout you didn't think I pulled off a very good yeah it was it was it was I tried my best guys no it's fantastic I love it uh and again if there's a little bit of Hollywood but I think good speeches have a lot of power in them and there's a lot of power and very few words in this text would you say we employ one of our favorite annotation methods this is where we go down the left hand side of the script and we just think about what Big Ideas jump at us okay so Giles when you look at that first small paragraph what do you think is something that's happening there big idea wise well he's connecting the past and the president he's obviously locating them in Gettysburg he's having them think about why they're in that place but again they're fighting the same fight and that's again connecting the past and the present yeah in terms of the features of that first paragraph Mr Giles I love that he used his hypophora he asked the question then he immediately answers it this is Gettysburg and we see that parallelism and even the colloquial language of fighting the same fight we're still fighting today you see sort of the the contrast of before and today some really nice stuff happening early in the speech yeah good good again there's structure and there's language uh then in the next paragraph the big idea here is the kind of violence and bloodshed of the Civil War and he's making us actually understand the loss of life in in that was a long time ago over a hundred years ago when he was there and this is about the Civil War that's right Mr Giles if we want to go ahead and pin that to Features what what are some features you might want to highlight here and talk about in your written analysis well I think you know the the violent and visual imagery also the use of the colors you know we think about the Green Field painted red we see the red with the blood bubbling with the blood of young boys that's pretty graphic there's some pathos there too yeah maybe I want to linger and level up I think about the red and the green typically we associate that with colors of festivity and Christmas this isn't Christmas Mr Giles this is a moment of absolute despair so yeah this is hot lead pouring through their bodies there's some pain there and we're listening to their souls right and then that last paragraph where we sort of have the voice of the soldiers and then we go back to the voice of Coach Boone what are some ideas we can take out of there Giles oh I just think like again that destructiveness like I killed like the destructiveness of hatred how hatred just kills your brother I killed my brother with malice in my heart and again you feel bringing the the feature there I it's sort of hard to identify but he's bringing the Dead Alive he's actually saying what the Menace that what the dead soldiers are saying yeah powerful right yeah what else do you notice I see the inclusive language the we and I see that repeated multiple times this idea of grouping these players together with sort of these iconic figures these Heroes who fought for the country you know and say hey just like them we are also in this iconic struggle we need to come together else we too will die on this field metaphorically yeah that's right super powerful again that juxtaposition of past and present folks yeah go ahead yeah folks in the end we just really wanted to show you a really great speech uh and give you some ideas about how you can attack this how you might be able to annotate this speech come on back for our next video we'll go ahead and look at the work from Barack Obama as well and then we'll think about building some comparative skills you know today maybe you want to think about a global issue maybe you want to think about that rich claim for a paper one next time we're going to come back and do some comparative work and see how we can continue enjoying speeches and increasing our own abilities to deliver our own speeches thanks for watching the channel and see you next time thanks guys