Pre-ejaculate (also known as pre-ejaculatory fluid, pre-seminal fluid, Cowper's fluid, or colloquially as pre-cum) is a clear, colorless, and viscous fluid.
Emitted from the urethra of the penis during sexual arousal or activity.
Similar in composition to semen but with distinct chemical differences.
Origin and Composition
Produced primarily by the bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands) and the glands of Littre (urethral glands).
Discharged during arousal, masturbation, foreplay, or early stages of sexual intercourse.
Amount varies greatly; some men do not produce any, while others may emit up to 5 ml.
Contains chemicals like acid phosphatase but lacks others such as gamma-glutamyltransferase.
Function and Risks
Neutralizes acidity in the urethra from residual urine, promoting a favorable environment for sperm.
Alters vaginal acidity to promote sperm survival.
Functions as a lubricant during sexual activity, aiding in semen coagulation.
Generally, low or no sperm is present, but there is evidence of sperm presence in some cases, potentially causing pregnancy.
Pre-ejaculate may contain HIV in infected men, posing transmission risk.
Overproduction
Rare instances of excessive pre-ejaculate production.
Treatable with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors like finasteride.
References
Studies and references cited include journals like the Journal of Andrology, Int. J. Androl, and Lancet among others.
Important Considerations
There are arguments against using coitus interruptus (withdrawal method) as a contraceptive due to potential sperm presence.
Awareness of HIV transmission risks through pre-ejaculate is critical for safe sexual practices.