IPO Diagrams

Introduction to IPO Diagrams

• IPO stands for Input-Process-Output.
• Used to visually display the inputs, processes, and expected outputs of a system.
• Presented in a tabular format.

Key Components of IPO Diagrams

Input

• Data entered into the system.
• Can come from a user or another location within the system.

Process

• A series of steps applied to the input data.
• Converts input data into desired output.

Output

• Data transformed into information after processing.
• Represents the purpose of the system.

Structure of the IPO Diagram

• Three columns:
  • Input Column: Data entered into the system.
  • Process Column: Steps applied to the input data.
  • Output Column: Final transformed information.
• Illustrates the relationship between inputs, processes, and outputs.

Understanding Relationships in IPO Diagrams

• Shows the path of data entry (input) and its transformation through processes to yield output.
• Encourages an algorithmic mindset in planning the relationship between input, processes, and output.

Planning Using IPO Diagrams

• Sometimes start with the desired output:
  • Determine the end product first.
  • Identify required inputs for this output.
  • Define processes needed to transform inputs into output.

Example: Basic Calculator Program

Objective

• Allow user to enter two numbers and perform basic arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide).

Steps to Create IPO Diagram for Calculator

1. Output: Result of the calculation.
2. Input:
   • User input for first number (stored as number1).
   • User input for second number (stored as number2).
3. Process:
   • User selects an operation (add, subtract, multiply, divide).
   • Based on selection, perform the calculation on number1 and number2.
   • Display the result of the calculation.

Conclusion

• IPO diagrams help clarify what needs to go into a system, the processes that occur, and the final outputs that satisfy user needs.