Transcript for:
Understanding Gland Structure and Types

Glands are multicellular organs or individual  cells that secrete substances for use in the   body. Most glands are made up of epithelial tissue  and their seat creations include mucin, hormones,   electrolytes, enzymes, and waste products. Glands  can be divided into two groups, endocrine glands,   and exocrine glands. Endocrine glands secrete  their products, mainly hormones, directly into the   bloodstream or interstitial fluid that surrounds  cells. Some endocrine glands include the adrenal,   thyroid, and pituitary glands. Exocrine glands  typically secrete their products into a duct   or onto a surface, such as the skin, but not into  the bloodstream. Exocrine glands can be unicellular   or multicellular. Unicellular exocrine glands do  not contain ducks and the multicellular glands do   contain a duct system. An example of a unicellular  exocrine gland is the goblet cell, which can be   found in epithelial tissue and secrets mucin, which  forms a mucous layer, coating certain tissue areas,   such as the air passageway in the trachea, in the  respiratory system. Multicellular exocrine glands   can be classified in two different ways, by their  form, or by their secretion method. Let's look at   classification by form. There are two different  forms, simple glands, which have a single duct, and   compound glands, which have branching ducts. There  are also two different forms of the secretory   portion of the gland. Tubular, where the diameter  of the duct and secretary portion are similar,   and acinar, or alveolar where the secretory  portion of the gland forms a sac like shape. So,   they're simple straight tubular, coiled tubular,  and simple branch tubular, which still has only   one duct, making it a simple gland. And simple a  acinar and simple branched acinar, again, only one   duct. And for compound glands with more than one  duct there are compound tubular, compound acinar,   and compound tubuloacinar, with both tubular  and a sinner regions. Now for classification by   secretion method, in which there are three basic  types. Merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine.   Merocrine glands release their secretions through  the process of exocytosis, where secretory vesicles   are released through the plasma membrane of  the cell without damaging the cell itself.   The salivary glands are an example of merocrine  glands. Apocrine glands actually pinch off   a portion of the cell to release their secretory  products. The cell repairs itself and continues to   release its products in the same manner, mammary  and some sweat glands are examples of apocrine  glands. The third type is holocrine glands. In  holocrine glands cells accumulate a secretory   product and the entire cell ruptures to release  the product. The ruptured cells are replaced by   other epithelial cells through cell division.  Examples of holocrine glands include certain   glands in the skin and in the eyelids. We will  cover the structure and functions of individual   glands in future videos. And that be the basics  on the structure and classification of glands.