Heimler's History: The Constitution of the United States

Introduction

• Transition from the Articles of Confederation to the Constitution
• Constitution as the new governing document established in 1787
• Addressing the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation by expanding federal power

Major Provisions of the Constitution

Federalism

• Definition: Sharing of power between national and state governments
  • Does not mean national government is more powerful than state governments
  • Supremacy Clause (Article 6): National law trumps state law when in conflict
• Enumerated Powers of Congress (Article 1, Section 8)
  • Powers specifically given to the federal government (e.g., declare war)
  • Example: Federal power to declare war overrides state decisions
• 10th Amendment
  • Powers not delegated to the national government are reserved for the states
  • Includes powers like defining legal relationships (e.g., marriage, divorce)

Separation of Powers

• Three Branches of Government:
  1. Legislative Branch: Makes laws
  2. Executive Branch: Enforces laws
  3. Judicial Branch: Interprets laws
• Checks and Balances
  • Each branch can check the powers of the others to prevent abuse
  • Example: President's veto power over legislative proposals
  • Congress can override a veto with a two-thirds majority

Philosophy Behind the Constitution

• Framers aimed to prevent tyranny through power distribution
• Reference to Federalist 51: Human nature necessitates government
• Emphasis on protecting the people from abuse of power

Conclusion

• Importance of understanding federalism and separation of powers
• Encouragement to continue studying to achieve academic success

Additional Resources

• Recommendation to explore the Ultimate Review Packet
• Encouragement to subscribe for more educational content