all right so welcome back and so this is the last video for this week's lecture um and so in the previous videos we talked about what you know when you know a morpheme and roughly you know where it goes or the syntax what it means the semantics and how it's pronounced or the phonology and for affixes this first part the syntax is actually really important right and so like where the affix goes uh we talked about the fact that lines right is not the same thing as slime right because the Za ethics specifically has to go at the end of the word so it's a suffix so when you know the affix Za inside of your head as an English speaker not only do you know how to pronounce it and what it means but you also have the information of like where does it go syntactically speaking but consider this okay how about a sentence like this in the English language okay Yoko seems joyfuls today Yoko seems joyfuls today okay there is a big fat star in front of the sentence indicating that this is a descriptively bad sentence so this is not something that a native speaker of English would say so this has to do with joyfuls right and so like what's wrong with putting Za at the end of Joyful like we just said that well Za is a suffix it has to go at the end of the base and so what's wrong with joyfuls we follow that rule right so you might be sort of like inclined to answer well joyfuls doesn't make sense right in terms of the meaning but when you think about it you can actually make sense of what it means like joyfuls if it was a word in English language it would mean something like you know many states of being joyful or like very joyful or something like that right and so it's trying to pluralize the adjective we can sort of like make sense of what it's trying to mean so it's not about the meaning as much as like the category of the word that Za attached to here so if you think about grammatical cases of words created with the suffix you get words like tables dogs pens and things like that right okay so like what does ZA always attached to okay yes it's always a suffix but it's a suffix to a particular category of a word always and the answer is it always attaches to a noun so the problem with a hypothetical word like joyfuls is that joyful is not a noun It's actually an adjective so from this we can actually see that you know a suffix is not just a suffix so every single thing in the English language uh it's actually picky about the category of that word so when we say where it goes the syntactic information of the affix it also includes information like what is the category of the word that I attached to here's another example to get this point across um and so the sentence this time is Hiroshi will rewrite his essay the word is rewrite so re is a prefix in English but it doesn't attach to every single category of words that's sort of the idea here so rewrite right is a verb and so it does attach to verbs okay but if you had a sentence like I ate another cookie and it was really delicious okay it's a really delicious does not sound like an English word there's something really funny about this word right here and this of course has to do with the fact that we really is picky about what it attaches to it wants to attach to a verb but delicious is an adjective right and so it doesn't work here so just to sort of reiterate what I said earlier uh the weirdness of the word re-delicious is not really about the meaning of the word because it's easy to think well read delicious doesn't make sense right like what would it mean right things like that it's not about the meaning actually because you can actually make sense of what re-delicious means like what it's trying to mean like you know like like I had I had one cookie okay and it was delicious right and then like I had another one really delicious you know like like you know it it would mean something like it was delicious again right and so you can make sense of what it means and so like the weird the the weirdness the the reason that the word redalicious is weird uh is not because of the meaning of the word it has to do with like sort of the category of the word that the affix is attaching to okay so the summary so far [Music] what do we know when we know a language descriptive rules right you have to have these rules in your head but like you also have to store morphemes in your head right and so uh these affixes and Roots these sort of basic building blocks of your language you have a story in our head okay um and then the next question that we asked was what do we know when we know a morpheme okay well number one where it goes okay what it means and also how it's pronounced right is what we've found in this video okay okay so here's the thing now so um I have been casually throwing around words like noun verb and adjective in this video right um and so um if some of you are a little bit you know nervous with these terminology right and so if you're thinking to yourself oh like what's a noun again or what's a verb again or what's an adjective again that's okay um because that's the topic of next week's lecture and so we're going to start to talk about okay what exactly is a noun and like what exactly is a verb for example because this is really important because like we said one of the things that we know when we know a morpheme is the syntactic information of morphine so for example for affixes right uh it has specific rules like you know I attached to verbs okay and so uh it's important for us to recognize what we mean by verb right when we say something like that so we will talk about that next time and so I will see you in those videos alright see you then bye [Music]